一　仁王護国経疏三巻 - 翻刻

翻刻

【右頁上段】
恃威力制我四部弟子＿一者。五篇七聚外更作＿二俗法＿一治＿二比
丘等＿一以＿二護法善神瞋＿一使＿下令＿二疾病＿一破＿二-壞國土＿一 五濁增長＿上也。
《割書：文》大王法末世時有＿二諸比丘四部弟子＿一國王大臣各作＿二非
法之行＿一横與＿二佛法衆僧＿一作＿二大非法＿一作＿二諸罪過＿一非＿レ法非＿レ
律繫＿二-縛比丘＿一如＿二獄囚法＿一當＿二爾之時＿一。法滅不＿レ久。　疏云。大
王法末世持下。第三不＿レ得＿下繫＿二-縛比丘＿一如＿中獄囚法＿上者。戒律
法中極但有＿レ驅＿二-擯出家衆＿一。今行＿二俗法＿一。當＿レ知法滅不＿レ久。
大王我滅度後未來世中四部弟子諸小國王太子王子乃
是任＿二-持護＿二 三寶＿一者轉更滅＿二-破三寶＿一如＿三師子中蟲自食＿二師
子＿一非＿二外道＿一也。多壞＿二我佛法＿一得＿二大罪過＿一正敎衰薄民無＿二
正行＿一以＿二漸爲＿一レ惡其壽日減至＿二于百歲＿一 人壞＿二佛敎＿一無＿二復孝
子＿一 六親不＿レ和天神不＿レ祐疾疫惡鬼日來侵害災恠首尾連
禍縦横死入＿二 地獄餓鬼畜生＿一若出爲＿レ 人兵奴果報如＿レ響如＿レ
影如＿二 人夜書火滅字存＿一 三界果報亦復如＿レ是。　疏云。大王
我滅度後下。第四誡＿二 四部衆國王等＿一。皆是任＿二-持佛法＿一 人還
自破滅。令＿下使＿二國土＿一諸災競起＿上。皆由＿レ破＿レ法使＿二之然＿一也。就＿レ
文有＿レ 二。初明＿二非法說經＿一。二正敎衰薄下明＿二其損失＿一。初明＿二

【右頁下段】
非法說經＿一有＿レ 三。初法說。二如師子下喩。三多壞下合也。
《割書：文》思＿レ之。
大王未來世中一切國王太子王子四部弟子横與＿二佛弟
子＿一書＿二-記制戒＿一如＿二白衣法＿一如＿二兵奴法＿一若我弟子比丘比丘
尼立＿レ籍爲＿レ官所＿レ使都非＿二我弟子＿一是兵奴法立＿二統官＿一攝＿二僧
典＿一主＿二僧籍＿一大小僧統共相攝縛如＿二獄囚法兵奴之法＿一當＿二
爾之時＿一佛法不＿レ久。　疏云。大王未來世下第五誡＿二國王太
子四衆＿一。立＿レ籍制約如＿二兵奴法＿一。立＿二統官＿一治＿レ 人如＿二俗法＿一當＿レ
知佛法滅不＿レ久。《割書：文》
大王未來世中諸小國王四部弟子自作＿二此罪破國因緣＿一
身自受＿レ之非＿二佛法僧＿一大王未來世中流＿二-通此經＿一 七佛法
器十方諸佛常所＿二行道＿一諸惡比丘多求＿二名利＿一於＿二國王太
子王子前＿一自說＿二破佛法因緣破國因緣＿一其王不＿レ別信＿二-聽
此語＿一橫作＿二法制＿一不＿レ依＿二佛戒＿一是爲＿二破佛破國因緣＿一當＿二爾
之時＿一正法將＿レ滅不＿レ久。　疏云。大王未來世中諸小國王
下。第六誡＿二小國四衆＿一。明＿二非法得＿一レ罪。制＿レ之莫＿レ爲。自作＿二罪
過＿一破＿二-壞國土＿一。自身受＿レ之不＿レ關＿二 三寶＿一也。　大王未來世中

【左頁上段】
流＿二-通此經＿一 下。第七誡＿下諸比丘不＿レ依＿二 七佛敎＿一。依＿二-託佛法＿一
求＿二世名利＿一。往＿二國王邊＿一自說＿中破佛法因緣＿上。文有＿二 三別＿一。初
明＿三比丘等邪說＿二佛法＿一。二其王不別下。明＿三國王不＿レ知＿二 三寶＿一
也。三當爾下滅＿二正法＿一也。《割書：文》
爾時十六大國王聞＿二佛七誡所＿レ說未來世事＿一悲啼涕泣聲
動＿二 三千＿一日月五星二十八宿失＿レ光不＿レ現時諸國王等各各
至＿レ心受＿二-持佛語＿一不＿レ制＿二 四部弟子出家行道＿一當如＿二佛敎＿一爾
時大衆十八梵天王六欲諸天子皆悉歎言當＿二爾之時＿一世
間空虛是無佛世爾時無量大衆中百億菩薩彌勒師子月
等百億舍利弗須菩提等五百億十八梵六欲諸天三界六
道阿須輪王等聞＿二佛所＿レ說護佛果因緣護國土因緣＿一歡喜
無量爲＿レ佛作＿レ禮受＿二-持般若波羅蜜＿一　疏云。爾時十六國
下。品中大段第三諸國王聞＿二佛七誡＿一不＿レ制＿二 四衆＿一。就＿レ文爲＿レ
三。初十六國王悲歎驚怖傷＿二己已往𠍴《割書：　｜一》。依＿レ敎不＿レ制＿二 四衆＿一。
第二十八梵天等傷歎云。當＿レ知爾時無＿二佛在世＿一者歎＿二正法
滅盡＿一。故名＿二無佛在世＿一也。爾時無量大衆下。品内大段第
四時衆聞＿レ法歡喜奉行。就＿レ文有＿レ 三。初列＿二百億菩薩衆＿一。第

【左頁下段】
二列＿二百億舍利弗等＿一。第三五百億色欲二界天六道阿須
輪王等衆悉奉行也。

　　慶應紀元乙丑十月下旬得＿二件古寫本＿一信然希世之
　　珍書也
　　　　　　　　　　叡山常樂院沙門亮海謹記

現代語訳

【右頁上段】
威力を自恃して我が四部弟子を制する」とは、五篇七聚の外に更に俗法を作って比丘等を治めることで、護法善神が瞋って疾病を起こさせ、国土を破壊し、五濁を増長させることである。

「大王、法末世の時に諸比丘四部弟子がいて、国王大臣が各々非法の行いをなし、横に仏法衆僧に対して大非法をなし、諸々の罪過を作り、法に非ず律に非ずして比丘を繋縛すること獄囚の法の如くにする。爾の時に当たって、法滅すること久しからず」。疏に云う、「大王法末世持」以下。第三に比丘を繋縛すること獄囚の法の如くにすることを得ずとは、戒律法中には極めてただ出家衆を駆擯することがあるのみである。今俗法を行う。当に知るべし、法滅すること久しからず。

「大王、我が滅度後未来世中に四部弟子諸小国王太子王子、乃ちこれ三宝を任持護持する者が転じて更に三宝を滅破すること、師子中の虫が自ら師子を食うが如くで、外道に非ず。多く我が仏法を壊して大罪過を得、正教衰薄し民に正行無く、漸次に悪を為して其の寿日々に減じて百歳に至る。人が仏教を壊して復孝子無く、六親和せず天神祐けず、疾疫悪鬼日々来たって侵害し、災恠首尾連なり禍縦横して死して地獄餓鬼畜生に入る。若し出でて人と為るも兵奴の果報、響の如く影の如く、人が夜書して火滅すれども字の存するが如く、三界の果報も亦復是の如し」。疏に云う、「大王我滅度後」以下。第四に四部衆国王等を誡める。皆是れ仏法を任持する人が還って自ら破滅し、国土をして諸災競い起こさしめる。皆法を破ることによってこれを然らしめるのである。文に就いて二有り。初めに非法説経を明かす。二に「正教衰薄」以下その損失を明かす。初めに

【右頁下段】
非法説経を明かすに三有り。初めに法説。二に「師子の如く」以下譬え。三に「多壊」以下合わせる。

これを思え。

「大王、未来世中に一切国王太子王子四部弟子が横に仏弟子に対して書記制戒すること白衣の法の如く兵奴の法の如くにする。若し我が弟子比丘比丘尼が籍を立てて官の使う所と為らば都て我が弟子に非ず。是れ兵奴の法で、統官を立てて僧典を摂し、僧籍を主り、大小僧統共に相摂縛すること獄囚の法兵奴の法の如くにする。爾の時に当たって、仏法久しからず」。疏に云う、「大王未来世」以下第五に国王太子四衆を誡める。籍を立てて制約すること兵奴の法の如くにし、統官を立てて人を治めること俗法の如くにする。当に知るべし、仏法滅すること久しからず。

「大王、未来世中に諸小国王四部弟子が自らこの罪破国の因縁を作り、身自らこれを受けるは仏法僧に非ず。大王、未来世中にこの経を流通する七仏の法器、十方諸仏の常に行道する所を、諸悪比丘多く名利を求めて、国王太子王子の前において自ら破仏法因縁破国因縁を説く。其の王別かず、この語を信聴して横に法制を作り、仏戒に依らず。是れを破仏破国の因縁と為す。爾の時に当たって、正法将に滅せんとして久しからず」。疏に云う、「大王未来世中諸小国王」以下。第六に小国四衆を誡める。非法の得を明かし罪とする。これを制して為すことなかれ。自ら罪過を作り国土を破壊する。自身がこれを受けるは三宝に関わらない。「大王未来世中に

【左頁上段】
この経を流通する」以下。第七に諸比丘が七仏の教えに依らず、仏法に依託して世の名利を求め、国王の辺に往いて自ら破仏法の因縁を説くことを誡める。文に三別有り。初めに比丘等が邪しく仏法を説くことを明かす。二に「其王別かず」以下。国王が三宝を知らないことを明かす。三に「当爾」以下正法を滅することを明かす。

爾の時十六大国王が仏の七誡所説の未来世の事を聞いて悲啼涕泣し、声三千に動き、日月五星二十八宿光を失って現れず。時に諸国王等各々至心に仏語を受持して四部弟子の出家行道を制せず、当に仏教の如くすべし。爾の時大衆十八梵天王六欲諸天子皆悉く歎じて言う「爾の時に当たって世間空虚、是れ無仏の世なり」。爾の時無量大衆中の百億菩薩弥勒師子月等、百億舎利弗須菩提等、五百億十八梵六欲諸天三界六道阿須倫王等が仏所説の護仏果因縁護国土因縁を聞いて歓喜無量、仏の為に礼を作し般若波羅蜜を受持す。疏に云う、「爾時十六国」以下。品中大段第三に諸国王が仏の七誡を聞いて四衆を制せず。文に就いて三と為す。初めに十六国王が悲歎驚怖して己が已往を傷み、教えに依って四衆を制せず。第二に十八梵天等が傷歎して云う。当に知るべし、爾の時仏在世無しとは正法滅尽を歎ずる。故に無仏在世と名づける。「爾時無量大衆」以下。品内大段第四に時衆が法を聞いて歓喜奉行する。文に就いて三有り。初めに百億菩薩衆を列ぬ。第

【左頁下段】
二に百億舎利弗等を列ぬ。第三に五百億色欲二界天六道阿須倫王等の衆悉く奉行する。

慶応紀元乙丑十月下旬に件の古写本を得たり。信に然り、希世の珍書なり。
叡山常楽院沙門亮海謹記

英語訳

【Upper section of right page】
"Relying on威力 and restricting my four groups of disciples" means creating secular laws beyond the five categories and seven groups to govern bhikṣus and others, causing the dharma-protecting good spirits to become angry and bring about illness, destroying the country and land, and increasing the five turbidities.

"Great King, in the final dharma age there will be bhikṣus and the four groups of disciples, and country kings and great ministers will each perform unlawful acts, wrongfully creating great unlawfulness toward the Buddha-dharma and saṅgha, creating various sins and transgressions, binding bhikṣus unlawfully and against the vinaya like the law for prisoners. At that time, the Dharma will perish before long." The commentary says: From "Great King, in the final dharma age" below. Third, one must not bind bhikṣus like the law for prisoners means that within the precept and vinaya dharma, at most there is only expelling the home-leaving assembly. Now practicing secular law. You should know the Dharma will perish before long.

"Great King, after my extinction in future ages, the four groups of disciples, various small country kings, crown princes and princes - those who are entrusted with protecting the Three Jewels will instead destroy the Three Jewels, like worms within a lion eating the lion itself, not outsiders. They will greatly damage my Buddha-dharma and incur great sins and transgressions. Right teaching will decline and the people will have no right conduct, gradually becoming evil with their lifespans daily decreasing to a hundred years. When people destroy the Buddha's teaching there will be no more filial children, the six relatives will not be harmonious, heavenly spirits will not protect, epidemic evil spirits will come daily to harm, disasters will connect end to end with calamities running rampant, and upon death they will enter hell, hungry ghost, and animal realms. If they emerge as humans, the karmic retribution of soldiers and slaves will be like an echo, like a shadow, like when someone writes at night and though the fire dies out the characters remain - the karmic retribution of the three realms is also like this." The commentary says: From "Great King, after my extinction" below. Fourth, admonishing the four groups and country kings, etc. All are people entrusted with upholding the Buddha-dharma who instead destroy themselves and cause various disasters to compete in arising in the country and land. All this is caused by destroying the Dharma. In the text there are two parts. First clarifying unlawful sūtra teaching. Second, from "Right teaching declines" below, clarifying the losses. First clarifying

【Lower section of right page】
unlawful sūtra teaching has three parts. First, dharma explanation. Second, from "like a lion" below, analogy. Third, from "greatly damaging" below, combining them.

Contemplate this.

"Great King, in future ages all country kings, crown princes, princes, and the four groups of disciples will wrongfully impose written records and restrictive precepts on Buddha's disciples like the law for laypeople, like the law for soldiers and slaves. If my disciples - bhikṣus and bhikṣuṇīs - establish registers to be used by officials, they are entirely not my disciples. This is the law of soldiers and slaves: establishing controlling officials to oversee monastic regulations, governing monastic registers, with great and small monastic controllers mutually restraining and binding like the law for prisoners and soldiers and slaves. At that time, the Buddha-dharma will not last long." The commentary says: From "Great King, in future ages" below, fifth, admonishing country kings, crown princes, and the four groups. Establishing registers and restrictions like the law for soldiers and slaves, establishing controlling officials to govern people like secular law. You should know the Buddha-dharma will perish before long.

"Great King, in future ages various small country kings and the four groups of disciples will create these sinful causes and conditions for destroying countries, and will personally receive them - this is not the Buddha, Dharma, or Saṅgha. Great King, in future ages when circulating this sūtra - the dharma vessels of the seven Buddhas, where the Buddhas of the ten directions constantly practice the Way - various evil bhikṣus will greatly seek fame and profit and in front of country kings, crown princes, and princes will speak of causes and conditions for destroying Buddha-dharma and destroying countries. Those kings, not discriminating, will believe and listen to these words, wrongfully creating legal restrictions not based on Buddha's precepts. This constitutes causes and conditions for destroying Buddha and destroying countries. At that time, the right Dharma will perish before long." The commentary says: From "Great King, in future ages various small country kings" below. Sixth, admonishing small countries and the four groups. Clarifying unlawful gains as sins. Restrict this and do not do it. Creating sins and transgressions oneself destroys the country and land. Personally receiving this does not concern the Three Jewels. "Great King, in future ages

【Upper section of left page】
circulating this sūtra" below. Seventh, admonishing various bhikṣus not to rely on the teachings of the seven Buddhas but to rely on Buddha-dharma to seek worldly fame and profit, going to country kings to speak of causes and conditions for destroying Buddha-dharma. The text has three parts. First clarifying bhikṣus and others wrongly explaining Buddha-dharma. Second, from "Those kings not discriminating" below, clarifying that country kings do not know the Three Jewels. Third, from "at that time" below, clarifying the extinction of right Dharma.

At that time the sixteen great country kings heard the Buddha's seven admonishments describing future events, wept and cried with grief, their voices shaking the three thousand [worlds], with sun, moon, five planets, and twenty-eight constellations losing their light and not appearing. Then the various country kings each wholeheartedly received and upheld the Buddha's words, not restricting the four groups of disciples from leaving home and practicing the Way, acting according to the Buddha's teaching. At that time the great assembly, eighteen Brahmā kings, and sons of the six desire [realm] gods all sighed and said: "At that time the world will be empty - this is an age without Buddha." At that time from the immeasurable great assembly, one hundred billion bodhisattvas including Maitreya and Lion-Moon, one hundred billion including Śāriputra and Subhūti, five hundred billion including the eighteen Brahmās, six desire [realm] gods, gods of the three realms and six paths, and asura kings, hearing the Buddha's explanation of causes and conditions for protecting Buddha-fruit and protecting countries and lands, experienced immeasurable joy, made prostrations to the Buddha, and received and upheld the Prajñāpāramitā. The commentary says: From "At that time the sixteen countries" below. The third major section within the chapter: the various country kings heard the Buddha's seven admonishments and did not restrict the four groups. Dividing the text into three parts. First, the sixteen country kings grieved, sighed, were startled and fearful, lamenting their past actions, and following the teaching did not restrict the four groups. Second, the eighteen Brahmā gods and others lamented saying: You should know that at that time there is no Buddha in the world - this laments the complete extinction of right Dharma, therefore called "no Buddha in the world." From "At that time the immeasurable great assembly" below. The fourth major section within the chapter: the assembly at that time heard the Dharma and joyfully practiced it. Dividing the text into three parts. First listing the assembly of one hundred billion bodhisattvas. Sec-

【Lower section of left page】
ond listing one hundred billion including Śāriputra and others. Third, five hundred billion including the gods of the form and desire realms, the six paths, asura kings and other assemblies all practiced accordingly.

In the first year of Keiō, in late October of the year of the Metal Ox, I obtained this ancient manuscript. Truly it is a rare treasure book of the world.
Respectfully recorded by Ryōkai, monk of Jōrakuin on Mt. Hiei