翻刻
須弥界ヲ横旋スルノ明証ニ非スヤ。
第四難 曜乗風輪 問云。今須弥界ヲ説ケルニ。日
月気ニ乗ストシ。又別風輪中ヨリ之ヲ視ルトス。然ルニ気ハ
浮軽ノモノニテ。恒ニ遥動セン。然ラハ日月ノ居所参差齟齬
シテ。蝕限等モ測得難カラン。此義云何。
弁云。此難問大ニ非ナリ。其故ハ汝カ説《割書：前｜出》ニ既ニ不＿レ言乎。有＿レ気
以環＿二￣－遶之＿一。マタ自＿レ他而上。高約一百五十里。人物皆処其中。若＿二
魚類之有＿レ水。マタ前ニモ出セル如ク。大地之外週囲有＿二生気＿一包
裹。マタ日光自＿二天空＿一直射。一入＿二気内＿一亦必折射而来。凡吾人
所＿レ見。日月星辰決非＿二本来定位＿一ト。看￣〳〵汝カ説ニ於テ。日月
星辰ハ気ニ随テ本来ノ定位ヲ移シ。真像其処ヲ易ル。而シテ
人目ニハ其像ノミヲ視ルト云ニアラスヤ。何レモ地上ノ風気ノ
動クハ兎モアレ。此大気ノ上面ニ曜影ノ印スルハ。定規アレハコソ。洋
暦ハ勿論。何レノ暦法モ其日体ノ像影ヲ測リテ算ヲ布キ。四節
ノ季候昼夜長短。及黄赤昇度東西差等ヲ求メ。日月ノ交蝕
ヲ予メ之ヲ推歩スルニ。些少モ差ハサルニ非スヤ。若シ此気恒ニ
遥動シテ。日月ノ居位参差齟齬スヘキモノナラハ。難スル所ノ吾須
弥界ヨリモ。汝カ立ル所ノ地球説忽チニ破レナン。此ノ如キノ難
ハ。他ヲ傾覆セント欲シテ。自ラ其破レヲトル。喩ヘハ角触者ノ全
身ノカラヲモテ。人ヲ圧倒セント欲スルニ。敵者身ヲ側テヽ吾
現代語訳
須弥界を横に旋回するという明らかな証拠ではないか。
**第四難 曜は風輪に乗る**
問うて言う。今、須弥界について説くに、日月は気（大気）に乗るとし、また別の風輪の中からこれを視るとする。しかし、気というものは軽く浮かぶ性質のものであって、常に揺れ動くであろう。そうであれば、日月の位置がまちまちに食い違い、日食・月食の限界なども測り難いであろう。この点はいかがか。
弁じて言う。この難問は大いに誤りである。その理由は、あなたの説（前出）においてすでに言っていないか。「気がこれを取り巻いており、また他より上方へ、高さ約百五十里、人や物はみなその中に在ること、ちょうど魚類に水があるようなものだ」と。またすでに前にも示したように、「大地の外側の周囲には生気があって包み裹んでいる」と。またさらに「日光は天空より直射し、一たび気の内に入るとやはり必ず折射（屈折）して来る。およそ我々が見る日月星辰は、決してそれらの本来の定位置ではない」と。つまりあなたの説においては、日月星辰は気に随って本来の定位置を移し、真の像はその位置を変える。そして人の目にはその（屈折した）像のみを視ると言うではないか。地上の風気が動くのはともかく、この大気の上面に曜（日月星）の影が印されるのには、定まった規則があればこそ、西洋暦はもちろん、いかなる暦法も、その日体の像の影を測って算を立て、四季の季候・昼夜の長短、および黄道・赤道の昇度・東西差などを求め、日月の交食（日食・月食）をあらかじめ推算するに、些少も差が生じないではないか。もしこの気が常に揺れ動いて、日月の居る位置がまちまちに食い違うべきものならば、難じているところの我が須弥界よりも、あなたが立てる地球説の方がたちまちに破れてしまうであろう。このような難問は、他を打ち倒そうとして、自ら自分の破綻を招くものである。譬えば、角突き（相撲）をする者が全身の力をもって人を圧倒しようとするに、相手が身を傍へ退けて、我
英語訳
Is this not clear evidence that [the sun and moon] rotate horizontally around the Sumeru realm?
**The Fourth Objection: The Luminaries Ride upon the Wind-Wheel**
The question is posed: In the explanation of the Sumeru realm, it is said that the sun and moon ride upon the *ki* (atmosphere/vital air), and that they are observed from within a separate wind-wheel. However, *ki* is by nature something light and floating, and would constantly be in turbulent motion. If so, the positions of the sun and moon would be irregular and inconsistent, making it difficult to calculate the limits of eclipses and the like. How do you respond to this?
The rebuttal states: This objection is greatly mistaken. The reason is this — has your own theory (as cited previously) not already stated: "Ki surrounds and encircles it, rising upward from elsewhere to a height of approximately one hundred and fifty *ri*, and all people and things dwell within it, just as fish have water"? And as was also shown previously, "around the outside of the great earth, there is a living *ki* (atmosphere) that wraps and envelops it." Furthermore, "sunlight shoots directly from the heavenly void, and once it enters within the *ki*, it necessarily undergoes refraction as it comes. In general, the sun, moon, and stars that we see are decidedly not in their true fixed positions." In other words, in your own theory, the sun, moon, and stars shift from their true fixed positions according to the *ki*, and their true images change their location. And yet you say that the human eye sees only those (refracted) images, do you not? Whatever the movement of the wind and air on the earth's surface may be, the fact that the shadows of the luminaries (sun, moon, stars) are imprinted upon the upper surface of this atmosphere according to fixed rules — it is precisely because of this regularity that Western calendrical science, as well as every other system of calendrical calculation, measures the shadow-images of the solar body, lays out its calculations, determines the seasons, the length of days and nights, the degrees of the ecliptic and equatorial ascensions, east-west differences, and predicts solar and lunar eclipses in advance — and all without the slightest discrepancy. If this *ki* were constantly in turbulent motion and the positions of the sun and moon were to be inconsistent and irregular, then your own theory of a spherical earth — far more so than the Sumeru realm you are criticizing — would instantly collapse. An objection of this kind, in attempting to overturn another's position, brings about one's own undoing. It is like a wrestler who attempts to overpower his opponent with the full force of his body, only for his opponent to step aside and let our [wrestler's own momentum bring him down]...
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