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【六頁】 【上段】 求哆。次叵舍羅。次牛護。次善護。次護命。次差陀。次耶 舍。次弗提羅。次耆婆伽。次法護。《割書:已上|二十。》次提那伽。次法 錢。次能《割書:[考]能律|作龍》覺。次僧伽提婆。次法勝。次弗娑婆陀羅。 次道力。已上始_レ自_二婆離尊者_一。終至_二道力尊者_一。都合二十 七人。次第相承。護持弘通。彼律雖_レ列_二 二十七人_一。不_レ明_三 佛滅經_二幾許年_一。第二十師。名曰_二法護_一。與_二 四分律末名_一全 同。而是根本部。四分律主。是百年時。二十部中有_二法藏 部_一。彼部主取_二前人法名_一。而持_二根本摩訶僧祇_一。在_二其三百 八十年時_一有_二何遮妨_一。雖_レ有_二自計_一。兼弘爾故。其善見論傳 承相者。謂優婆離。次駄象拘。次蘇耶拘。次悉伽符。次目 犍連子帝須。次摩■【呬哂ヵ】陀。《割書:阿育王|之子。》次阿栗吒。次帝須達多。 次伽羅須末那。次地伽那。《割書:已上|十。》次須末那。次伽羅須那。 次曇無德。《割書:已上|十三。》次帝須。次提婆。次須末那。次專那伽。次 曇無波離。次爾摩。次優婆帝須。《割書:已上|二十。》次法正。次阿婆那。 次提婆。次私婆。從_二優婆離_一至_二于私婆_一。次第相承二十四 人。與_二前僧祇二十七人_一皆是大阿羅漢尊者。傳_二-持律藏_一 連續不_レ絕。善見列_二諸師_一。未_三別指_二時代_一。然彼論云。爾時諸 【下段】 大德到_二師子洲中_一已。摩哂陀爲_二 上座_一。於時佛𣵀槃已二 百三十六歲。佛法通流。至_二師子洲中_一。《割書:已|上。》哂陀卽是第六 傳律。乃在_二彼時_一傳_二-持佛法_一。彼第十三曇無德者。嵩岳定 賓律師判云。其曇無德。卽是此律主也。《割書:已|上。》今詳。四分律 主曇無德者。如來滅後百年時出。善見論意。第六摩哂陀。 旣是二百餘年而出。況第十三豈相符乎。是故應_レ言。二 十部中曇無德部。此云_二法藏_一。亦云_二法密_一。亦云_二法護_一。亦云_二 法正_一。法藏三百八十年起。與_二見論意_一時分相稱。嵩岳師 意。彼與_二百年時四分律主_一。其名旣同。故後法藏言_二此律 主_一。有_二何遮妨_一。彼善見論七百年造。第二十四私婆羅漢。 卽應_二彼時_一。事應_レ爾故。元照師意。後法藏部全取_二前名_一。如_二 彼達磨多羅例_一也。厥迦葉尊者相傳次第者。摩訶迦葉弘_二- 持佛法_一。欲_二入定_一時。付_二法阿難_一。阿難臨_レ滅囑_二法末田地_一。 田地臨_レ滅付_二法商那和須_一。《割書:雖_三是同承_二阿難_一。依_二薩婆多|師資傳_一說_二如_レ是相傳_一。》和須欲_レ 滅付_二法優婆毱多_一。如此相傳名_二竪五師_一。弘_二-持法佛_一各二 十年。雖_レ有_二延促_一。約_二多分_一。毱多之時。已經_二百年_一。上之五 師。通弘_二 三藏_一。今且取_二其傳律之邊_一。毱多之下。有_二 五弟 【七頁】 【上段】 子_一。謂曇無德。薩婆多。彌娑塞。迦葉遺。婆麤富羅也。此 五羅漢。亦傳_二 三藏五藏等法_一。今亦且取_二傳律之邊_一。今此 五人名_二横五師_一。如來滅後之百餘年阿輸迦王破_二-滅佛法_一。 諸聖者等飛往_二雪山_一。後請_二聖衆_一還_二-來諸國_一。時此五人。各 隨_二所聞_一誦結弘_レ之。是故所_レ集律等各別。卽曇無律名曰_二 四分_一。薩婆多律名爲_二 十誦_一。彌沙塞律名爲_二 五分_一。迦葉遺 律名爲_二解說_一。如_レ是此等五部。於_レ世流傳不_レ絕。有_二僧祇 律_一。是根本部。前五部宗。從_レ此分出。此僧祇律。百餘年 時。亦有_二羅漢_一。誦結弘_レ世。故二十七祖相承不_レ絕。道力 已下諸聖稟弘。又佛滅百年。餘方有_二 二部起_一。謂大衆部 上座部也。二百餘年。從_二大衆部_一漸々分出。成_二於七部_一。三 百餘年乃至_二 四百_一。上座部中出_二 十一部_一。合十八部。幷_二本 二部_一成_二 二十部_一。又有_二 十二部五百部等_一。彼之部中。名有_二 律藏_一。如_レ此雖_レ有_二 二十部_一。久後流行唯是五部。卽上座部 中。有部。犢子。化地。度《割書:[考]度|恐衍》法藏。飮光是也。此五全取_二 百年之時五部名義_一。故有_二同名_一。故彼此名濫。諸師異解。 法弘_二 五天_一。隨_レ時興廢。義淨三藏度天之時。印度弘_レ法大 【下段】 綱有_レ 四。一聖大衆部。分出_二 七部_一。二聖上座部。分出_二 三 部_一。三說一切有部。分出_二 四部_一。四聖正量部。分出_二 四部_一。 根本四部所_レ出。枝末惣十八部。如_レ是不同。諸師流通相 承不_レ斷。如_レ是諸部各有_二律藏_一。後々末代行學彌盛。如_三震 旦國傳_二戒律_一者。時宜契合。傳通不_レ謬。昔後漢明帝永平 十年。騰蘭漸來。始傳_二佛法_一。事義草創。戒法未_レ傳。永平 十年丁卯已後至_二曹魏嘉平元年己巳之歲_一。惣經_二 一百八 十三年_一。戒法未_レ沾。《割書:若依_二賓律師_一。永平十年至_二第十一主桓帝|永康元年丁未_一 一百一年。戒範未_レ明。》其 間三藏諸師漸來。翻_二-傳大小乘經_一。後漢永平。二聖傳_レ法。 摩騰前來譯_二 四十二章經_一入寂。法蘭後來《割書:永平|十一年》翻_二數部_一。 然後入寂。未_レ詳_二年月_一。春秋六十有餘。《割書:永平 ▢(至イ)十八年且以_二|法蘭_一屬_二明帝_一也。》 厥後從_二第三主章帝卽位建初元年歲次丙子_一《割書:當_二大日本國|人王第十二代》 《割書:景行天皇|六年丙子_一》至_二第十主質帝本初元年歲次丙戌_一。合有_二 七十 一年_一。梵僧不_レ來。漢無_二沙門_一。《割書:且校_二僧傳經錄_一不_レ載。|理實僧衆有天難名》至_二第十 一主桓帝建和元年歲次丁▢【亥】_一支婁迦讖三藏來至。四十 年中翻_二-釋諸經_一。建和二年歲次戊子安世高來。首尾二十 三之間。傳_二-譯諸經_一。第十二主靈帝光和元年戊午之歲。竺 【「[考]」は四角囲み文字】

現代語訳

【六頁】 【上段】 求哆、次に叵舎羅、次に牛護、次に善護、次に護命、次に差陀、次に耶舎、次に弗提羅、次に耆婆伽、次に法護(已上二十)、次に提那伽、次に法錢、次に能覚、次に僧伽提婆、次に法勝、次に弗娑婆陀羅、次に道力。以上、優婆離尊者より始まり道力尊者に終わるまで、都合二十七人が次第に相承し、護持弘通しました。その律では二十七人を列挙していますが、仏滅後何年経ているかは明らかにしていません。第二十師の名は法護といい、四分律末の名と全く同じです。しかしこれは根本部であり、四分律主は百年の時代で、二十部中に法蔵部があります。その部主は前人の法名を取って、根本摩訶僧祇を保持していました。その三百八十年の時代に何の障害があるでしょうか。自らの見解はありますが、兼ねて弘めた故です。 その善見論の伝承については、優婆離、次に駄象拘、次に蘇耶拘、次に悉伽符、次に目犍連子帝須、次に摩呬陀(阿育王の子)、次に阿栗吒、次に帝須達多、次に伽羅須末那、次に地伽那(已上十)、次に須末那、次に伽羅須那、次に曇無德(已上十三)、次に帝須、次に提婆、次に須末那、次に専那伽、次に曇無波離、次に爾摩、次に優婆帝須(已上二十)、次に法正、次に阿婆那、次に提婆、次に私婆。優婆離から私婆まで次第に相承した二十四人で、前の僧祇の二十七人と皆大阿羅漢尊者であり、律蔵を伝持して連続して絶えることがありませんでした。善見では諸師を列挙していますが、時代を別に指定していません。しかしその論には「その時諸 【下段】 大徳が師子洲(スリランカ)中に到着してから、摩呬陀が上座となり、その時仏涅槃已に二百三十六歳で、仏法が通流して師子洲中に至った」とあります(已上)。呬陀は即ち第六の伝律者で、その時代に仏法を伝持しました。その第十三の曇無德について、嵩岳定賓律師は「その曇無德は、即ちこの律主である」と判じています(已上)。 今詳しく考えると、四分律主曇無德は如来滅後百年の時に出現しました。善見論の意では、第六摩呬陀は既に二百余年にして出現したのであり、ましてや第十三がどうして符合するでしょうか。故に言うべきは、二十部中の曇無德部は、これを法蔵といい、また法密ともいい、また法護ともいい、また法正ともいいます。法蔵は三百八十年に起こり、見論の意と時分が相称します。嵩岳師の意では、それと百年時の四分律主とは、その名が既に同じであるから、後の法蔵がこの律主と言うことに何の障害があるでしょうか。その善見論は七百年に造られ、第二十四私婆羅漢は即ちその時代に相応するはずです。事はそうあるべきだからです。元照師の意では、後の法蔵部は全く前の名を取ったのは、かの達磨多羅の例のようなものです。 その迦葉尊者の相伝次第については、摩訶迦葉が仏法を弘持し、入定しようとする時、法を阿難に付しました。阿難は滅度に臨んで法を末田地に託し、田地は滅度に臨んで法を商那和須に付しました(同じく阿難を承けるといえども、薩婆多の師資伝によってこのような相伝を説く)。和須は滅しようとして法を優婆毱多に付しました。このような相伝を竪五師と名付け、仏法を弘持すること各二十年で、延促はありますが、多分について言えば、毱多の時、已に百年を経ていました。上の五師は通じて三蔵を弘め、今はその伝律の辺を取ります。毱多の下に五弟 【七頁】 【上段】 子があります。曇無德、薩婆多、弥娑塞、迦葉遺、婆麤富羅です。この五羅漢もまた三蔵五蔵等の法を伝えましたが、今もまたその伝律の辺を取ります。今この五人を横五師と名付けます。 如来滅後の百余年、阿輸迦王が仏法を破滅させた時、諸聖者等は雪山に飛び往き、後に聖衆を請じて諸国に還来させました。この時この五人は、各々聞いた所に随って誦結し弘めました。故に集めた律等は各々別で、即ち曇無律は四分と名付けられ、薩婆多律は十誦と名付けられ、弥沙塞律は五分と名付けられ、迦葉遺律は解説と名付けられました。このようにこれ等の五部は世に流伝して絶えることがありません。 僧祇律があり、これは根本部です。前の五部宗はここから分出しました。この僧祇律は百余年の時、また羅漢があり、誦結して世に弘めました。故に二十七祖の相承は絶えることがありません。道力以下の諸聖が稟受し弘めました。 また仏滅百年、余方に二部が起こりました。大衆部と上座部です。二百余年、大衆部から漸々分出して七部を成しました。三百余年乃至四百年、上座部中から十一部が出て、合わせて十八部、本の二部と並んで二十部を成しました。また十二部五百部等があります。その部中に律蔵があると名付けられています。このように二十部がありましたが、久しく後に流行したのは唯五部のみです。即ち上座部中の、有部、犢子、化地、法蔵、飲光がそれです。この五つは全く百年の時の五部の名義を取ったため、同名があります。故にかれこれ名が濫り、諸師の解が異なります。法は五天(インド)に弘まり、時に随って興廃しました。義浄三蔵が天竺に渡った時、印度で法を弘める大 【下段】 綱は四つありました。一つは聖大衆部で七部を分出し、二つは聖上座部で三部を分出し、三つは説一切有部で四部を分出し、四つは聖正量部で四部を分出しました。根本四部の所出で、枝末総じて十八部です。このように異なり、諸師が流通相承して断つことがありませんでした。このように諸部は各々律蔵があり、後々の末代に行学がますます盛んになりました。 震旦国(中国)に戒律を伝えたことについては、時宜に契合し、伝通に誤りがありませんでした。昔、後漢明帝永平十年、騰蘭が漸く来て、始めて仏法を伝えました。事義は草創で、戒法は未だ伝わりませんでした。永平十年丁卯以後、曹魏嘉平元年己巳の歳まで、総じて百八十三年を経て、戒法は未だ沾わりませんでした(賓律師によれば、永平十年から第十一主桓帝永康元年丁未まで百一年、戒範は未だ明らかでなかった)。 その間、三蔵の諸師が漸く来て、大小乗経を翻訳伝播しました。後漢永平、二聖が法を伝え、摩騰が前来して四十二章経を訳し入寂し、法蘭が後来(永平十一年)して数部を翻訳し、然る後に入寂しました。年月は詳らかではありませんが、春秋六十有余でした(永平十八年、法蘭を明帝に属させた)。 その後、第三主章帝即位建初元年歳次丙子(大日本国人王第十二代景行天皇六年丙子に当たる)から第十主質帝本初元年歳次丙戌まで、合わせて七十一年があります。梵僧は来ず、漢には沙門がありませんでした(僧伝経録を校するに載せず、理実僧衆には天難名がある)。第十一主桓帝建和元年歳次丁亥に、支婁迦讖三蔵が来至し、四十年中に諸経を翻釈しました。建和二年歳次戊子に安世高が来て、首尾二十三年の間に諸経を伝訳しました。第十二主霊帝光和元年戊午の歳、竺

英語訳

【Page Six】 【Upper Section】 Guzhiduo, followed by Fusha La, followed by Ox Protector, followed by Good Protector, followed by Life Protector, followed by Chada, followed by Yaśa, followed by Putira, followed by Jīvaka, followed by Dharma Protector (the above twenty), followed by Tinaga, followed by Dharma Money, followed by Capable Awakening, followed by Saṅghadeva, followed by Dharma Victory, followed by Pusabhadra, followed by Path Power. From Venerable Upāli at the beginning to Venerable Path Power at the end, a total of twenty-seven people successively inherited, protected, maintained, and propagated [the teachings]. Although that vinaya lists twenty-seven people, it does not clarify how many years had passed since the Buddha's parinirvāṇa. The twentieth master was named Dharma Protector, which is exactly the same as the name at the end of the Four-Part Vinaya. However, this is the root school, while the Four-Part Vinaya master was from the hundred-year period, and among the twenty schools there was the Dharmaguptaka school. The master of that school took the dharma name of the previous person and maintained the root Mahāsāṃghika. What obstacle could there be for that three-hundred-eighty-year period? Although there are personal views, it was propagated for that reason. Regarding the transmission lineage of the Samantapāsādikā: Upāli, followed by Daśabalakassapa, followed by Suyakassapa, followed by Siggava, followed by Moggaliputtatissa, followed by Mahinda (son of King Aśoka), followed by Ariṭṭha, followed by Tissadatta, followed by Kāḷasumana, followed by Dīghagāma (the above ten), followed by Sumana, followed by Kāḷasumana, followed by Dhammagutta (the above thirteen), followed by Tissa, followed by Deva, followed by Sumana, followed by Soṇaka, followed by Dhammapāla, followed by Erma, followed by Upatissa (the above twenty), followed by Dhammasoṇa, followed by Abhaya, followed by Deva, followed by Sīvali. From Upāli to Sīvali, twenty-four people successively inherited, and together with the previous twenty-seven of the Mahāsāṃghika, all were great arhat venerables who transmitted and maintained the vinaya collection continuously without interruption. The Samantapāsādikā lists the various masters but does not separately specify time periods. However, that treatise states: "At that time, the great virtuous ones 【Lower Section】 arrived in Ceylon, Mahinda became the elder, and at that time it had been 236 years since the Buddha's parinirvāṇa, when the Buddha's teachings flowed and reached Ceylon" (above). Mahinda was the sixth vinaya transmitter who transmitted and maintained the Buddha's teachings in that era. Regarding the thirteenth Dhammagutta, Master Dingbin of Songyue judged: "That Dhammagutta is precisely this vinaya master" (above). Upon careful examination now, the Four-Part Vinaya master Dhammagutta appeared a hundred years after the Tathāgata's passing. According to the Samantapāsādikā's intention, the sixth Mahinda appeared over two hundred years later; how much more could the thirteenth correspond? Therefore, it should be said that among the twenty schools, the Dhammagutta school is called Dharmaguptaka, also called Dharmagupta, also called Dharmarakṣa, also called Dharmasoṇa. The Dharmaguptaka arose in 380 years, which corresponds with the time period intended by the Samantapāsādikā. According to Master Songyue's intention, since that [name] is already the same as the hundred-year Four-Part Vinaya master, what obstacle is there for the later Dharmaguptaka to be called this vinaya master? That Samantapāsādikā was composed in 700 years, and the twenty-fourth Arhat Sīvali should correspond to that time. This is how things should be. According to Master Yuanzhao's intention, the later Dharmaguptaka school completely adopted the former name, like the example of Dharmatara. Regarding the successive transmission of Venerable Kāśyapa: Mahākāśyapa propagated and maintained the Buddha's teachings, and when he wished to enter samādhi, he entrusted the dharma to Ānanda. Ānanda, approaching death, entrusted the dharma to Madhyāntika. Madhyāntika, approaching death, entrusted the dharma to Śāṇakavāsa (although both received from Ānanda, according to the Sarvāstivāda Master-Disciple Transmission, such succession is described). Śāṇakavāsa, about to pass away, entrusted the dharma to Upagupta. This successive transmission is called the "Five Vertical Masters," each propagating the Buddha's teachings for twenty years. Although there were extensions and contractions, speaking generally, by Upagupta's time, a hundred years had already passed. The above five masters generally propagated the Tripiṭaka; we now take only the aspect of their vinaya transmission. Below Upagupta were five disciples: 【Page Seven】 【Upper Section】 Dhammagutta, Sarvāstivāda, Mahīśāsaka, Kāśyapīya, and Vātsīputrīya. These five arhats also transmitted the dharma of the Tripiṭaka and Five Collections, but we now also take only the aspect of their vinaya transmission. These five people are now called the "Five Horizontal Masters." Over a hundred years after the Tathāgata's passing, King Aśoka destroyed the Buddha's teachings, and all the sages flew to the Snow Mountains. Later, they invited the noble assembly to return to various countries. At that time, these five people each recited, compiled, and propagated according to what they had heard. Therefore, the vinayas they compiled were each different: Dhammagutta's vinaya was called Four Parts, Sarvāstivāda vinaya was called Ten Recitations, Mahīśāsaka vinaya was called Five Parts, and Kāśyapīya vinaya was called Explanation. Thus these five schools have been transmitted in the world without interruption. There is the Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya, which is the root school. The previous five school traditions split off from this. This Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya, in the hundred-plus year period, also had arhats who recited, compiled, and propagated it in the world. Therefore, the succession of twenty-seven patriarchs was unbroken. From Path Power downward, various sages received and propagated it. Also, a hundred years after the Buddha's passing, two schools arose elsewhere: the Mahāsāṃghika and Sthavira schools. Over two hundred years later, gradually splitting from the Mahāsāṃghika, seven schools were formed. From three hundred to four hundred years later, eleven schools emerged from the Sthavira school. Combined with the eighteen schools, together with the original two schools, they formed twenty schools. There were also twelve schools, five hundred schools, etc. Among those schools, there are those called vinaya collections. Although there were these twenty schools, after a long time only five schools remained in circulation: namely, from the Sthavira school: Sarvāstivāda, Vātsīputrīya, Mahīśāsaka, Dharmaguptaka, and Kāśyapīya. These five completely adopted the names and meanings of the five schools from the hundred-year period, hence there are identical names. Therefore, these names became confused, and various masters had different interpretations. The dharma spread throughout the Five Indies (India), flourishing and declining according to the times. When Tripiṭaka Master Yijing crossed to India, the great 【Lower Section】 framework for propagating dharma in India had four aspects: First, the Noble Mahāsāṃghika school split into seven schools; second, the Noble Sthavira school split into three schools; third, the Sarvāstivāda school split into four schools; fourth, the Noble Saṃmitīya school split into four schools. Emerging from the four root schools, the branch schools totaled eighteen schools. Being thus different, various masters transmitted and inherited continuously without break. Thus each school had its vinaya collection, and in later final periods, study and practice became increasingly flourishing. Regarding the transmission of precepts and vinaya to China, it was appropriately suited to the times, with accurate transmission without error. Long ago, in the tenth year of Yongping under Emperor Ming of Later Han, [Kāśyapa] Mātaṅga and [Dharmaratna] gradually came and first transmitted Buddhism. The doctrinal foundations were just beginning, and the precept dharma had not yet been transmitted. From the tenth year of Yongping (Dingmao year) onward until the first year of Jiaping under Cao Wei (Jisi year), a total of 183 years passed with the precept dharma not yet reaching [China] (According to Master Bin, from the tenth year of Yongping to the first year of Yongkang under the eleventh ruler Emperor Huan [Dingwei year], 101 years passed with the precept standards not yet clarified). During this period, various Tripiṭaka masters gradually came and translated and transmitted Mahayana and Hinayana sutras. In the Yongping period of Later Han, two sages transmitted the dharma: Mātaṅga came first and translated the Sutra of Forty-Two Sections, then passed away; Dharmaratna came later (eleventh year of Yongping) and translated several works, then passed away. The years and months are not detailed, but he lived over sixty years (In the eighteenth year of Yongping, Dharmaratna was entrusted to Emperor Ming). Afterward, from the first year of Jianchu when the third ruler Emperor Zhang ascended the throne (Bingzi year, corresponding to the sixth year Bingzi of Emperor Keiko, the twelfth sovereign of Great Japan) to the first year of Benchu under the tenth ruler Emperor Zhi (Bingxu year), there were a total of seventy-one years. No Indian monks came, and there were no śramaṇas in China (Checking the monk biographies and sutra catalogs shows no records, though in reality there may have been monks with Indian names). In the first year of Jianhe under the eleventh ruler Emperor Huan (Dinghai year), Tripiṭaka Master Lokakṣema arrived and translated various sutras over forty years. In the second year of Jianhe (Wuzi year), An Shigao came and transmitted and translated various sutras over twenty-three years. In the first year of Guanghe under the twelfth ruler Emperor Ling (Wuwu year), Zhu