英語訳
## Right Page (Page 282)
### Upper Section
O good men, this self-nature body (*svabhāvakāya*) has no beginning and no end. It transcends all characteristics, severs all conceptual elaborations (*prapañca*), is all-pervasive and boundless, and abides in perfect stillness. The enjoyment body (*sambhogakāya*) has two aspects: first, the body of self-enjoyment (*svārthasambhogakāya*), and second, the body of other-enjoyment (*parārthasambhogakāya*).
The body of self-enjoyment: through the ten-thousand practices cultivated over three incalculable eons (*asaṃkhyeyakalpa*) to benefit and bring happiness to all sentient beings, upon reaching the culmination of the tenth stage (*daśabhūmi*), the body moves directly to the Heaven of Akanistha (*Akaniṣṭha-bhavana*), surpassing the pure and wonderful land beyond the three realms. It is enthroned upon countless great jeweled lotus flowers, surrounded before and behind by an assembly of bodhisattvas beyond reckoning, with a pure silken cloth bound upon the crown of its head. It is offered worship, reverence, respect, and praise. This is called "benefit through later retribution." At that time, the bodhisattva enters the *vajra*-samādhi, eliminates all the subtlest obstructions of cognitive obscuration and afflictive obscuration, and realizes *anuttarā-samyak-saṃbodhi* (supreme, perfect enlightenment). This wondrous fruit is called "benefit through immediate realization." This is the true retribution body (*saṃbhogakāya*): it has a beginning but no end, and the number of its eons of lifespan is without limit. From the moment of first attaining perfect enlightenment, throughout the entirety of future time, its faculties and physical marks pervade the whole dharma-realm, and the four wisdoms are fully perfected. This is the true retribution body enjoying the bliss of the Dharma.
O good men, second, the other-enjoyment body of the Tathāgata is endowed with eighty-four thousand physical marks and characteristics, dwells in the truly pure land, and teaches the one-vehicle Dharma, enabling all bodhisattvas to receive and enjoy the sublime bliss of the Mahāyāna. All Tathāgatas confer predictions upon the assemblies of bodhisattvas of the ten stages, manifesting ten kinds of other-enjoyment bodies. The first Buddha-body sits upon a lotus of one hundred petals and teaches the "one-hundred-dharma gateway of illumination" (*śata-dharma-mukha*) for bodhisattvas of the first stage. Having understood this, the bodhisattvas give rise to great supernatural transformations, filling one hundred Buddha-worlds to bring benefit and happiness to numberless sentient beings. The second Buddha-body sits upon a lotus of one thousand petals and teaches the "thousand-dharma gateway of illumination" for bodhisattvas of the second stage. The third Buddha-body sits upon a lotus of ten thousand petals and teaches the "ten-thousand-dharma gateway" for bodhisattvas of the third stage. The other-enjoyment body of the tenth stage...
### Lower Section
...teaches the inexpressible dharma gateway of illumination for bodhisattvas of the tenth stage. O good men, each and every petal of these flowers constitutes one trichiliocosm (*tri-sāhasra-mahā-sāhasra-lokadhātu*), each containing one billion great Sumeru mountain kings, the four great continents, the sun, moon, stars, and all the heavens of the three realms—nothing is lacking. Upon each petal, in each Jambudvīpa, there are vajra thrones and bodhi-tree kings, and a vast number—from hundreds of thousands of millions to the inexpressible—of great and small transformation-bodies of Buddhas. Under each tree, the armies of Māra having been defeated, they all simultaneously realize *anuttarā-samyak-saṃbodhi*. These various great and small transformation-bodies of Buddhas each fully possess the thirty-two major marks and eighty minor characteristics, and for the various bodhisattvas in the stages of accumulation (*sambhāra-mārga*) and the four wholesome roots, as well as the three-vehicle ordinary beings, they teach the sublime Dharma of the three vehicles according to what is appropriate. For those seeking bodhisattvahood, they teach the practices corresponding to the six *pāramitā*s so as to enable them to attain the ultimate Buddha-wisdom of *anuttarā-samyak-saṃbodhi*. For those seeking *pratyekabuddhahood*, they teach the doctrine of the twelve-fold dependent origination. For those seeking the śrāvaka path, they teach the four noble truths, enabling them to transcend birth, aging, sickness, and death, and attain the ultimate nirvāṇa. For the remaining sentient beings, they teach the human and heavenly teachings, enabling them to attain the wondrous fruit of human and heavenly happiness. All such great and small transformation-bodies of Buddhas are together designated "transformation bodies of the Buddha" (*nirmāṇakāya*). O good men, although these two kinds of responsive and transformation Buddha-bodies pass into nirvāṇa, this Buddha-body continues and abides permanently. (End of citation.)
> *The above is from the Contemplation of the Mind-Ground Sūtra (*Xīndì Guānjīng*).*
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### The Three Bodies Have Three Kinds of Permanence
**First: The self-nature body** — permanence of self-nature (also called the *Dharma-body*). True Suchness (*tathatā*) is its body and land.
The self-nature body is the equal basis (*āśraya*) of all Tathāgatas' pure Dharma-realm, enjoyment, and transformation aspects. It is free from characteristics, perfectly still, severs all conceptual elaborations, possesses boundless qualities of true permanence, and is the reality-nature (*dharmatā*) of all phenomena without exception. This self-nature is also called the Dharma-body, because it is the abiding basis (*āśraya*) of all great meritorious dharmas. (And so forth.)
**Second: The enjoyment body** — uninterrupted permanence. This has two kinds: self-enjoyment and other-enjoyment.
1. *Self-enjoyment*: This refers to the boundless, true, and real meritorious qualities arising from the Tathāgatas' cultivation and accumulation over three incalculable eons of immeasurable stores of merit and wisdom, together with the supremely pure and permanent form-body. Continuously, clearly, and undisturbed, throughout the entirety of future time, they constantly and personally receive and enjoy the great bliss of the Dharma. (And so forth.)
2. *Other-enjoyment*: By the wisdom of equality (*samatā-jñāna*), the Tathāgata manifests a subtle and pure meritorious body and dwells in a purely pure land. For the assemblies of bodhisattvas dwelling in the ten stages, he manifests great supernatural powers, turns the wheel of the right Dharma, resolves the net of doubts among beings, and causes those bodhisattvas to receive and enjoy the bliss of Mahāyāna Dharma. Combining these two kinds, they are designated the "enjoyment body" (*sambhogakāya*). (And so forth.)
### Third: The transformation body — continuity-permanence
3. *Transformation body*: Through the wisdom of accomplishing actions (*kṛtyānuṣṭhāna-jñāna*), the Tathāgatas manifest innumerable transformation bodies of various kinds, dwelling in pure and impure lands, and for the assemblies of bodhisattvas who have not yet attained the stages, and for the two-vehicle practitioners and ordinary beings, they manifest supernatural powers and teach the Dharma according to their faculties and capacities, enabling each of them to obtain all the benefits and happiness they need. (And so forth.)
> *The above is from the treatise (i.e., the Cheng Weishi Lun 成唯識論).*
> The *Contemplation of the Mind-Ground Sūtra* says: "In the great eons of three incalculable periods, one perfectly cultivates hundreds of thousands of ascetic practices. Merit and virtue become complete and pervade the Dharma-realm; having reached the ultimate tenth stage, one realizes the three bodies."
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**The Stage of Ultimate Attainment**, also called "Buddha-stage." "Buddha" in full is "Buddha" (*buddho*), translated as "the Awakened One." This is because one awakens oneself, awakens others, and the practice of awakening is completely fulfilled. Also, "Bhagavat" encompasses six meanings, as stated in the Buddhabūmi Lun (treatise on the Buddha-ground): "Sovereignty, blazing splendor, majesty, fame, auspiciousness, and nobility—these six distinct meanings should be
### Lower Section
understood together as the name 'Bhagā'."
Among these, from the single meaning of "nobility," it is also called "Bhagavān" (World-Honored One). (And so forth.)
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**The Three Incalculable Eons** (The *Xuanzán* commentary states: "Good mental continuum fulfills three incalculable eons of kalpas." And so forth.)
- First incalculable eon: The stages of accumulation (*sambhāra-mārga*) and of application (*prayoga-mārga*)
- Second incalculable eon: From the first stage through the seventh stage
- Third incalculable eon: From the eighth stage through the tenth stage
The measure of one incalculable eon: A stone of eight hundred *li* in size, worn away completely by the robes of the Pure-Dwelling Heaven (*Śuddhāvāsa*), equals one *kalpa*. Alternatively, a city eight hundred *li* wide filled to the brim with mustard seeds, each seed removed one by one, exhausted completely, equals one *kalpa*.
The verse says: "This is the realm of no outflows (*anāsrava*), inconceivable, good and permanent, the body of bliss and liberation. The great Sage of Silence (*Mahāmuni*) is named the Dharma."
> *The above concludes the annotations.*
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## The Matter of the Five-Level Consciousness-Only (*Pañca-kāra Vijñaptimātratā*)
### 1. Consciousness-Only that Removes the False and Preserves the Real (*Qiān xū cún shí weishí*)
In the first place, all dharmas do not depart from the one mind; apart from mind there is no separate dharma. Therefore all dharmas outside the mind are entirely and completely nonexistent. Dharmas within the mind are not without their reality; that reality arises through illusion-like dependent origination—not truly existent, yet not completely nonexistent. Like illusory form, sound, smell, taste, and touch; like the illusory eight consciousness-kings and their mental factors—these are examples. Such deceptively appearing things must have their underlying principle. If there were no principle, how could such things exist? And if there were no such things, how could such a principle exist? Things and principle are, it seems, neither identical nor separate. These illusion-like arisen things are designated "the dependent nature" (*paratantra-svabhāva*). The true principle of dependent arising is...
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## Left Page (Pages 283–284)
### Upper Section (continued)
...designated "the perfected nature" (*pariniṣpanna-svabhāva*). These two natures—the dependent and the perfected—are entirely unlike what the ordinary ignorant person imagines. The ordinary person grasps at self and dharmas as truly existing, but the two natures within the mind are not truly an existing self or truly existing dharmas. Or else they dismiss things and principle as completely nonexistent, but the two natures within the mind are not completely nonexistent. The "extremes" referred to here are the false grasping of one extreme or the other—what presents itself to the ordinary person's ordinary viewpoint as a one-sided appearance of existence or of emptiness. These constitute "dharmas outside the mind," which is precisely the "nature of imaginary construction" (*parikalpita-svabhāva*). This exists only as the illusion of a deluded mind and has absolutely no real substance. Thus, by removing the attachment to these two one-sided constructions and preserving the mind's dependent and perfected natures, this is called "Consciousness-Only that Removes the False and Preserves the Real."
### 2. Consciousness-Only that Discards What Overlaps and Retains What Is Pure (*Shě làn liú chún weishí*)
In the previous level (first level), we observed that things and principle are both inseparable from consciousness. However, this inner consciousness has both object and mind: mind arises necessarily by relying on inner objects. Therefore, it might seem equally possible to subsume mind under object and call it "object-only." But we say "consciousness-only" rather than "object-only" because consciousness is exclusively internal while object extends to the external as well. The "external" here refers to the imaginary constructed nature (*parikalpita*). Within the imaginary construction there is the form of the apprehending subject, which appears to be external to the mind but is entirely part of what is constructed; therefore it is subsumed under "object-as-apprehended" and classified generally as an external object. Hence "object" reaches to the external. If one were to speak of "the objects of consciousness-only," this would risk confusion with external objects. Since the mind-substance is purely round and complete, speaking of "consciousness-only" involves no such confusion. Thus, within the contents of inner mind, discarding from among the objects what overlaps with and could be confused with object, and retaining the purely inner mind, and observing this as "consciousness-only," is called "Consciousness-Only that Discards What Overlaps and Retains What Is Pure."
### 3. Consciousness-Only that Gathers in the Subsidiary and Returns to the Root (*Shè mò guī běn weishí*)
In the previous second level, the purely inner mind was retained as "consciousness-only." Although the name of "the objects of consciousness-only" was discarded, the inner object of consciousness-only is not absent. This inner object is called the "image-part" (*nimitta-bhāga*). The functioning of the conditioning cognition that conditions this image-part is called the "perceiving-part" (*darśana-bhāga*). Both these functioning aspects—the perceiving-part and the image-part—exist in dependence upon the mind-substance. Apart from the self-substantive part (*svasaṃvitti*), which is the root of consciousness, the two functioning aspects as derivative dharmas would necessarily be nonexistent. Therefore, gathering in the subsidiary derivative aspects—the image-part and perceiving-part—and returning them to the fundamental mind-substance, taking the self-witnessing part as "consciousness-only," is called "Consciousness-Only that Gathers in the Subsidiary and Returns to the Root."
### 4. Consciousness-Only that Hides the Inferior and Reveals the Superior (*Yǐn liè xiǎn shèng weishí*)
In the previous third level, within the gathering of functioning aspects into substance, there is the mind-king and there are mental factors (*caitta*). The mind-king's substance is supremely excellent; the mental factors' substance is inferior, arising in dependence on the king. Therefore, hiding the inferior mental factors and manifesting the superior mind-king as "consciousness-only" is called "Consciousness-Only that Hides the Inferior and Reveals the Superior."
### 5. Consciousness-Only that Removes Characteristics and Realizes Nature (*Qiān xiàng zhèng xìng weishí*)
In the previous fourth level, within the hiding of the inferior and revealing of the superior, there is the illusion-natured, dependent-nature consciousness (*paratantra vijñāna*) and the perfected-nature consciousness (*pariniṣpanna vijñāna*). The dependent-nature consciousness is the aspect of things; the perfected-nature consciousness is the aspect of principle. Among these two minds of things and principle, because the thing-aspect is merely the functioning form (*prayoga*), it is eliminated and not grasped; because the principle-nature is the substance (*dharmatā*), it is realized as "consciousness-only." This is called "Consciousness-Only that Removes Characteristics and Realizes Nature." These are the Five Levels of Consciousness-Only, established by the Great Master [Kuiji] by citing and drawing upon various scriptures and treatises.
Someone asks: What are the proof-texts for the five levels? Answer: They should be recited according to the Five-Level Gateway texts.
> *End of the Hossō-shū Shoshin Ryakuyō, Volume Two (Lower)*