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コレクション: 愛知県豊橋市関連資料

豊橋市史談 - 翻刻

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【欄外】    豊橋市史談  (王政復古と吉田藩)                    六百六 【本文】          天子を遵奉して務て殺尾之秘略を用らる大猷公に至て既復古郡県之意召も被為起御事と承存候大          艦築城を禁し要害所々に関所を設け父子妻孥を合して膝下に質す抔漸々に右等之秘略を以て天下          を籠絡し給ふ以来数百年外患来らさるの故を以て内憂起らす况乎当時外患専務之折柄既に大鑑質          妻則弛変候ヘハ要害関所之設も益なく一旦外夷之凌侮を受て其屈辱を伸るに不暇之上ハ質妻之令          殺尾之略共に関東にて所詮難施の勢と存候此上ハ徹底天子を擁して懐玉光を外ニ持玉主殺人と相          応の価物知行を相与て惣て此輩を手に附け玉を神とし神を将軍身の守とし神社を指して質妻之令          上地之沙汰を諸藩え下し天下三分一を以神領とし二を列藩に分与し改て○庶堅實之神域を深曠要          害之地え建立し将軍永大別当となり御譜代初を祢宜社家とし御三藩初大藩を諸州触頭とし然る時          は大綱如斯小条御主とし然後皇国之全体相具尾相適して前文等自然を可得之理勢哉と存候惣て内          を治るは内に居計にてハ内の摸樣難分外ニ出て後に内の治め外何か宜きこと相分昔藤原家経争相          せめき詰り武家の世と成る今薩長と雖松平家と相成処松平家互に相争詰りハ夷狄の世と相成へし          譬へハ一身手足頭腹之脈絡貫通を得る如く始て皇国全土へ全力を及し一身之運用を得るへし於是          罪問之軍懲膺之師唯意之所向一揮不従庶畿内憂外患熄得へく歟         曰抑皇国ハ朝之国歟幕之国歟諸藩ハ朝之臣歟幕之臣歟今幕地初藩之所領一旦献朝諸藩王臣之御沙汰         も可出哉と申候如何曰皇国ハ朝之国にして諸藩ハ幕之臣にて候上地王臣之御沙汰も候ハヽ則前文国         基起立之道ニ可有之一旦献朝すとも復改て可賜之理に候王臣となる雖も幕意を遵奉君臣之情義を不         失候○苦ケ間敷哉          竊按開闢以来太平数千年一旦朝廷此の世の乱雑を被為厭次第雲上ハ御閑居被遊藤原家初大臣歴々之 【欄外】 豊橋市長大口喜六氏は其該博なる智識と不尽の精力傾け豊橋市史編纂に従ふこと一年有余、今や其稿略ぼ成るに際 □□□□□□□□□□□ 【左頁】 【欄外】 此の豊橋市史談は毎周一回(火曜日)に発行し参陽新報読者諸君に進呈す 【本文】          面も摂政等の職名を背負て同様に蟄居被成候折柄此世の御留守居ハ武家と相成郎党臣僕等をして          天下之政治を取扱ハしむる以来治乱散逸して当時徳川之世と相成其初足利氏尾大不棹弱之肉強之          食大藩割拠紛争不止徳川の一藩一旦関八州より起て藩々を呑滅し争乱を蕩除す就中莫大之大藩と          相成藩地之内従来之臣僕其他随従之面々を分封す僅に討洩之諸藩次第に欽手下知を待に至て皇国          一匡す雲上叡威不斜猶又海外用心役を命せらる因て天下制配所を関東に被設即幕府にて候左候へ          ハ皇国は元来朝廷之御国にして武家は此世の御留守居幕府ハ天下之制配所に候幕地則徳川一氏之          藩地藩地中之諸藩ハ却て徳川氏之藩臣にて可有之(注入関八州も亦豊臣氏之藩地此儀大に論す)但          前文討洩之数藩是迄幕府に於て君臣之礼儀を執と雖も元来欽手下知を待而巳にして藩中に不陥此          等僅に朝臣とも可申哉勿論に候普天下之下王土に非るなく率土之浜王臣に非るなし任其直譜否等          ハ元来不分明の儀有之暫置て論へからす扨又宇内之形勢一発皇国一新すへきの折柄前文制配所之          綱紀往々緩急を失ひ用心役儀之一旦不被為届候よりして雲上の朝廷歴々之面々共一旦下遷し給ひ          再解紐之王綱を可被執之御内志因て討洩之数大藩共一巳勤王討幕之謀計を遑せんとす畢竟王土を          盗領し王人を私使する者ハ徳川一氏に限るへからす討洩の数藩等惣て同様之儀に有之候是迄朝廷          之御賄政府之入途徳川一藩にて持来候得共元来雲上御閑居中御弁当御呑湯位之御事故政府之入途          と雖も実ハ家政を推及する同様之儀に付兎に角引足候へ共外国交際盛に相成よりしては固より不          足にて有之候今既に御下遷ましまして王政復古之上柄ハ一同此世を挙て王土王人に復帰せさらる          へかす畢竟是迄雲上御閑楽中に付一同御断にも不及銘々私領私使し御留守居罷在候儀と見込候ハ          ヽ太公至当之筋とも可申哉に候乍去徳川氏ハ二百余年皇国を維持し朝廷此を以て御閑楽万民此を 【欄外】    豊橋市史談  (王政復古と吉田藩)                        六百七

現代語訳

【欄外】 豊橋市史談(王政復古と吉田藩)                    六百六 【本文】 天子を奉戴して、努めて尾を殺す秘略を用いられた。大猷公(徳川家光)に至っては、既に復古・郡県の意向を起こされたとも承り存じている。大型船の建造と築城を禁じ、要所各地に関所を設け、父子・妻子を合わせて膝下に人質とするなど、次第にこれら秘略をもって天下を籠絡し給うた。それ以来数百年、外患が来なかったゆえに内憂も起こらなかった。しかるに当今、外患への専務の折柄、既に大船建造禁止と妻子人質の令が弛緩してしまったので、要害関所の設けも益なく、一旦外夷の凌辱を受けてその屈辱を返す暇もない上は、妻子人質の令も尾を殺す策略も、共に関東においては所詮施しがたい勢いと存じる。この上は徹底して天子を奉戴し、玉(天子)の光を外に向けて持ち、「玉を主とし人を殺す」の意に相応する価値ある知行を与えて、総てこの輩を手中に収め、玉を神とし、神を将軍自身の守りとし、神社を指して妻子人質の令と上地の沙汰を諸藩へ下し、天下の三分の一を神領とし、残る二を列藩に分け与え、改めて堅固な神域を深く広大な要害の地に建立し、将軍が永代別当となり、御譜代をはじめ祢宜・社家とし、御三藩をはじめ大藩を諸州の触頭とする。そうなれば大綱はかくの如く、小条をも御主(天子)とした上で、皇国の全体が互いに相具わり、尾も相適して、前文に述べた自然の理勢を得られるであろうと存じる。総じて内を治めるには、内に居るばかりでは内の模様がわかりにくく、外に出た後に初めて内の治め方と外の何が宜しいかが分かるものである。昔、藤原家が権力を争ったがために詰まるところ武家の世となった。今、薩長といえども松平家(徳川家)と相争えば詰まるところ夷狄の世となるべきである。譬えれば、一身において手足・頭・腹の脈絡が貫通を得るように、始めて皇国全土へ全力を及ぼし、一身の運用を得るべきである。ここにおいて、罪を問う軍、懲らしめる師は、ただ意の向かうところ一揮するだけで、庶くは畿内の憂いと外患とを熄め得るのではなかろうか。 問い:そもそも皇国は朝廷の国か、幕府の国か。諸藩は朝廷の臣か、幕府の臣か。今、幕府の直轄地をはじめ各藩の所領を一旦朝廷に献上し、諸藩を王臣とする御沙汰も出るべきかと申すが、いかが。 答え:皇国は朝廷の国であり、諸藩は幕府の臣である。上地・王臣の御沙汰があるならば、則ち前文の国基起立の道に有るべきであり、一旦献上するとも、また改めて賜るべき理である。王臣となるといえども、幕府の意を奉じ君臣の情義を失わないこと、苦しゅうはあるまい。 竊かに按ずるに、開闢以来太平数千年、一旦朝廷がこの世の乱雑を厭われ、次第に雲上(天皇・公家)は御閑居され、藤原家をはじめ大臣歴々の 【欄外】 豊橋市長大口喜六氏はその該博なる知識と不尽の精力を傾け、豊橋市史編纂に従うこと一年有余、今やその稿略ぼ成るに際し□□□□□□□□□□□ 【左頁】 【欄外】 この豊橋市史談は毎週一回(火曜日)に発行し参陽新報読者諸君に進呈す 【本文】 面々も摂政等の職名を背負って同様に蟄居される折柄、この世の御留守居は武家となり、郎党・臣僕等をして天下の政治を取り扱わしめた。それ以来、治乱散逸して当時徳川の世となった。その初め足利氏は尾大にして棹わず、弱肉強食・大藩割拠・紛争止まず、徳川の一藩が一旦関八州より起って藩々を呑み滅ぼし、争乱を蕩除した。就中、莫大の大藩となり、藩地の内の従来の臣僕その他随従の面々を分封した。僅かに討ち洩らした諸藩が次第に欽んで手下知を待つに至って皇国を一匡した。雲上の叡威を傾けてなお又、海外用心役を命じられた。因って天下制配所を関東に設けられた。即ち幕府である。そうであれば、皇国は元来朝廷の御国であり、武家はこの世の御留守居であり、幕府は天下の制配所である。幕地すなわち徳川一氏の藩地であり、藩地中の諸藩はかえって徳川氏の藩臣であるべきである(注:関東入国もまた豊臣氏の藩地であり、この儀については大いに論ずべし)。ただし、前文の討ち洩らした数藩は、これまで幕府において君臣の礼儀を執るとはいえ、元来欽んで手下知を待つのみにして藩中に落ちてはいない。これら僅かに朝臣とも申すべきであろうか。もちろんのことである。「普天の下、王土に非るなく、率土の浜、王臣に非るなし」(天下の至るところ王の土地であり、国土の果てまで王の臣でない者はいない)。直参か否かなどは元来不分明な儀があり、しばらく置いて論ずべきではない。さて又、宇内の形勢が一発して皇国を一新すべき折柄、前文の制配所の綱紀が往々にして緩急を失い、用心役の儀が一旦行き届かなくなったことより、雲上の朝廷歴々の面々共が一旦下遷され、再び解かれた紐の如き王綱を執るべき御内志があった。因って討ち洩らした数大藩が一己の勤王・討幕の謀計を遑(いとま)んとした。畢竟、王土を盗領し、王人を私使する者は徳川一氏に限るべきではなく、討ち洩らした数藩等総て同様の儀にある。これまで朝廷の御賄い・政府の入途は徳川一藩にて持ち来ったとはいえ、元来、雲上御閑居中の御弁当・御呑湯(お茶)程度の御事であるから、政府の入途といえども実は家政を推し及ぼした同様の儀であり、とにかく引き足りたとはいえ、外国交際が盛んになってからは固より不足であった。今既に御下遷(天皇の行幸)ましまして王政復古の上は、一同この世を挙げて王土・王人に復帰させなければならない。畢竟、これまで雲上御閑楽中であったため、一同御断りにも及ばず銘々私領・私使して御留守居罷りあった儀と見込めば、太公(きわめて公正な)至当の筋とも申すべきであろうか。しかるながら徳川氏は二百余年皇国を維持し、朝廷はこれをもって御閑楽され、万民はこれを 【欄外】 豊橋市史談(王政復古と吉田藩)                    六百七

英語訳

**Margin:** Toyohashi City Historical Discourse (Imperial Restoration and Yoshida Domain) 606 **Main Text:** Revering the Emperor, they employed the secret stratagem of suppressing the tail (reducing the power of large domains). It is understood that by the time of Taiyū-kō (Tokugawa Iemitsu), the intention of restoring the ancient system of prefectures had already arisen. They prohibited the construction of large ships and castle-building, established checkpoints at key locations, and kept wives and children together as hostages near the shogun's seat, gradually using these secret stratagems to bring the realm under control. For the several hundred years since then, because no foreign threats came, internal troubles did not arise either. However, in the current situation where foreign threats demand full attention, since the prohibitions on large ships and the hostage-wife system have already relaxed, the checkpoints and fortifications serve no purpose. Once having suffered humiliation from foreign barbarians with no time to redress the shame, both the hostage-wife decree and the tail-suppression strategy are, in my estimation, effectively impossible to implement in the Kantō. From now on, the best course is to thoroughly uphold the Emperor, turn the imperial radiance outward, distribute appropriate stipends according to the principle of "holding the jewel as lord and killing with men," bring all these parties under control, make the jewel (Emperor) sacred, make the sacred a protector of the shogun himself, issue decrees to the domains concerning hostage requirements and land surrenders pointing to shrines, make one-third of the realm shrine domain, distribute the remaining two-thirds among the domains, establish firm sacred precincts in strategically deep and vast locations, have the shogun become the permanent chief administrator, designate hereditary retainers and others as shrine priests and shrine families, designate the Three Domains and other large domains as heads for each province. Then the great principles being thus established, and with all minor matters also under the Lord (Emperor), the whole of the imperial nation will be mutually complete, the tail will also be appropriately positioned, and I believe the natural principles of reason and circumstances described in the foregoing text will be achieved. In general, governing the interior cannot be understood by remaining inside alone — it is only after going outside that one can understand how to govern the interior and what is best from without. In ancient times, because the Fujiwara clan fought for power, it ultimately became the age of warriors. Now, even if Satsuma and Chōshū fight against the Matsudaira (Tokugawa) house, it will ultimately become the age of foreign barbarians. As if the arteries and veins connecting hands, feet, head, and abdomen of a single body achieve proper circulation, only then can the full strength reach the entire imperial nation and the body function as one. At that point, armies to punish crimes and forces to chastise wrongdoers, with just one sweep in the direction of intention, may perhaps extinguish both domestic troubles and foreign threats. Question: To begin with, is the imperial nation the nation of the Court or of the bakufu? Are the domains subjects of the Court or of the bakufu? It is said that the shogun's direct territories and the landholdings of the various domains should be surrendered to the Court and that a decree making the domains royal subjects might be issued — what do you say? Answer: The imperial nation is the nation of the Court, and the domains are subjects of the bakufu. If there is a decree for land surrender and royal subjects, then it follows the path of establishing the national foundation as described in the foregoing text. Even if surrendered once, there is good reason to have it returned again. Even if they become royal subjects, there is no hardship in following the bakufu's intentions and not losing the bonds of loyalty between lord and subject. Secretly considering: Since the founding of the realm, through several thousand years of peace, once the Court grew weary of the disorder of the world, and gradually the noble ranks (Emperor and court nobles) retired into seclusion, the Fujiwara clan and other successive ministers — **Margin:** Mayor of Toyohashi City, Mr. Ōguchi Kirokushū, pouring his extensive knowledge and inexhaustible energy into the compilation of the Toyohashi City History for over a year, now that the draft is nearly complete, [text damaged]... **Left Page:** **Margin:** This Toyohashi City Historical Discourse is published once a week (Tuesdays) and presented to readers of the Sanyō Newspaper. **Main Text:** — bearing titles such as regent, similarly went into seclusion. During this time, warriors became the caretakers of the realm, and retainers and servants were made to handle the politics of the land. From that time onward, through cycles of order and disorder, it eventually became the age of the Tokugawa. In its beginning, the Ashikaga had a tail too large to control; it was a world of the strong devouring the weak, with major domains dividing the land and strife not ceasing. The single Tokugawa domain rose from the eight Kantō provinces, swallowed up the various domains, and swept away the conflict. Above all, having become an enormous domain, they distributed enfeoffments among their traditional retainers and followers within the domain territory. When the few remaining domains that had not been subjugated gradually came to respectfully await instructions, the imperial nation was unified. Invoking the imperial prestige of the noble ranks, they were further commissioned as guardians against overseas threats. Therefore a control station for the realm was established in Kantō — this is the bakufu. That being the case, the imperial nation is fundamentally the imperial domain of the Court, the warrior houses are the realm's caretakers in this world, and the bakufu is the control station of the realm. The bakufu's direct territory is the domain territory of the Tokugawa house alone, and the various domains within that domain territory are in fact to be considered retainers of the Tokugawa house. (Note: The eight Kantō provinces upon entry were also Toyotomi domain territory; this matter should be argued at length.) However, the few domains not subjugated, as mentioned above, though they observed the proprieties of lord and subject with the bakufu, were originally merely waiting respectfully for instructions and did not fall under direct domain administration — these might perhaps be called Court subjects to a small degree. Of course: "Beneath the whole sky, there is no land that is not the king's land; across all the shores of the realm, there is no one who is not the king's subject." Whether one is a direct retainer or not has always been unclear in the first place, so this should be set aside for now without further argument. Furthermore, at a juncture when the world situation demands the imperial nation be entirely renewed at once, the discipline of the aforementioned control station having repeatedly lost its proper tension, and from the time when the guardianship duties became temporarily inadequate, the nobles of the Court all temporarily withdrew, harboring the inner intention to take up again the loosened cord of royal authority. Accordingly, several major surviving domains sought to pursue on their own plans of serving the Emperor and overthrowing the bakufu. After all, those who steal royal land and make private use of royal subjects are not limited to the Tokugawa house alone — the several surviving domains are all similarly situated. Although the Court's provisions and the government's revenues have hitherto been maintained by the single Tokugawa domain, since the noble ranks were originally in quiet retirement, it was at the level of providing meals and tea, so that even the government's revenues were effectively the same as extending household management. In any case, though it sufficed, from when foreign intercourse became active, it was of course insufficient. Now that the Emperor has descended (made a progress) and royal governance has been restored, everyone must restore the entire realm to royal land and royal subjects. After all, since all this time the noble ranks were in comfortable retirement, if we take the view that everyone managed their own territories and made private use of them without the need to report this — acting as caretakers of the realm — this might be called the most equitable course. Nevertheless, the Tokugawa house maintained the imperial nation for over two hundred years; the Court was able to enjoy peaceful retirement because of this, and the common people through this... **Margin:** Toyohashi City Historical Discourse (Imperial Restoration and Yoshida Domain) 607