翻刻
【次コマの絵はブッポウソウだが、ここで説明されている鳴き声はコノハズク】
仏法僧鳥
仏法僧鳥ハ一名三宝鳥ト云フ紀伊高野山及ヒ日光比叡山松ノ尾鳳来寺
等ノ山中に産ス性霊集補 闕（ケツ）抄ニ後夜￣ニ聞＿二仏法僧鳥￣ヲ＿一詩ヲ載曰
閑林￣ニ独￣リ坐￣シテ草堂￣ノ暁 三宝之声聞＿二 一鳥￣ニ＿一
一鳥有＿レ声人有＿レ心 声心雲水俱了々
直按高野山金剛峯寺諸録ニ興山雲堂カ詩ヲ和シテ曰
孤月岑寥廟林暁 三宝風微一霊鳥
叫出￣ス常住実相真 十界声々共了々
日本紀略ニ曰延喜六年八月右大臣修＿二法華八講￣ヲ＿一法＿レ仏僧鳥来鳴 又曰延喜十八年
八月十三日癸丑右大臣忠平於＿二 五条家￣ニ＿一限＿二 五日十座￣ヲ＿二講＿二-説￣ス法華経￣ヲ＿一仏法僧鳥来鳴＿二樹
上￣ニ＿一令＿下二文人￣ヲ＿一咏＿上＿レ詩￣ヲ又曰同十四日甲寅￣ノ夜五条后宮講説之間仏法僧鳥鳴＿二松樹上￣ニ＿一在
座￣ノ詩人賦＿レ詩 《割書：扶桑略記ノ裏書ニ十四日ノ夜五条后宮ノ松林仏法僧鳥鳴｜衆人聞テ奇異トス自去＿二 三日￣ニシテ＿一講＿二法華経#2￣ヲ＿一トアリ》
躬（み）恒集ニ曰延喜十八年八月十三日左大臣ノ家ニ八かうするに仏法僧といふ鳥の鳴けれはよみて
奉るなるうた〽あしひきの、山に住らん、この鳥は、たへにやはなく、いかなれは、しげき
林も。おほかるを、たかき梢も、あまたあれと、はねうちはぶき、とび
すぎて、春夏冬の、時もあるを、君があきしも、紅葉ばの、から
紅に、ふりいてゝ、なくねを、里に、きかせそめつる
山にすみまれに聞ゆる鳥なれは里にも君が秋よりぞなく
その日とも君はつけしもせしものをいかてか鳥のかねてしりけり
殿の御返し左衛門そう源のなかだゝを御使にて
のりを思ふ心し深し入ぬれとさとくも鳥に耳ぞ有けん
入江昌 喜（ヨシ）カ久保 迺取蛇尾（ノスサビ）ニ仏法僧ト云鳥高野山ニハ稀ニ鳴ヨシヲ聞トモ其形ナゾシカ々ノ物ナリト云沙汰モ聞ヱス此鳥ハ
古昔タマ々 籠（コ）中ニ養ヒ翫フ事モアリケルト云リ弁内侍日記曰建久二年二月仏法僧ト鳴鳥大政大臣殿ヨリ参リタルヲ
常ノ御所ノ御覧ニ置レタルカ雨ナソ降日ハコトニ鳴キゲニ其名#3モサヤカニ聞ユ弁内侍
とにかくにかしこき君か御代なれは三ツの宝の鳥も鳴へき
野山名霊集￣ニ 後鳥羽院御製 我国は法（ノリ）いかめしき所にて鳥も仏法僧とこそなけ
野峯風土記 太閤#4秀吉公￣ノ歌 伝へこし鳥も御法を行ひの声は高野に有明の月《割書：此外夫木和哥抄｜ニモ此鳥ノ哥アリ》
此鳥雄ナル者ハ形鳩ノ如ク痩テ小ク頭薄黒ク羽根毛緑色ニシテ腹脊碧緑交咽ノ下碧色翼及尾ノ端
黒色觜細ク鳩ノ如ク脚共ニ赤色也鳴声ブツホウソウト云ト雄ブツホウト鳴ケハ雌ソウ〳〵ト鳴和スルト云フ
契冲カ河社ニ曰仏法僧鳥ノ鳴ヨウハ仏法ト。サワヤカニ二声三声鳴テ後ニ。ヒキク僧ト鳴トナン申ス
雌ナル者ハ同形ニシテ全身淡黒ニ白毛交リ深黒ノ斑アリ喉及ヒ腹白色ニ黒点アリ嘴ウス緑ニシテ脚
淡褐ナリ
田宮氏ノ橘菴漫筆《割書：二｜編》ニ梟（フクロウ）ノ類トスルハ非也蘭山先生ノ説ニ鳩ノ属トス漢名詳カナラズト云リ明ノ
慎 懋（ホウ）官カ華夷鳥獣考ニ九華山志ヲ引テ日念仏鳥大￣サ如＿レ鳩￣ノ羽毛黄褐翠碧 間（マシワリ）而成￣ス＿レ文￣ヲ音韻
清滑如￣シ＿レ誦￣ルカ＿二仏声￣ヲ＿一 一名￣ハ念仏子唐￣ノ韋蟾￣カ詩￣ニ静￣ニ聴￣ク林飛念仏鳥細看￣ル壁画駄経￣ノ馬念仏
鳥此有￣ル＿レ之也 徐氏筆精明ノ范泓カ典籍便覧ニモ此文アリ清ノ王漁洋ガ池北偶談ニ有＿二念仏鳥＿一
中説《割書：略》此念仏鳥ハ仏法僧ノ属ナルヘシ余ハ桃洞遺筆ニ詳ナリ
現代語訳
【次のコマの絵はブッポウソウであるが、ここで説明されている鳴き声はコノハズク（木葉木菟）のものである】
## 仏法僧鳥
仏法僧鳥は、一名を三宝鳥ともいう。紀伊国の高野山、および日光・比叡山・松尾・鳳来寺などの山中に産する。『性霊集補闕抄』に「後夜に仏法僧鳥を聞く」という詩が載せられており、それに曰く、
> 閑かな林に独り坐して草堂の暁、三宝の声を一羽の鳥に聞く。
> 一羽の鳥に声あり、人に心あり、声と心と雲と水と、ともに了々たり。
直按（著者の按）として、高野山金剛峯寺の諸録に、興山雲堂がこの詩に和して曰く、
> 孤月岑寥として廟林の暁、三宝の風微かに、一霊鳥あり。
> 常住実相の真を叫び出す、十界の声々ともに了々たり。
『日本紀略』に曰く、延喜六年（906年）八月、右大臣が法華八講を修した際、仏法僧鳥が来て鳴いた。また曰く、延喜十八年（918年）八月十三日癸丑の日、右大臣忠平が五条の邸において五日間・十座にわたって法華経を講説したところ、仏法僧鳥が樹上に来て鳴いたので、文人たちに詩を詠ませた。また曰く、同月十四日甲寅の夜、五条后宮で講説の最中に仏法僧鳥が松の木の上に鳴き、座にいた詩人たちが詩を賦した。
《割書：扶桑略記の裏書に「十四日の夜、五条后宮の松林に仏法僧鳥鳴く、衆人聞きて奇異とす。三日前より法華経を講じた」とある。》
『躬恒集』に曰く、延喜十八年八月十三日、左大臣の家にて八講をするに、仏法僧という鳥が鳴いたので詠みて奉る歌、
> あしひきの、山に住らん、この鳥は、たへにやはなく、いかなれは、しげき林も。おほかるを、たかき梢も、あまたあれと、はねうちはぶき、とびすぎて、春夏冬の、時もあるを、君があきしも、紅葉ばの、から紅に、ふりいてゝ、なくねを、里に、きかせそめつる
> 山にすみまれに聞ゆる鳥なれは里にも君が秋よりぞなく
> その日とも君はつけしもせしものをいかてか鳥のかねてしりけり
殿（左大臣）の御返し——左衛門佐・源仲忠をお使いとして——
> のりを思ふ心し深し入ぬれとさとくも鳥に耳ぞ有けん
入江昌喜の『久保乃取蛇尾（すさび）』に、「仏法僧という鳥は高野山では稀に鳴くと聞くが、その形がどのような物であるかという沙汰も聞こえない」とある。この鳥は、古昔には時に籠の中で飼い養って愛玩することもあったという。『弁内侍日記』に曰く、建久二年（1191年）二月、仏法僧と鳴く鳥が大政大臣殿より献上されたのを、常の御所にてご覧に置かれたところ、雨などの降る日は格別によく鳴き、まことにその名もさやかに聞こえた。弁内侍の歌、
> とにかくにかしこき君か御代なれは三ツの宝の鳥も鳴へき
『野山名霊集』に、後鳥羽院御製として、
> 我国は法（のり）いかめしき所にて鳥も仏法僧とこそなけ
『野峯風土記』に、太閤秀吉公の歌として、
> 伝へこし鳥も御法を行ひの声は高野に有明の月
《割書：この他、『夫木和歌抄』にもこの鳥の歌がある。》
この鳥の雄は、形が鳩のように痩せて小さく、頭は薄黒く、羽根の毛は緑色で、腹と背は碧緑色が交じり、咽の下は碧色、翼および尾の端は黒色、嘴は細く鳩のように、脚ともに赤色である。鳴き声は「ブッホウソウ」という。雄が「ブッホウ」と鳴くと、雌が「ソウ・ソウ」と鳴き和すともいう。
> 契冲の『河社』に曰く、仏法僧鳥の鳴き様は、「仏法」と爽やかに二声三声鳴いた後に、低く「僧」と鳴くと申す。
雌は同じ形をしており、全身淡黒に白毛が交じり、深黒の斑がある。喉および腹は白色で黒点があり、嘴は薄緑色で、脚は淡褐色である。
田宮氏の『橘菴漫筆』（二編）に、「梟（フクロウ）の類とするのは誤りである。蘭山先生（小野蘭山）の説では鳩の属とされる。漢名は詳かでない」とある。明の慎懋官の『華夷鳥獣考』に、『九華山志』を引いて曰く、「念仏鳥、大きさは鳩のごとく、羽毛は黄褐と翠碧が交じって文をなす。音韻は清滑にして、まるで仏声を誦するがようである。一名を念仏子という。唐の韋蟾の詩に『静かに聴く林に飛ぶ念仏鳥、細かに看る壁画・駄経の馬』とあり、念仏鳥はここに存在する」とある。
『徐氏筆精』、明の范泓の『典籍便覧』にもこの文章がある。清の王漁洋の『池北偶談』に念仏鳥についての記述がある（中説・略）。この念仏鳥は仏法僧の属であろう。余（著者）のことは『桃洞遺筆』に詳しい。
英語訳
【Note by the transcriber: The illustration on the next frame depicts the Broad-billed Roller (ブッポウソウ, *Eurystomus orientalis*), but the bird calls described in the text actually belong to the Japanese Scops Owl (コノハズク, *Otus sunia*).】
## The Buppōsō Bird (仏法僧鳥)
The Buppōsō Bird is also known by the name Sanbō-chō (三宝鳥, "Three Treasures Bird"). It is found in the mountains of Kōya-san in Kii Province (present-day Wakayama), as well as Nikkō, Mount Hiei, Matsunoo, and Hōrai-ji Temple, among other mountain locations.
In the *Shōryōshū Buketsu-shō* (『性霊集補闕抄』, a supplement to Kūkai's collected works), a poem entitled "Hearing the Buppōsō Bird in the Late Night Hours" is included, which reads:
> Sitting alone in the quiet forest, at the dawn of the grass hermitage — the voice of the Three Treasures [Buddha, Dharma, Sangha] is heard from a single bird.
> One bird has its voice; a person has their heart — voice, heart, cloud, and water, all are clear and luminous.
The author's own note records that in the collected records of Kongōbu-ji Temple on Kōya-san, the monk Kōzan Undō composed a poem in response to the above, reading:
> A solitary moon hangs in the still dawn over the forest by the shrine — in a gentle breeze of the Three Treasures, one sacred bird appears.
> It cries out the truth of permanent reality — throughout the ten realms, every sound is clear and luminous.
According to the *Nihon Kiryaku* (『日本紀略』, an abridged chronicle of Japan): In the eighth month of Engi 6 (906 CE), when the Minister of the Right conducted the Eight Lectures on the Lotus Sutra, a Buppōsō Bird came and called. It also records: On the thirteenth day of the eighth month of Engi 18 (918 CE), the day of Kichū, Minister of the Right Tadahira conducted ten sessions of Lotus Sutra lectures over five days at his residence on Gojō Avenue; a Buppōsō Bird came and called from the treetops, and men of letters were commanded to compose poems. It further records: On the night of the fourteenth day of the same month, the day of Kōin, during a lecture at the Gojō Imperial Consort's residence, a Buppōsō Bird called from atop a pine tree, and the poets in attendance composed verses.
《Marginal note: The annotations to the *Fusō Ryakki* (『扶桑略記』) record that on the night of the fourteenth, a Buppōsō Bird cried out in the pine grove of the Gojō Imperial Consort's residence, and those who heard it considered it a marvelous omen. They had been lecturing on the Lotus Sutra for three days prior.》
The *Midzunoto-shū* (『躬恒集』, the poetry collection of Ki no Tomonori) records: On the thirteenth day of the eighth month of Engi 18, while the Eight Lectures were being held at the residence of the Minister of the Left, a bird called the Buppōsō sang, and the following poem was composed and presented:
> [A long poem (chōka) in classical Japanese]: "This bird that must dwell in the mountain-foot hills — why does it not sing with restraint? Though the dense forests are many, and the tall treetops are numerous, spreading its wings and flying past, though there are seasons of spring, summer, and winter, it is in your autumn, my lord, when the maple leaves burn crimson, that it has descended and begun to let its cry be heard in the village."
> [Envoy 1]: "As it is a bird that dwells in the mountains and is rarely heard, it has been crying since your autumn, my lord, even in the village."
> [Envoy 2]: "You did not announce the day, my lord, and yet how did the bird come to know of it in advance?"
The lord's (the Minister of the Left's) reply, delivered through the messenger Gon-no-Saemon-no-suke Minamoto no Nakatada:
> "The heart that thinks of the Dharma is deep indeed — though one may enter [the mountains], how keen is the ear of the bird that perceives it."
In Irie Masayoshi's work *Kubono Susabi* (『久保乃取蛇尾』), it is written: "I have heard that the Buppōsō Bird calls rarely on Kōya-san, but I have heard nothing to indicate what kind of creature its form is." It is also said that in ancient times there were occasions when this bird was kept in a cage and kept as a pet. The *Bен'naishi Nikki* (『弁内侍日記』) records: In the second month of Kenkyū 2 (1191 CE), a bird that calls "Buppōsō" was presented from the residence of the Grand Minister of State and placed on display in the imperial chambers for viewing. On days when rain fell, it called particularly well, and its name could indeed be heard clearly. The poem of Ben'naishi:
> "In any case, as this is the august reign of our exalted lord, even the bird of the Three Treasures will call."
In the *Nozan Meiryō-shū* (『野山名霊集』), the retired Emperor Go-Toba's imperial verse:
> "In our land, where the Law (nori) is stern, even the birds call out 'Buppōsō' (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha)."
In the *Nohō Fudoki* (『野峯風土記』), a verse attributed to Taikō Hideyoshi:
> "The bird that has passed down [its call] — in the practice of the holy Law, its voice [echoes] at Kōya-san in the lingering moonlight of dawn."
《Marginal note: In addition, the *Fuboku Wakashō* (『夫木和歌抄』) also contains poems about this bird.》
The male of this bird is shaped like a dove but lean and small. Its head is slightly dark; the feathers of its wings are green; its abdomen and back are a mixture of blue-green; below the throat is blue; the tips of the wings and tail are black; the beak is slender like a dove's; and the legs are red. Its call is said to be "Bu-ppō-sō." It is also said that when the male calls "Bu-ppō" (Buddha, Dharma), the female responds by calling "Sō, Sō" (Sangha, Sangha).
> In Keichū's *Kawayashiro* (『河社』) it is written: "The manner in which the Buppōsō Bird calls is said to be: it calls 'Bup-pō' clearly and crisply two or three times, and then calls 'Sō' in a lower tone at the end."
The female is of the same form but the entire body is pale black mixed with white feathers, with dark black spots. The throat and abdomen are white with black spots; the beak is pale green; and the legs are pale brown.
In Tamiya's *Kitsuan Manpitsu* (『橘菴漫筆』, vol. 2), it is stated: "To classify it as a type of owl (fukurō) is incorrect. According to the theory of Master Ranzan (Ono Ranzan), it belongs to the dove family. Its Chinese name is not clearly established." In Ming-dynasty scholar Shen Maoguan's (慎懋官) *Huayi Niaoshou Kao* (『華夷鳥獣考』), citing the *Jiuhua Shan Zhi* (『九華山志』), it is written: "The Niànfó-niǎo (念仏鳥,念Buddhabird) is the size of a dove; its feathers are a mixture of yellow-brown and kingfisher blue, forming a pattern. Its sound is clear and smooth, like the chanting of Buddha's name. It is also called Niànfó-zi (念仏子). In the poetry of Tang poet Wéi Chán: 'I quietly listen to the念仏鳥 flying through the forest; I carefully observe the horse in the Buddhist scripture painting on the wall' — the Niànfó-niǎo is present here."
The same text appears in the *Xu Shi Bi Jing* (『徐氏筆精』) and in Ming scholar Fan Hong's (范泓) *Dianji Bianlǎn* (『典籍便覧』). In the Qing-dynasty scholar Wang Yùyáng's (王漁洋) *Chibei Outan* (『池北偶談』), there is a passage about the Niànfó-niǎo (abbreviated here). This Niànfó-niǎo is likely a species related to the Buppōsō. Further details can be found in the author's own work, *Tōdō Ihitsu* (『桃洞遺筆』).