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豊橋市史談 - 翻刻

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【欄外】    豊橋市史談  (王政復古と吉田藩)                    六百四 【本文】          豈東照宮之遺志ならんや左候ハヾ見機先鞭一朝辞権之挙御英図にあらすして如何そや         曰然則此上政権ハ愈以朝廷に帰する歟抑亦幕府に帰する歟否曰諸藩の帰向朝廷に在らハ則幕府と雖         も朝に帰すへく幕府に在らハ則王政と雖も幕府に帰すへし           竊按近来朝と幕と君臣之名正しくして幕と藩と主従之分不定名義之論盛にして直陪之実不明元来          三藩初御譜代之面々徳川一藩中之臣子ニて長州之吉川仙台之片倉と同様之儀ニ有之処一旦東照宮          天下御一匡之上賓礼五家を初歴々外様之面々と一列比肩せしめ三藩ハ殿の文字を加へ国持も時に          下司を名称候惣て万石以上以下大名旗本と申藩中の名を推準し先賓礼を以臣子を遇し随て臣礼を          以て賓士を侍す不定之分不明之実を以天下を籠絡し給ふ時より爾来昇平数百年文教次第ニ相開け          天子諸侯王覇封建之日起りて武徳文教互に相盛衰し殊に外国交際之折柄名分云々之論不起を不得          是亦時勢変遷之自然にて候今将軍英明夙に変遷之時勢を熟察し既に朝幕之名明を正くし復政          辞権之大公を表せらる就ては三藩を初元来臣子之面々一且辞朝帰藩改て陪臣之実分を守さるを不            得是亦上行下準自然之情理ニて候左候ヘハ外様之面々と雖も多分ハ元来足利織田豊臣等之臣僕ニ          て徳川氏に服従以来数百年既に御譜代之衆と一列君臣之礼を執り加封多分恩義殊ニ厚き之輩是迄          幕討尊王攘夷之大典を忌憚し内外之御所置顛倒之様ニも相心得第一御譜代之奮発無之故に自然沈          黙傍観之向々も今般始て御誠意ニ奉感服殊に薩長の激暴忌嫉も追々御譜代の誘引ニ一和一味せさ          るを得す是亦形勢之自然に候抑東照宮一州を以て織田氏に従ひ三国を以て豊臣氏に属し八州に転          封せらる当時外様之内亦右同様心得来候はん即賓礼之五家等比類にて可有之倂寛永屈服之趣に候          へハ悉く比例ニも相当間敷候得共右五家は暫置き其他の衆と雖も惣形勢を主として情義を忘るゝ 【欄外】     発行兼印刷所豊橋市紺屋町四十八番戸参陽印刷合資会社 編輯人中西謙三発行兼印刷人 久野■吉 【左頁】 【欄外】 参陽新報四千七百六号附録     (大正三年六月三十日発行) 【本文】           者は外様之先例有之事に候必しも恩義は墨守せず形勢之向背を第一と為へし御譜代たるもの区々          御譜代の区々と一和を主とせす外様之帰向風誘を専にする可也         詰り此上は朝幕無二公武為一公明正大之道を以て皇国全力を一振するの基本を相立る外帰着有之間         敷候          竊按方今宇内之形勢各国屈強千里比境皇国之独立威徳四海輝耀殆数千年一且彼等凌辱を受けて崎          嶇不振者ハ其初昇平之久武備之廃に因と雖も詰り大藩之屈強尾大不棹朝幕両立之勢を成して政権          一途ニ不出に帰着す蓋し彼嘗て立成算曰今此に一束の薪あり欲折之東の侭にては相叶間敷先東の          侭暫揺動之東縄の急緩を待て急ならハ則其束絶るへし緩なれハ其綱弛むへし追々其中より折れ易          きれの揮て折之初壱本ハ手にて折後にハ其折るものを以其友を襲折す手不痛して力施し易し皆折          て後に改て東之彼か国印を押し可申云々故割拠分争は彼か大幸にして我の大懽也抑又有大懽右等          之喩ハ盖英仏等之策にて可有之英仏をして折角尽力せしめて一挙其国印を押替一巳焚炊之用に供          せんと欲する者ハ魯西亜にて候歟嗚呼方今強上有強弱之肉強之食可懼之世に非也所謂強ハ兵力の          みに限るへからす智仁勇を第一とす方今皇国の人たる者ハ無貴賤無小大捨内怨慮外患小事を忍て          大謀を乱らす分争割拠之原を改て一和一致之本を思ハさるへからす万一区々屈伸之小節を執て彼          固陋之偏義を踐み一旦皇国全州を挙て外患折薪之術中に陥るに至ては則無朝幕無譜外一様犬羊之          臣僕食料と相成噬臍無及也左れハ今般分争割拠之原を改一和一致之本を思ハヽ畢竟分争之端確執          之論起と雖も割拠之實ハ尾大之力に止る此上は曲直之論を一捨し尾大之力を殺減し首をして棹尾          に足り尾をして守首に足らしめ皇国全体之基本を起立するにしくハなし昔東照宮天下御■定之後 【欄外】    豊橋市史談  (王政復古と吉田藩)                        六百五     

現代語訳

【欄外】 豊橋市史談(王政復古と吉田藩)                    六百四 【本文】 これがどうして東照宮の遺志であろうか。そうであるなら、機会を見て先鞭をつけ、一朝にして権力を辞する挙は御英断でなくて何であろうか。 問い:それでは今後政権は益々朝廷に帰するのか、それとも幕府に帰するのか。 答え:諸藩の帰向が朝廷にあるなら幕府といえども朝廷に帰すべきであり、幕府にあるなら王政といえども幕府に帰すべきである。 竊かに按ずるに、近来朝廷と幕府との君臣の名は正しくなったが、幕府と藩との主従の分は不定である。名義の論は盛んになったが、直参と陪臣の実は不明である。元来三藩をはじめ御譜代の面々は徳川一藩中の臣子であって、長州の吉川、仙台の片倉と同様の儀であったところ、一旦東照宮が天下を統一された上で、賓礼をもって五家をはじめ歴々たる外様の面々と一列に比肩させ、三藩には殿の文字を加え、国持も時に下司を名称した。そもそも万石以上以下大名旗本という藩中の名を推し量り、先ず賓礼をもって臣子を遇し、随って臣礼をもって賓士を待遇した。この不定の分、不明の実をもって天下を籠絡し給うた時より、爾来昇平数百年、文教が次第に開け、天子諸侯王覇封建の議論が起こって、武徳と文教が互いに盛衰し、殊に外国交際の折柄、名分云々の論が起こらざるを得なくなった。これもまた時勢変遷の自然である。今将軍英明にして夙に変遷の時勢を熟察し、既に朝幕の名分を正しくし、復政辞権の大公を表された。ついては三藩をはじめ元来臣子の面々は一旦朝廷を辞し藩に帰り、改めて陪臣の実分を守らざるを得ない。これもまた上行下効、自然の情理である。そうであるなら外様の面々といえども多分は元来足利、織田、豊臣等の臣僕であって、徳川氏に服従以来数百年、既に御譜代の衆と一列に君臣の礼を執り、加封も多分で恩義が殊に厚い輩である。これまで幕府が尊王攘夷の大典を忌憚し、内外の御所置が顛倒の様にも心得、第一御譜代の奮発がないゆえに自然沈黙傍観の向きもあったが、今般はじめて御誠意に感服し奉り、殊に薩長の激暴も忌み嫌い、追々御譜代の誘引に一和一味せざるを得ない。これもまた形勢の自然である。そもそも東照宮は一州をもって織田氏に従い、三国をもって豊臣氏に属し、八州に転封された。当時外様のうちもまた右同様に心得来たであろう。即ち賓礼の五家等の比類であるべきである。併しながら寛永屈服の趣であるなら悉く比例にも相当すまいが、右五家はしばらく置き、その他の衆といえども総形勢を主として情義を忘る 【欄外】 発行兼印刷所 豊橋市紺屋町四十八番戸 参陽印刷合資会社 編輯人 中西謙三 発行兼印刷人 久野[■]吉 【左頁】 【欄外】 参陽新報四千七百六号附録     (大正三年六月三十日発行) 【本文】 者は外様の先例があることである。必ずしも恩義を墨守せず、形勢の向背を第一とすべきである。御譜代たるものは区々たる御譜代の区々と一和を主とせず、外様の帰向風誘を専らにするべきである。 詰まりこの上は朝幕無二、公武一体、公明正大の道をもって皇国全力を一振するの基本を相立てる外に帰着はあるまい。 竊かに按ずるに、方今宇内の形勢は各国屈強にして千里境を接し、皇国の独立威徳四海に輝耀すること殆ど数千年であったが、一旦彼等の凌辱を受けて崎嶇不振の者となったのは、その初め昇平久しく武備廃れたことに因るとはいえ、詰まり大藩の屈強、尾大不掉、朝幕両立の勢を成して政権一途に出でざることに帰着する。蓋し彼嘗て立算を成して曰く「今ここに一束の薪がある。これを折ろうと欲するが、束のままでは相叶うまい。先ず束のまま暫く揺り動かし、束ねる縄の急緩を待って、急なれば則ちその束絶え、緩なればその綱弛むべし。追々その中より折れ易きれのを選んで折り、初めは一本を手にて折り、後にはその折るものをもってその友を襲い折る。手痛まずして力施し易し。皆折って後に改めて束ね、彼の国印を押すべし」云々と。故に割拠分争は彼の大幸にして我の大患である。そもそもまた大患があり、右等の喩は蓋し英仏等の策であるべし。英仏をして折角尽力せしめて一挙にその国印を押し替え、一己の焚き炊きの用に供せんと欲する者はロシアであろうか。嗚呼、方今強きの上に強きあり、弱きの肉を強きの食う可畏の世ではないか。所謂強きは兵力のみに限るべからず、智仁勇を第一とする。方今皇国の人たる者は貴賤を問わず小大を問わず、内怨を捨て外患を慮り、小事を忍んで大謀を乱さず、分争割拠の原を改めて一和一致の本を思わざるべからず。万一区々たる屈伸の小節を執ってかの固陋の偏義を踐み、一旦皇国全州を挙げて外患折薪の術中に陥るに至っては、則ち朝幕なく譜外なく一様に犬羊の臣僕食料と相成り、臍を噬むも及ばざるなり。されば今般分争割拠の原を改め一和一致の本を思わば、畢竟分争の端、確執の論起こるといえども、割拠の実は尾大の力に止まる。この上は曲直の論を一捨てし、尾大の力を殺減し、首をして尾を掉うに足らしめ、尾をして首を守るに足らしめ、皇国全体の基本を起立するにしくはなし。昔東照宮が天下御[■]定の後 【欄外】 豊橋市史談(王政復古と吉田藩)                    六百五

英語訳

**Margin:** Toyohashi City Historical Discourse (Imperial Restoration and Yoshida Domain) 604 **Main Text:** How could this be the dying wish of Tōshō-gū (Tokugawa Ieyasu)? If so, then seizing the opportunity to take the initiative and renouncing power in one morning - what could this be if not a wise decision? Question: Then will political power increasingly return to the Imperial Court, or will it return to the bakufu? Answer: If the allegiance of the various domains lies with the Imperial Court, then even the bakufu should return to the Court; if it lies with the bakufu, then even imperial rule should return to the bakufu. Secretly considering: Recently, while the names of sovereign and subject between Court and bakufu have become proper, the master-servant relationship between bakufu and domains remains undefined. The debate over nomenclature has become vigorous, but the reality of direct retainers versus indirect retainers remains unclear. Originally, the Three Domains and other hereditary retainers were vassals within the single Tokugawa domain, in the same position as Yoshikawa of Chōshū and Katakura of Sendai. However, once Tōshō-gū unified the realm, he made them stand shoulder to shoulder with the Five Houses and other distinguished outside lords through guest protocol, adding the character "lord" to the Three Domains, and sometimes having domain holders use humble titles. In general, estimating the names within the domain of daimyo and direct retainers above and below ten thousand koku, first treating vassals with guest protocol, and consequently treating guest-retainers with subject protocol. From the time when he used this indefinite status and unclear reality to win over the realm, through several hundred years of peace that followed, education gradually developed, debates arose about emperors, lords, royal authority, hegemony, and feudalism, with military virtue and civil education alternately rising and declining. Particularly with foreign relations, debates about proper status could not help but arise. This too is natural in the changing times. Now the shogun, being wise and having long observed the changing circumstances, has already corrected the proper relationship between Court and bakufu and demonstrated the great justice of restoring government and renouncing authority. Therefore, the Three Domains and other originally vassal members must temporarily resign from court, return to their domains, and anew observe their actual status as indirect retainers. This too follows the principle of superiors influencing subordinates - natural human sentiment. If so, even the outside lords were mostly originally servants of the Ashikaga, Oda, Toyotomi and others, and since submitting to the Tokugawa house for several hundred years, they have already observed sovereign-subject protocol on equal terms with hereditary retainers, receiving many additional fiefs with particularly deep obligations. Until now, because the bakufu avoided the great ceremony of revering the emperor and expelling barbarians, and domestic and foreign policies seemed confused, and primarily because there was no initiative from hereditary retainers, there were naturally those who remained silent observers. But this time, for the first time being moved by sincere intentions, and particularly detesting the violent extremism of Satsuma and Chōshū, they cannot help but gradually unite and align with the guidance of hereditary retainers. This too is natural given the circumstances. Originally, Tōshō-gū served the Oda with one province, belonged to the Toyotomi with three provinces, and was transferred to eight provinces. At that time, among the outside lords, others probably understood the situation similarly - namely, comparable to the Five Houses of guest protocol. However, if it was a matter of the Kan'ei submissions, not all comparisons would be appropriate. Setting aside those Five Houses for now, even among the others, those who prioritize overall circumstances and forget obligations **Margin:** Publisher and Printing House: Sanyō Printing Partnership Company, 48 Kōya-chō, Toyohashi City. Editor: Nakanishi Kenzō Publisher and Printer: Kuno [■]kichi **Left Page:** **Margin:** Sanyō Newspaper No. 4,706 Supplement (Published June 30, Taishō 3 [1914]) **Main Text:** have precedent among outside lords. They should not necessarily adhere strictly to obligations, but should prioritize the direction of circumstances. Those who are hereditary retainers should not focus on unity among various petty hereditary retainers, but should concentrate on inducing the allegiance of outside lords. In the end, there is no conclusion other than establishing the foundation for unifying the full strength of the imperial nation through the path of no distinction between Court and bakufu, unity of civil and military, and fairness and righteousness. Secretly considering: The current situation in the world has each nation strong and sharing borders across thousands of miles. The imperial nation's independent authority and virtue have shone across the four seas for nearly thousands of years, but temporarily receiving humiliation from them and becoming troubled and weak was initially due to long peace and the abandonment of military preparation. However, it ultimately comes down to the strength of major domains, the tail being too big to wag, creating a situation of both Court and bakufu existing, with political power not emerging in one direction. Indeed, they once made calculations saying: "Now here is a bundle of firewood. We want to break it, but as a bundle it cannot be accomplished. First, while keeping it bundled, shake it temporarily and wait for the binding rope to become tight or loose - if tight, the bundle will break; if loose, the cord will slacken. Gradually select the pieces that are easier to break from within, first breaking one piece by hand, then using what is broken to attack and break its companions. The hand doesn't hurt and strength is easily applied. After breaking them all, rebundle and apply our national seal," and so forth. Therefore, territorial division and strife is their great fortune and our great misfortune. Moreover, there is great misfortune - the above metaphor is probably the strategy of Britain and France. The one who wants to make Britain and France exert great effort, then in one stroke replace their national seal and use it for one's own cooking fuel, is probably Russia. Alas, now there are strong above the strong, and it is a fearsome world where the strong devour the weak. The so-called strong should not be limited to military power alone - wisdom, benevolence, and courage come first. Those who are people of the imperial nation now, regardless of high or low status, regardless of great or small, must abandon internal resentments, consider external threats, endure small matters without disrupting great plans, reform the source of territorial division and strife, and think of the foundation of harmony and unity. Should they seize upon petty matters of submission and resistance, treading the path of stubborn partiality, once the entire imperial nation falls into the foreign threat's firewood-breaking scheme, then without distinction of Court or bakufu, hereditary or outside, all alike will become the food and provisions of dog and sheep servants, and gnashing one's teeth will be of no avail. Therefore, if now the source of territorial division and strife is reformed and the foundation of harmony and unity is considered, though the beginning of strife and debates of stubborn attachment may arise, the reality of territorial division stops at the power of the tail being too big. From now on, there is nothing better than abandoning debates of right and wrong, reducing the power of the big tail, making the head sufficient to control the tail and the tail sufficient to protect the head, and establishing the foundation of the entire imperial nation. Long ago, after Tōshō-gū [established/pacified] the realm **Margin:** Toyohashi City Historical Discourse (Imperial Restoration and Yoshida Domain) 605