翻刻
サレド尺度ハタンノヽ広クナルユヘ天上ニ至
リテハ何ホドヽイフコトヲ知ラズ
弼当テ聞ク凡テ星ノ高低ヲハカルニハ象限儀
ヲ用ユルコト常ナレトモ北極出地ノ眞？度ヲハ
カルニハ計盤ヲ用ヒテ其日ノ正午時ヲ得テ象
限儀ヲ用ヒテ日景ヲ測量シテ知ルヘキナリ此
等ノヿハ其人ニ就ヒテ学ブヘシ
北斗
三代ノ正朔夏后氏ハ建寅月ヲ用ヒ殷人ハ建丑
ヲ用ヒ周人ハ建子ヲ用ユトイフコトモト北斗
揺光【左ルビ：ハグレ】ノ建ス方ニヨルトイフコトナリ然ルニ子
丑寅三正ノコト三代ニ肇マルニアラズモト伏
義神農黄帝ノ正朔ナリ伏義ハ建子ヲ用ヒ神農
ハ建寅ヲ用ヒ黄帝ハ建丑ヲ用ユトイフ朱子曰
乕節分＿ニ十二会＿一言天開＿ニ於子＿一地闢＿ニ於丑＿一人生＿ニ於寅￣ニ＿一蓋【盖：蓋の異体字】
天運至＿レ子始有＿レ天至＿レ丑始有＿レ地至＿レ寅始有＿レ人是天地
人始＿ニ於此＿一故三代即＿ニ其始＿一處建以如正ト朱子ノ此
説ニヨレハ三代正朔ノコト全ク北斗ノ建ス方
ニヨルトイフニハアラズ天地人ノ始處ヲ用ヒ
タルナリ此説確トシテ易フヘカラズ人或ヒハ
現代語訳
しかし尺度は単に広くなるゆえ、天上に至っては何ほどということを知らず。
弼当て聞く、凡て星の高低を測るには象限儀を用いることが常であるけれども、北極出地の真の度を測るには計盤を用いてその日の正午時を得て、象限儀を用いて日景を測量して知るべきである。この等のことはその人に就いて学ぶべし。
北斗
三代の正朔、夏后氏は建寅月を用い、殷人は建丑を用い、周人は建子を用いるということも、元々北斗の揺光（はぐれ）の建す方によるということである。然るに子丑寅三正のこと、三代に始まるにあらず、元々伏羲・神農・黄帝の正朔なり。伏羲は建子を用い、神農は建寅を用い、黄帝は建丑を用いるという。朱子曰く「一歳を十二会に分け、天は子において開き、地は丑において闢き、人は寅において生ず。蓋し天運子に至りて始めて天有り、丑に至りて始めて地有り、寅に至りて始めて人有り。これ天地人此において始まる。故に三代その始まる処に即して建てて以て正と為す」と。朱子のこの説によれば、三代正朔のこと、全く北斗の建す方によるというにはあらず、天地人の始まる処を用いたるなり。この説確として変えるべからず。人あるいは
英語訳
However, since the scale simply becomes broader, when it comes to the heavens above, we do not know how much it amounts to.
Concerning the observation methods I have heard: Generally, to measure the height of stars, the quadrant is commonly used, but to measure the true degrees of the north pole's elevation above ground, one should use a compass to determine the exact noon time of that day, then use a quadrant to measure the sun's shadow to know this. Such matters should be learned from an expert.
The Big Dipper
Regarding the calendars of the Three Dynasties: the Xia dynasty used the jianyin month, the Yin people used jianchou, and the Zhou people used jianzi. This was originally based on the direction indicated by Yaoguang (the seventh star) of the Big Dipper. However, the matter of the three systems of zi, chou, and yin did not begin with the Three Dynasties, but originally came from the calendars of Fuxi, Shennong, and the Yellow Emperor. Fuxi used jianzi, Shennong used jianyin, and the Yellow Emperor used jianchou. Zhu Xi said: "Dividing the year into twelve assemblies, heaven opened at zi, earth opened at chou, and humans were born at yin. When the celestial movement reaches zi, heaven begins to exist; when it reaches chou, earth begins to exist; when it reaches yin, humans begin to exist. This is where heaven, earth, and humanity begin. Therefore, the Three Dynasties established their systems based on these beginning points to create their calendars." According to Zhu Xi's theory, the matter of the Three Dynasties' calendars was not entirely based on the directions indicated by the Big Dipper, but rather used the starting points of heaven, earth, and humanity. This theory is firm and should not be changed. Some people perhaps...