一　仁王護国経疏三巻 - 翻刻

翻刻

【割書内の「[考]」は四角囲み文字】
【右頁上段】
說也思＿レ之。
常修＿二 一切行＿一滿＿二功德藏＿一入＿二婆伽度＿一位亦復常住＿二佛慧三
昧＿一　疏云。常修一切行下第三結＿二觀位＿一。入婆伽度者。此
云＿二施德地＿一。以＿二能雲雨說法＿一故亦名＿二破度地＿一。定惠具足故
云＿二佛惠三昧＿一也。《割書：文》
善男子如＿レ是諸菩薩皆能一切十方諸如來國土中化＿二衆
生＿一正說＿二正義＿一受持讀誦解＿二-達實相＿一如＿二我今日＿一等無＿レ有＿レ
異　疏云。善男子如是下正答中有＿二 三章＿一。初略答。二廣
答。二段畢。今第三惣結有＿レ 三。初明＿三 十三法師能弘＿二-化大
乘＿一。故云＿二如是諸菩薩皆能一切十方化導衆生＿一也。演說
正義下第二明＿三 十三法師能說＿二正義＿一。正義者卽諸法實相
也。如我下第三明＿二所說無＿一レ異。此異明＿二 十三人能化齋＿一レ佛
故云＿二等無有異＿一。《割書：文》
佛告＿二波斯匿王＿一我當滅度後法欲＿二滅盡＿一時諸国王等皆
應＿下受＿二-持是般若波羅蜜＿一大作＿中佛事＿上 一切國土安立萬性
《割書：[考]性｜疑姓》快樂皆由＿二此般若波羅蜜＿一是故付＿二-囑諸國王＿一不＿レ付＿二-
囑比丘比丘尼淸信男淸信女＿一何以故無＿二王威力＿一故故不＿レ

【右頁下段】
付＿二-囑汝＿一當＿下受持讀誦解＿中其義理＿上　疏云。佛告波斯匿王
下。答＿レ問中大段第二勸＿レ持。文有＿二 七段＿一。第一略擧＿二時節＿一以
明＿下付＿二-囑王＿一不＿レ付＿二-囑餘人＿一之意＿上。中有＿レ 二。初明＿下付＿二-囑國
王＿一受＿中-持般若＿上。二不付囑比丘下次明＿下無＿レ有＿二王力勢＿一所以
不＿二付囑＿一但令＿中受持讀誦解＿中-釋其義理＿上。不＿レ王有＿二 二義＿一。一
能化＿二難化衆生＿一。二利＿二-益大人＿一如＿二風靡＿一レ草。比丘無＿二此等
力＿一故不＿レ可＿レ付。
大王吾今所＿レ化百億須彌百億日月一一須彌有＿二 四天下＿一
其南閻浮提有＿二 十六大國五百中國十千小國＿一　第二明＿下
弘＿二-說般若＿一處＿上。云＿二大王吾今所化百億須彌山等＿一。惣明＿二閻
浮提處＿一也。其南閻浮提下別明＿二諸國土＿一。《割書：文》　如＿レ文思＿レ之。
私云。萬國餘名＿二大國＿一。萬國以下四千已上云＿二 中國＿一。三千
已下七百已上云＿二小國＿一 六百已下二百已上云＿二粟散國＿一。百
國不＿レ足云＿レ島國￣トハ不＿レ云。唐土千九百四十四ヶ國有＿レ之故
云＿二小國＿一。日本￣ハ島非＿二國内＿一而白《割書：[考]白｜疑百》濟國日羅上人聖德太
子禮拜時。敬禮救世音傳燈東方粟散王從＿二於西方＿一來誕
生演＿二-說妙法＿一度＿二衆生＿一。《割書：云云》自＿レ是日本粟散國￣ノ内￣ニ入￣ルト。《割書：云云》

【左頁上段】
以上祕藏事也。常大中小事未勘也。輒不＿レ可＿レ弘。
其國土中有＿二 七可＿レ畏難＿一 一切國王爲＿二是難＿一故講＿二-讀般若
波羅蜜＿一 七難卽滅七福卽生萬性《割書：[考]性｜疑姓》安樂帝王歡喜　其
國土中下。第三明＿二 七難＿一。文有＿レ 二。初惣明＿下法力能滅＿二 七
難＿一生＿中 七福＿上。文顯也。
云何爲＿レ難日月失＿レ度時節返逆或赤日出黑日出二三四
五日出或日蝕無＿レ光或日輪一重二三四五重輪現當＿二變
恠時＿一讀＿二-誦此經＿一爲＿二 一難＿一也　疏云。從＿二云何爲難＿一 下。別
列＿二 七難＿一明＿二經力能滅＿一。言＿二 七難＿一者。一日月失度。二星宿
變異。三火災。四水災。五風災。六旱災。七賊。第一日月難
内有＿二 十四＿一。一明＿二失度＿一。不＿レ依＿二常道＿一。名＿二失度。二明＿二時節返
逆＿一。三赤日出。四黑日出。五二日出。六三日出。七四日出。
八五日出。九日蝕。十日一重輪。十一兩重輪。十二三重
輪。十三四重輪。十四五重輪。如＿レ此等十四種皆是災難。
飢餓刀兵疾疫想也。《割書：文》
二十八宿失＿レ度金星彗星輪星鬼星火星水星風星刀星
南斗北斗五鎭大星一切國主星三公星百官星如＿レ是諸

【左頁下段】
星各各變現讀說《割書：[考]說下脫此｜經二字歟》爲＿二 二難＿一也。　第二星宿難。廿
八者。四方各有＿レ 七。四七廿八也。失度者。行不＿レ依＿二常道＿一故
云＿二失度＿一。金星者太白星也。三藏師云。外國名＿二 天師星＿一。如＿レ
理行豊。失＿レ度則儉。彗星者外國名＿二閻羅王星＿一。此星隨＿二所
出處＿一必有＿二災難＿一也。輪星者有＿レ暉如＿レ輪。若日月五星破＿二輪
星中央＿一。則國土分散。日月在＿二輪星右＿一行。則國土安樂也。
左行亦不＿レ好也。鬼星者。九月中日沒在＿二東北＿一。若行駃。是
過＿二時節＿一。若近上。則鬼神來破＿レ國病＿レ 人。火星者熒惑星也。
此主＿レ賊。若其高則賊起。若下則賊伏。若在＿二子處＿一則下。若
在＿レ午爲＿レ高。水星者卽是濕星。亦是太白星。若在＿レ寅爲＿レ 下。
若在＿レ申爲＿レ高。一處卅日行。十二月得＿二 一周＿一。從＿二鷄狗猪鼠
四處＿一行無＿レ水。從＿二兎蛇羊猴四處＿一行則水多。從＿二牛虎龍馬
四處＿一行平水。平水則不＿レ多不＿レ少。風星者卽昴星。在＿二虎處＿一
則高。一處卅日行。猴處行則下。若高多＿レ風无＿レ雨。若下多＿レ
雨少＿レ風。七月高正月下。八月至＿二正月＿一漸漸下。二月至＿二 七
月＿一漸漸高。隨＿二日行＿一則有＿二 三種＿一。二月三月八月九月同＿レ日
行。十月十一月十二月正月。此四月在＿二日前＿一行。四月五

現代語訳

【右頁上段】
説なり。よく考えよ。

常に一切の行を修し、功徳蔵を満たして婆伽度位に入り、また常に仏慧三昧に住す。疏に云う、「常に一切行を修す」以下は第三に観位を結ぶ。「婆伽度に入る」とは、これを「施徳地」と云う。能く雲雨のように説法する故に、また「破度地」と名づく。定慧が具足する故に「仏慧三昧」と云うなり。

善男子、このような諸菩薩は皆能く一切十方の諸如来の国土中において衆生を化し、正義を正しく説き、受持読誦して実相を解達すること、我が今日の如く等しく異なることがない。疏に云う、「善男子このように」以下の正答中に三章がある。初めに略答、二に広答、二段が終わる。今第三に総結があり三つある。初めに十三法師が能く大乗を弘化することを明かす。故に「このような諸菩薩は皆能く一切十方において衆生を化導する」と云うなり。「正義を演説す」以下第二に十三法師が能く正義を説くことを明かす。正義とは即ち諸法実相なり。「我が如く」以下第三に説く所に異なりがないことを明かす。この異は十三人が能く仏を化斉することを明かす故に「等しく異なることがない」と云う。

仏が波斯匿王に告げて言う、「我が滅度の後、法が滅尽せんとする時、諸国王等は皆応にこの般若波羅蜜を受持して大いに仏事を作すべし。一切国土を安立し、万姓を快楽にすること、皆この般若波羅蜜による。是の故に諸国王に付嘱し、比丘比丘尼清信男清信女に付嘱しない。何故かというと、王の威力がないからである。故に

【右頁下段】
汝に付嘱しない。当にその義理を受持読誦解すべし」。疏に云う、「仏が波斯匿王に告げ」以下。問いに答える中の大段第二は勧持である。文に七段がある。第一に略して時節を挙げて、王に付嘱し余人に付嘱しない意を明かす。中に二つある。初めに国王に付嘱して般若を受持することを明かす。二に「比丘に付嘱しない」以下次に王力勢がないので付嘱せず、但だ受持読誦してその義理を解釈せしむることを明かす。王でないことに二つの義がある。一に難化の衆生を化すことができる。二に大人を利益すること風が草を靡かせるが如し。比丘にはこれ等の力がない故に付すべからず。

大王よ、吾が今化する所の百億須弥、百億日月、一一の須弥に四天下があり、その南閻浮提に十六大国、五百中国、十千小国がある。第二に般若を弘説する処を明かす。「大王よ、吾が今化する所の百億須弥山等」と云う。総じて閻浮提の処を明かすなり。「その南閻浮提」以下は別して諸国土を明かす。文の如く考えよ。

私に云う。万国余を「大国」と名づく。万国以下四千已上を「中国」と云う。三千已下七百已上を「小国」と云う。六百已下二百已上を「粟散国」と云う。百国足らざるを島国と云うとは云わず。唐土に千九百四十四ヶ国これ有る故に「小国」と云う。日本は島にして国内に非ず。而るに百済国日羅上人が聖徳太子に礼拝する時、「敬礼救世音、伝燈東方粟散王、西方より来たりて誕生し、妙法を演説して衆生を度す」と。これより日本は粟散国の内に入るという。

【左頁上段】
以上は秘蔵の事なり。常に大中小の事は未だ勘えず。軽々しく弘むべからず。

その国土中に七つの畏るべき難がある。一切国王はこの難の為の故に般若波羅蜜を講読す。七難即ち滅し、七福即ち生じ、万姓安楽にして帝王歓喜す。「その国土中」以下。第三に七難を明かす。文に二つある。初めに総じて法力が能く七難を滅し七福を生ずることを明かす。文は顕らかなり。

何を難と為すか。日月が度を失い、時節が返逆し、或いは赤日が出、黒日が出、二三四五日が出、或いは日蝕して光がなく、或いは日輪が一重二三四五重の輪となって現れ、変怪の時に当たって、この経を読誦するを一難と為すなり。疏に云う、「何を難と為すか」以下。別して七難を列挙し、経力が能く滅することを明かす。「七難」と言うは、一に日月失度、二に星宿変異、三に火災、四に水災、五に風災、六に旱災、七に賊である。第一の日月難の内に十四がある。一に失度を明かす。常道に依らざるを失度と名づく。二に時節返逆を明かす。三に赤日出。四に黒日出。五に二日出。六に三日出。七に四日出。八に五日出。九に日蝕。十に日一重輪。十一に両重輪。十二に三重輪。十三に四重輪。十四に五重輪。このような十四種は皆これ災難である。飢餓刀兵疾疫を想うなり。

二十八宿が度を失い、金星彗星輪星鬼星火星水星風星刀星、南斗北斗五鎮大星、一切国主星三公星百官星、このような諸

【左頁下段】
星が各各変現し、読説するを二難と為すなり。第二の星宿難。廿八とは、四方各に七がある。四七で廿八なり。失度とは、行が常道に依らない故に失度と云う。金星とは太白星なり。三蔵師が云う、外国では「天師星」と名づく。理の如く行けば豊か、度を失すれば饉える。彗星とは外国では「閻羅王星」と名づく。この星は出る処に随って必ず災難がある。輪星とは輝きがあって輪の如し。若し日月五星が輪星の中央を破れば、則ち国土分散す。日月が輪星の右に在って行けば、則ち国土安楽なり。左行もまた良くない。鬼星とは、九月中日没して東北に在る。若し行くこと駃ければ、これは時節を過ぎる。若し上に近づけば、則ち鬼神来たって国を破り人を病ます。火星とは熒惑星なり。これは賊を主る。若しその高ければ則ち賊起こる。若し下なれば則ち賊伏す。若し子の処に在れば則ち下、若し午に在れば高と為す。水星とは即ちこれ湿星なり。また太白星なり。若し寅に在れば下と為し、若し申に在れば高と為す。一処に卅日行く。十二月で一周を得る。鶏狗猪鼠の四処より行けば水なし。兎蛇羊猴の四処より行けば則ち水多し。牛虎龍馬の四処より行けば平水なり。平水は則ち多からず少なからず。風星とは即ち昴星なり。虎の処に在れば則ち高し。一処に卅日行く。猴の処を行けば則ち下なり。若し高ければ風多くして雨なし。若し下なれば雨多くして風少なし。七月高く正月下なり。八月より正月に至って漸漸下がる。二月より七月に至って漸漸高くなる。日行に随えば則ち三種がある。二月三月八月九月は日と同じく行く。十月十一月十二月正月、この四月は日の前に在って行く。四月五

英語訳

【Upper section of right page】
This is the explanation. Think carefully about it.

Constantly cultivating all practices, fulfilling the treasury of merit, entering the bhāgaduta position, and also constantly dwelling in Buddha-wisdom samādhi. The commentary says: From "constantly cultivating all practices" below is the third conclusion of contemplative position. "Entering bhāgaduta" means this is called "Ground of Bestowing Virtue." Because one can teach the dharma like clouds and rain, it is also called "Ground of Breaking Through." Because concentration and wisdom are complete, it is called "Buddha-wisdom samādhi."

Good son, such bodhisattvas are all able to transform sentient beings in the buddha-lands of all tathāgatas in the ten directions, correctly expound right principles, receive, uphold, recite and comprehend the true characteristics, equal to me today without any difference. The commentary says: From "Good son, like this" below, the direct answer has three chapters: first brief answer, second detailed answer, the two sections conclude. Now the third general conclusion has three parts. First clarifying that the thirteen dharma-masters can propagate and transform the Mahāyāna. Therefore saying "such bodhisattvas are all able to guide and transform sentient beings in all ten directions." From "expounding right principles" below, second clarifying that the thirteen dharma-masters can expound right principles. Right principles means precisely the true characteristics of all phenomena. From "like me" below, third clarifying that what is expounded has no differences. This difference clarifies that the thirteen persons can equally transform like Buddha, therefore saying "equal without any difference."

Buddha told King Prasenajit: "After my extinction, when the dharma is about to be completely destroyed, all kings should receive and uphold this Prajñāpāramitā and greatly perform Buddha-works. The peaceful establishment of all lands and the happiness of all people all depend on this Prajñāpāramitā. Therefore I entrust it to the kings, not to monks, nuns, laymen, or laywomen. Why? Because without royal authority and power, therefore not

【Lower section of right page】
entrusting to you. You should receive, uphold, recite, and understand its principles." The commentary says: From "Buddha told King Prasenajit" below. In answering the question, the second major section is encouragement to uphold. The text has seven sections. First, briefly raising the time period to clarify the intention of entrusting to kings rather than others. Within this are two parts. First clarifying entrusting kings to receive and uphold Prajñā. Second, from "not entrusting monks" below, next clarifying that without royal power and influence, therefore not entrusting, but only having them receive, uphold, recite and interpret the principles. Not being king has two meanings: first, able to transform difficult-to-transform sentient beings; second, benefiting great persons like wind bending grass. Monks lack such power, therefore cannot be entrusted.

Great King, what I now transform includes billions of Sumerus, billions of suns and moons. Each Sumeru has four continents. In the southern Jambudvīpa there are sixteen great countries, five hundred middle countries, ten thousand small countries. Second, clarifying the places where Prajñā is propagated. Saying "Great King, what I now transform includes billions of Mount Sumeru, etc." Generally clarifying the realm of Jambudvīpa. From "In the southern Jambudvīpa" below specifically clarifies the various lands. Consider as the text indicates.

I say privately: Beyond ten thousand countries are called "great countries." Below ten thousand countries, above four thousand are called "middle countries." Below three thousand, above seven hundred are called "small countries." Below six hundred, above two hundred are called "scattered-millet countries." Less than one hundred countries are called island countries - though this is not stated. Tang land has 1,944 countries, therefore called "small countries." Japan is an island, not within the country classification. However, when Nichira, the superior person from Baekje country, bowed to Prince Shōtoku, he said: "Respectfully saluting Avalokiteśvara, transmitting the lamp to the eastern scattered-millet king, coming from the west to be born, expounding the wonderful dharma to liberate sentient beings." From this, Japan entered within the scattered-millet countries.

【Upper section of left page】
The above is a secret treasury matter. The classification of large, medium, and small has not yet been investigated. It should not be propagated carelessly.

In those lands there are seven fearful disasters. All kings, because of these disasters, lecture and recite the Prajñāpāramitā. The seven disasters are immediately extinguished, seven blessings immediately arise, all people are peaceful and happy, and the emperor rejoices. From "In those lands" below. Third, clarifying the seven disasters. The text has two parts. First, generally clarifying that dharma power can extinguish seven disasters and generate seven blessings. The text is clear.

What constitutes disaster? The sun and moon losing their courses, seasons reversing, red suns appearing, black suns appearing, two, three, four, or five suns appearing, solar eclipses without light, or the solar disc appearing as one, two, three, four, or five rings. When such strange transformations occur, reciting this sutra constitutes the first disaster. The commentary says: From "What constitutes disaster" below, separately listing the seven disasters, clarifying that sutra power can extinguish them. The "seven disasters" are: first, sun and moon losing course; second, stellar anomalies; third, fire disasters; fourth, water disasters; fifth, wind disasters; sixth, drought disasters; seventh, bandits. Within the first sun-moon disaster are fourteen types: first, clarifying loss of course - not following the regular path is called losing course; second, clarifying seasonal reversal; third, red sun appearing; fourth, black sun appearing; fifth, two suns appearing; sixth, three suns appearing; seventh, four suns appearing; eighth, five suns appearing; ninth, solar eclipse; tenth, sun with one ring; eleventh, double rings; twelfth, triple rings; thirteenth, quadruple rings; fourteenth, quintuple rings. Such fourteen types are all disasters, envisioning famine, warfare, and epidemics.

The twenty-eight lunar mansions losing course, Venus, comets, ring stars, ghost stars, Mars, Mercury, wind stars, sword stars, Southern and Northern Dippers, five cardinal great stars, all sovereign stars, three minister stars, hundred official stars - all such

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stars each manifesting changes, reciting and expounding constitutes the second disaster. The second stellar disaster. Twenty-eight means each of the four directions has seven - four times seven equals twenty-eight. Losing course means their movement doesn't follow the regular path, therefore called losing course. Venus is the Great White Star. The Tripiṭaka master says foreign countries call it "Celestial Master Star." If it moves according to principle, there's abundance; if it loses course, there's famine. Comets are called "Yama King Star" in foreign countries. Wherever this star appears, there are necessarily disasters. Ring stars have brilliance like a wheel. If the sun, moon, and five planets break through the center of a ring star, then the land is scattered. If the sun and moon travel to the right of the ring star, then the land is peaceful. Leftward movement is also not good. Ghost stars: in the ninth month at sunset, located in the northeast. If moving rapidly, this exceeds the proper time. If approaching the upper position, then demons come to destroy the country and afflict people. Mars is the Glowing Confuser Star. This governs bandits. If high, bandits arise; if low, bandits are subdued. If in the rat position, it's low; if in the horse position, it's high. Mercury is the Moisture Star, also the Great White Star. If in tiger position, it's low; if in monkey position, it's high. It travels thirty days in one position, completing one circuit in twelve months. Traveling from rooster, dog, pig, rat positions, there's no water. From rabbit, snake, sheep, monkey positions, water is abundant. From ox, tiger, dragon, horse positions, water is balanced - balanced means neither too much nor too little. Wind star is the Pleiades star. In tiger position it's high. It travels thirty days per position. When traveling through monkey position it's low. If high, much wind and no rain. If low, much rain and little wind. High in seventh month, low in first month. From eighth month to first month, gradually descending. From second month to seventh month, gradually ascending. Following solar movement, there are three types. Second, third, eighth, ninth months move together with the sun. Tenth, eleventh, twelfth, first months - these four months travel ahead of the sun. Fourth, fifth