英語訳
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Observing the Mind for the Pure and Clear Enmei-ji Temple
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Kanshin Kakumu-shō, Volume 1
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《Title: Kanshin Kakumu-shō》 Volume 1
Generally speaking, if one wishes to attain bodhi, one must first know one's own mind. This knowledge truly lies in the Yogācāra teachings. What seeker of the Dharma would not study this? However, the literature and meanings are vast and extensive, and one cannot master them all at once. Now I will take the essential points from among the essential and briefly indicate their purpose. These are: 1) The foundational sutras, 2) The periods of teaching in one lifetime, 3) The hundred dharmas and two emptinesses, 4) The establishment of four divisions, 5) The meaning of three types of objects, 6) The perfuming of seeds, 7) The twelve-link dependent origination, 8) The three natures, 9) The three non-natures, 10) The mutual dependence of two truths, 11) The two-fold Middle Way, 12) The principles of consciousness-only, 13) Containment within an instant.
The Foundational Sutras 《The eleven treatises are omitted》
The Vijñapti-mātra Commentary states: "Six sutras are cited as sources: namely, the Avataṃsaka, the Saṃdhinirmocana, the Tathāgatotpatti-sambhava-nirdeśa, the Abhidharma, the Laṅkāvatāra, and the Ghanavyūha." Therefore, these six sutras serve as the foundational scriptures.
However, among these six sutras, the Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra is particularly fundamental. It correctly elucidates consciousness-only, the three natures, the ten stages, and the causal positions and practices, being a definitive Mahāyāna Middle Way teaching. Furthermore, the Mahāyāna-sūtra-alaṃkāra, Abhidharma Sūtra, and Ghanavyūha Sūtra are all untranslated scriptures. The Vijñapti-mātra treatise frequently quotes from them. Question: If so, what about the location, teacher, and interlocutors of the Saṃdhinirmocana? Answer: The location is the Lotus Treasury World, the teacher is Vairocana Buddha, the interlocutors are at the Dharma Cloud culmination stage, and the principles are the definitive Middle Way. All are found in the sutra. Due to length, they are not included here.
The Periods of Teaching in One Lifetime
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The various masters of antiquity did not agree on doctrinal classification. Some established one period of teaching, others two periods, and still others up to five periods. All these establishments lack scriptural basis and cannot be relied upon. The Lamp of Meaning states: "Establishing one, two, four, or five periods of teaching lacks basis in sacred texts and cannot be depended upon." Our school's position relies on the Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra to establish three periods of teaching. Thus, when we examine the Chapter on No-nature, Bodhisattva Paramārthasamudgata raised the apparent contradiction between the existence-teaching and emptiness-teaching sutras and questioned the Tathāgata. The World-Honored One answered by expounding the great meaning of a lifetime of teaching and reconciling this contradiction. The text is lengthy, so I will summarize the main points:
Based on the three natures of parikalpita (imagined), paratantra (other-dependent), and pariniṣpanna (perfectly accomplished), three types of naturelessness are established correspondingly: characteristic-lessness, production-lessness, and ultimate-lessness. Characteristic-lessness refers to the fact that imagined nature has no substantial existence whatsoever, like sky-flowers. This is called characteristic-lessness. Production-lessness refers to the fact that other-dependent nature lacks inherent nature, like magical creations. This is called production-lessness. Ultimate-lessness refers to the dharma-selflessness of all phenomena being far removed from all characteristics, like empty space. This is called ultimate-lessness. Based on these three types of naturelessness, I teach that "all phenomena are without inherent nature." Based on the meaning of characteristic-lessness emptiness and the eternally constant nature of ultimate naturelessness, I also teach "no birth, no cessation, originally tranquil, nirvana by nature." Based on the substance of production-lessness and other-dependence, I also teach "the various dharmas such as the five aggregates and four noble truths." Therefore, the earlier and later teachings do not contradict each other. At that time, Bodhisattva Paramārthasamudgata gained deep understanding and established the three periods of teaching: existence, emptiness, and the Middle Way for all the teachings of one lifetime. Then the Tathāgata praised and confirmed this.
The first period of teaching refers to when the Tathāgata initially, at one time, was at Deer Park, and for the śrāvakas extensively...