翻刻
【右頁】
【枠外右上】
一三八【但し算用数字】
【枠外右横上】
一乘義私記卷第二
【枠外右横下】
四六
【本文二段構成】
【上段】
如_二化城_一。非_二實𣵀槃_一。故云_レ無也。 問。章云。𣵀槃經中。旣
以_二摩訶般若法身解脱三事圓滿_一。名_二大𣵀槃_一。故此一乘
二諦爲_レ體。《割書:云云》意何。 答。是第二引_二𣵀槃經文_一爲_レ證。結_下-
成二諦名_二 一乘_一之義_上也。 問。以_二此文_一如何證_レ之耶。
答。摩訶般若者。能證智。《割書:摩訶此云_レ|大也。》法身者。所證眞如。解
脱者。所顯𣵀槃也。般若者。是道諦法身。解脱者。是滅諦。
具_二此二諦_一。名_二大般𣵀槃_一。其大𣵀槃者。卽是一乘。故能成_下
二諦名_二 一乘_一之證_上也。 問。對法論云。眞如《割書:傍【四角で囲む】滅|依》聖道
《割書:傍【四角で囲む】能|滅》煩惱《割書:傍【四角で囲む】滅|性》不生。名爲_二滅諦_一。《割書:云云》故此三事。但是𣵀槃滅
諦。而何以_二此滅諦三事_一。亦爲_下道諦名_二 一乘_一之證_上耶。 答。
對法論意。滅 ̄カ依 ̄ト能滅滅 ̄カ性 ̄トヲ合名_二滅諦_一。其意。能滅道
諦歸_二滅 ̄カ依_一。合名_二滅諦_一。是大般𣵀槃名_二滅諦_一。故與_三𣵀經。
三點圓滿。名_二大𣵀槃_一同也。故能成_下滅道二諦名_二 一槃乘_一
之證_上也。能難對法論文。返以成_レ證。與_二𣵀槃經_一同故也。
問。一乘以_二此二諦_一爲_レ體者。何更出_二前三體及五門_一。 答。
前三體捨_二處々文_一作_レ類。出_レ體自有_二 三體_一。次五門於_二前
三體中_一。重料簡有_二 五門次第_一。今其三體五門。於_二 四諦門_一
【下段】
分別。卽攝_二滅道二諦_一。以_レ之爲_レ體。是至極一乘之體也。何。
故約_二 四諦_一分別。出_二 一乘體_一。爲_二至極體_一。答。聖敎萬差。不_レ
越_二 四諦_一。故約_二 四諦_一。出_レ體爲_二至極義_一也。 問。何故約_二滅
道諦_一出_レ體。不_レ取_二苦集諦_一。 答。苦集有漏。應知應斷之法。
流轉因果。故非_レ可_レ爲_二 一乘體_一。所以不_レ取。滅道無。漏。應
證應修之法。還滅因果。故爲_二 一乘體也。已上第一門畢。
問。第二釋名門意何。 答。釋_二 一乘名_一。此門意也。故章
云。釋_二名字_一者。乘者是運載義。故廣雅云。乘 ̄ハ駕也。周禮
云。乘 ̄ハ載也。運_二-載行者_一。至_二彼岸_一故《割書:云云》。是先釋_二乘名_一也。
釋_レ 一如_二次下_一之。《割書:考【四角で囲む】之恐|也歟》彼岸者。菩提𣵀槃也。 問。章云。
故此經云。乘_二此寶車_一。直至_二道場_一。《割書:云云》意何。 答。是引_レ
證釋_二乘義_一也。旣云_二乘此直至_一。故運載義。是乘義也。《割書:爲言》
經文意。如_二 上已記了_一。 問。章云。攝論亦云。六度萬行
亦乘亦大。法性眞如所乘大性。《割書:云云》意何。 答。是亦證也。
意云。六度萬行。名_二大乘_一者。運_二-載行者_一。到_二彼岸_一故。法
性眞如。名_二大乘_一者。乘之性故。《割書:爲言》故引_二此文_一。爲_二運載名_レ
乘之證_一也。問。水抄云。問。有爲有_二《割書:ヲ以》動轉_一。可_レ得_二名爲_一レ
【左頁】
【枠外左上】
一三九【但し算用数字】
【枠外左横上】
一乘義私記卷第二
【枠外左横下】
四七
【本文二段構成】
【上段】
乘。無爲無_二動轉_一。如何得_レ名_レ乘。《割書:云云》如何答耶。 答。次
云。六度萬行是所乘。眞如與_二所乘_一爲_レ性。故亦名_二大乘_一。
乘之本故。亦名爲_レ乘。正能運載 ̄スルハ卽是有爲。有爲依
他。無爲亦得_レ知_レ乘。如_三船《割書:傍【四角で囲む】事》依_レ水《割書:傍【四角で囲む】理》水得_二運名_一。故
事理倶能運_二-載行者_一。至_二彼岸_一故。運通_二此二種_一。《割書:云云》
問。章云。事理倶能運_二-載行者_一。自運運_レ他。至_二於彼岸_一。皆
名爲_レ乘。《割書:云云》意何。 答。是上引_レ證了。結_二-成運載名_レ乘
義_一也。事者六度萬行也。理者法性眞如也。 問。章云。問。
因行能自運至_レ《割書:ヲ以》果可_レ名_レ乘。佛果自運息《割書:スルヲ以》應_レ非_二是
乘體_一。《割書:云云》如何答耶。 答。章云。答有_二 五義_一。《割書:云云》 問。其
五義何。 答。章云。一者運載以名_レ乘。因中通_二 二運_一。廣
至_レ果廣他運。由_レ此亦名_レ乘。《割書:云云》《割書:文意|易_レ知。》 二者體能通_二 二
運_一。能體幷名_レ乘。果中體有_レ能。非_レ無亦乘攝。如_二割(キル) ̄ヲ名 ̄テ
爲_一レ刀。有_レ能卽刀 ̄ニ攝。非_下要 ̄シモ廣現 ̄ニ割《割書:ノミヲ以》有_レ能非_中是刀_上。
佛果德體。能爲_二 二運_一。非_下要廣用方名爲_上レ乘《割書:云云》。意云。佛
果德體上。有_二自運功能_一。雖_レ不_二自運_一。亦猶名_レ乘。譬如_レ割
時名_レ刀。不_レ割時猶名_レ刀也《割書:爲言》。三者二乘唯自運_レ小。尚
【下段】
得_二乘名_一。況佛廣運_レ他。何理《割書:ヲ以テ》非_二乘攝_一。《割書:云云》《割書:文意|易_レ知。》四者
因中理智。能雙運。二用勝故得_レ名_レ ̄ルコトヲ 乘。果中理 ̄ト智 ̄トハ
因 ̄ヲ修 ̄シテ成 ̄セリ。因乘 ̄ノ種類《割書:ナルヲ以》。亦乘 ̄ニ攝 ̄ス。《割書:云云》。 水抄云。
意云。果中不_三唯無_二自運_一。設無_二運他_一。亦名爲_レ乘。是因中
自運之種類。故由如_三習氣亦名_二煩惱_一。《割書:云云》五者因中二運
常增近。作用現勝《割書:ヲ以》得_レ名_レ乘。果中自運窮_二未來_一。令_二他
增進_一得_二果稱_一。《割書:云云》水抄云。言_二因中二運常增進_一者。卽自
運々他也。自運亦增進。運他亦增進。二運不_二間斷_一故。
名_二常增進_一也。果中自運窮_二未來_一。自利也。令_二他增進_一。亦
乘攝_二利他_一也。敎_二-化他人_一成佛。故各令他增進_一。卽摩
訶般若。常照_二法身_一。唯論識云。謂此心品離_二諸分別_一。所
緣行相微細難_レ知不_レ忘。不_レ愚_二 一切境相_一。性相清淨離_二
諸雜染_一。純淨圓德。現種依持。能_二-現能_三-生身土智影_一。無_レ
間無_レ斷。窮_二未來際_一。如_三大圓鏡現_二衆色緣_一《割書:云云》。《割書:此說_二大|圓鏡智》
《割書:體_一文|也。》 意云。言_三摩訶般若常照_二法身_一。及所_レ引唯識論
文。釋_二自運義_一也。論文意。可_レ撿_レ疏也。 問。此五義中。
正否如何。 答。章判云。初四義隨_レ他不正。後之一
現代語訳
【右頁】
化城の如く、実涅槃ではない。故に無いと言うのである。
問:章に言う「涅槃経中で、既に摩訶般若・法身・解脱の三事円満を以って、大涅槃と名づける。故にこの一乗は二諦を体とする」とあるが、意味は何か。
答:これは第二に涅槃経の文を引いて証とし、二諦を一乗と名づける義を結成するのである。
問:この文を以って、どのようにこれを証するのか。
答:摩訶般若とは、能証の智である(摩訶はこれを大と言う)。法身とは、所証の真如である。解脱とは、所顕の涅槃である。般若とは、これは道諦である。法身・解脱とは、これは滅諦である。この二諦を具えて、大般涅槃と名づける。その大涅槃とは、即ちこれが一乗である。故に能く二諦を一乗と名づけることの証を成すのである。
問:対法論に言う「真如(滅依)聖道(能滅)煩悩(滅性)不生、これを滅諦と名づける」とあるから、故にこの三事は、ただこれ涅槃滅諦である。而るに何故この滅諦の三事を以って、また道諦を一乗と名づけることの証とするのか。
答:対法論の意は、滅依・能滅・滅性を合して滅諦と名づける。その意は、能滅の道諦が滅依に帰して、合して滅諦と名づける。これは大般涅槃を滅諦と名づけるもので、故に涅槃経の三点円満を大涅槃と名づけることと同じである。故に能く滅道二諦を一乗と名づけることの証を成すのである。能く対法論の文を難じて、返ってこれを以って証を成すのは、涅槃経と同じが故である。
問:一乗がこの二諦を体とするのであれば、何故更に前の三体及び五門を出すのか。
答:前の三体は処々の文を捨て類を作り、体を出すに自ずから三体がある。次の五門は前の三体中において、重ねて料簡して五門の次第がある。今その三体五門を、四諦門において
【下段】
分別し、即ち滅道二諦を摂して、これを以って体とする。これは至極の一乗の体である。
何故四諦について分別して、一乗体を出すことを至極の体とするのか。
答:聖教は万差であるが、四諦を越えることはない。故に四諦について体を出すことを至極の義とするのである。
問:何故滅道諦について体を出して、苦集諦を取らないのか。
答:苦集は有漏で、応に知り応に断ずべき法である。流転の因果である。故に一乗体とすべきではない。所以に取らない。滅道は無漏で、応に証し応に修すべき法である。還滅の因果である。故に一乗体とするのである。
以上、第一門終わり。
問:第二釈名門の意は何か。
答:一乗の名を釈することが、この門の意である。故に章に言う「名字を釈すとは、乗とは是れ運載の義である。故に広雅に言う『乗は駕なり』と。周礼に言う『乗は載なり』と。行者を運載して、彼岸に至らしめる故に」と。これは先ず乗の名を釈すのである。一を釈することは次の下の如くである(之は恐らく也であろう)。彼岸とは、菩提涅槃である。
問:章に言う「故にこの経に言う『この宝車に乗って、直に道場に至る』」とあるが、意味は何か。
答:これは証を引いて乗義を釈すのである。既に「これに乗って直に至る」と言うから、故に運載の義が乗義である。経文の意は、上に已に記し了えたが如くである。
問:章に言う「摂論にもまた言う『六度万行は亦乗亦大、法性真如は所乗の大性』」とあるが、意味は何か。
答:これもまた証である。意味は、六度万行を大乗と名づけるのは、行者を運載して、彼岸に到らしめるが故である。法性真如を大乗と名づけるのは、乗の性であるが故である。故にこの文を引いて、運載を乗と名づけることの証とするのである。
問:水抄に言う「問:有為は動転があるので、乗と名づけることを得べし。
【左頁】
無為は動転が無い。如何にして乗と名づけることを得るのか」とあるが、如何に答えるか。
答:次に言う「六度万行は所乗である。真如は所乗に性を与える。故にまた大乗と名づける。乗の本であるが故に、また乗と名づける。正しく能く運載するのは即ちこれ有為である。有為は他に依る。無為もまた乗を知ることを得る。船(事)が水(理)に依るが如く、水が運の名を得る。故に事理倶に能く行者を運載して、彼岸に至らしめるが故である。運はこの二種に通ずる」と。
問:章に言う「事理倶に能く行者を運載し、自運・運他して、彼岸に於いて至る。皆乗と名づける」とあるが、意味は何か。
答:これは上に証を引き了えて、運載を乗と名づける義を結成するのである。事とは六度万行である。理とは法性真如である。
問:章に言う「問:因行は能く自運して果に至るを以って乗と名づけるべし。仏果は自運が息するを以って、応に是れ乗体に非ざるべし」とあるが、如何に答えるか。
答:章に言う「答に五義有り」と。
問:その五義とは何か。
答:章に言う「一者、運載を以って乗と名づける。因中に二運に通ず。果に至って他を運ずることを広める。これによりまた乗と名づける」と(文意は知り易い)。
二者、体が能く二運に通ずる。能体並びに乗と名づける。果中に体に能有り。無に非ざれば、また乗摂である。割るを以って刀と名づけるが如し。能有れば即ち刀に摂す。要しくも現に割るのみを以って、能有れば是れ刀に非ざるに非ず。仏果の徳体は、能く二運を為す。要しくも用を現して方に乗と名づけるに非ず」と。意味は、仏果の徳体上に、自運の功能有り。自運せずといえども、また猶お乗と名づける。譬えば割る時に刀と名づけ、割らない時にも猶お刀と名づけるが如きである。
三者、二乗は唯だ自運のみで小さい。尚お
【下段】
乗の名を得る。況んや仏は他を運ずることを広める。何の理を以って乗摂に非ざらんや」と(文意は知り易い)。
四者、因中の理智は、能く双運す。二用勝るるが故に乗と名づけることを得る。果中の理と智とは因を修して成る。因乗の種類であるを以って、また乗に摂す」と。
水抄に言う「意味は、果中に唯だ自運無きのみならず。設え運他無しといえども、また乗と名づける。是れ因中の自運の種類である。故に習気もまた煩悩と名づけるが如し」と。
五者、因中の二運は常に増進す。作用現勝するを以って乗と名づけることを得る。果中の自運は未来を窮め、他をして増進せしめて果の称を得る」と。
水抄に言う「因中の二運常に増進すと言うのは、即ち自運・運他である。自運もまた増進し、運他もまた増進す。二運間断せざるが故に、常増進と名づけるのである。果中の自運は未来を窮める。自利である。他をして増進せしめる。また乗摂の利他である。他人を教化して成仏せしめる。故に各々他をして増進せしめる。即ち摩訶般若は、常に法身を照らす。唯識論に言う『謂くこの心品は諸分別を離れ、所縁行相微細にして知り難く、忘れず、一切境相に愚ならず、性相清浄にして諸雑染を離れ、純浄円徳、現種依持、能く身土智影を現生せしめ、無間無断にして、未来際を窮める。大円鏡の衆色縁を現ずるが如し』」と(これは大円鏡智の体を説く文である)。
意味は、摩訶般若常に法身を照らすと言い、及び所引の唯識論の文は、自運の義を釈すのである。論文の意は、疏を検すべきである。
問:この五義中、正否は如何。
答:章の判に言う「初めの四義は他に随って正しからず。後の一つは
英語訳
【Right Page】
Like a conjured city, it is not real nirvana. Therefore it is said to be absent.
Question: The treatise states: "In the Nirvana Sutra, the three aspects of Mahaprajñā, Dharma-body, and liberation are already considered complete fulfillment, called great nirvana. Therefore, this One Vehicle has the two truths as its substance." What does this mean?
Answer: This is the second citation of text from the Nirvana Sutra as evidence, concluding and establishing the meaning that the two truths are called the One Vehicle.
Question: Using this text, how is this proven?
Answer: Mahaprajñā refers to the wisdom that realizes (Mahā means "great"). Dharma-body refers to the true suchness that is realized. Liberation refers to the nirvana that is manifested. Prajñā is the truth of the path. Dharma-body and liberation are the truth of cessation. Possessing these two truths is called great parinirvana. That great nirvana is immediately the One Vehicle. Therefore it can establish the proof that the two truths are called the One Vehicle.
Question: The Abhidharma treatise states: "True suchness (basis of cessation), the noble path (what ceases), and non-arising of afflictions (nature of cessation) are called the truth of cessation." Therefore these three aspects are merely nirvana as the truth of cessation. Yet why use these three aspects of the truth of cessation as proof that the truth of the path is also called the One Vehicle?
Answer: The Abhidharma treatise's meaning is that the basis of cessation, what ceases, and the nature of cessation are combined and called the truth of cessation. The meaning is that the truth of the path that ceases returns to the basis of cessation and is combined to be called the truth of cessation. This calls great parinirvana the truth of cessation, which is the same as the Nirvana Sutra calling the perfect fulfillment of the three points great nirvana. Therefore it can establish proof that the two truths of cessation and path are called the One Vehicle. By challenging the Abhidharma treatise's text, it conversely establishes proof because it is the same as the Nirvana Sutra.
Question: If the One Vehicle has these two truths as its substance, why additionally present the previous three substances and five approaches?
Answer: The previous three substances abandon various texts to create categories, and in presenting substances there are naturally three substances. The next five approaches involve repeated detailed analysis within the previous three substances, having the sequence of five approaches. Now those three substances and five approaches are discriminated according to the Four Noble Truths approach,
【Lower Section】
immediately incorporating the two truths of cessation and path to make them the substance. This is the ultimate One Vehicle substance.
Why is discriminating according to the Four Noble Truths to present the One Vehicle substance considered the ultimate substance?
Answer: Though sacred teachings are countless and varied, they do not exceed the Four Noble Truths. Therefore presenting substance according to the Four Noble Truths is considered the ultimate meaning.
Question: Why present substance according to the truths of cessation and path without taking the truths of suffering and origination?
Answer: Suffering and origination are conditioned and are dharmas that should be known and eliminated. They are the cause and effect of cyclic existence. Therefore they cannot be the One Vehicle substance. This is why they are not taken. Cessation and path are unconditioned and are dharmas that should be realized and cultivated. They are the cause and effect of return to cessation. Therefore they constitute the One Vehicle substance.
Thus ends the first section.
Question: What is the meaning of the second section on explaining names?
Answer: Explaining the name "One Vehicle" is the meaning of this section. Therefore the treatise states: "Explaining the name means that 'vehicle' has the meaning of transportation. Therefore the Guangya states 'vehicle means to drive,' and the Zhou li states 'vehicle means to carry.' It transports practitioners to reach the other shore." This first explains the name "vehicle." Explaining "one" is as follows (the character "zhi" is probably "ye"). The other shore refers to bodhi and nirvana.
Question: The treatise states: "Therefore this sutra says 'riding this jeweled cart, going directly to the place of enlightenment.'" What does this mean?
Answer: This cites evidence to explain the meaning of vehicle. Since it says "riding this and going directly," the meaning of transportation is the meaning of vehicle. The meaning of the sutra text is as already recorded above.
Question: The treatise states: "The Mahāyānasaṃgraha also states: 'The six perfections and myriad practices are both vehicle and great; dharma-nature and true suchness are the great nature that is ridden.'" What does this mean?
Answer: This is also evidence. The meaning is that the six perfections and myriad practices are called Mahāyāna because they transport practitioners to reach the other shore. Dharma-nature and true suchness are called Mahāyāna because they are the nature of the vehicle. Therefore this text is cited as evidence that transportation is called vehicle.
Question: The Water Commentary states: "Question: Since the conditioned has movement and change, it can be called vehicle.
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The unconditioned lacks movement and change. How can it be called vehicle?" How should this be answered?
Answer: Next it states: "The six perfections and myriad practices are what is ridden. True suchness gives nature to what is ridden. Therefore it is also called Mahāyāna. Being the root of the vehicle, it is also called vehicle. What properly transports is immediately the conditioned. The conditioned depends on others. The unconditioned can also be known as vehicle. Like a boat (phenomena) depending on water (principle), water gains the name of transportation. Therefore both phenomena and principle can transport practitioners to reach the other shore. Transportation penetrates these two kinds."
Question: The treatise states: "Both phenomena and principle can transport practitioners, through self-transportation and transporting others, reaching the other shore. All are called vehicle." What does this mean?
Answer: This concludes citing evidence and establishes the meaning that transportation is called vehicle. Phenomena refers to the six perfections and myriad practices. Principle refers to dharma-nature and true suchness.
Question: The treatise states: "Question: Causal practices can transport themselves to reach fruition, so they can be called vehicle. Since Buddha fruition ceases self-transportation, it should not be the vehicle substance." How is this answered?
Answer: The treatise states: "The answer has five meanings."
Question: What are those five meanings?
Answer: The treatise states: "First, transportation is called vehicle. In the cause there is penetration of two transportations. Upon reaching fruition, transporting others is expanded. Through this it is also called vehicle" (the textual meaning is easy to understand).
"Second, the substance can penetrate two transportations. Both the capable substance are called vehicle. In fruition the substance has capability. Not being without it, it is also included in vehicle. Like calling cutting a knife. Having capability it is immediately included in knife. It is not necessary to actually be cutting; having capability is not non-knife. The Buddha fruition's virtue substance can perform two transportations. It is not necessary to manifest function before being called vehicle." The meaning is that on the Buddha fruition's virtue substance there is the capability of self-transportation. Though not self-transporting, it is still called vehicle. Like when cutting it is called knife, and when not cutting it is still called knife.
"Third, the Two Vehicles only self-transport the small and still
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gain the name vehicle. How much more does Buddha extensively transport others. By what principle would it not be included in vehicle?" (The textual meaning is easy to understand).
"Fourth, principle and wisdom in the cause can perform dual transportation. Because the two functions are superior they gain the name vehicle. Principle and wisdom in fruition are accomplished through cultivating the cause. Being of the same category as the causal vehicle, they are also included in vehicle."
The Water Commentary states: "The meaning is that in fruition there is not only no self-transportation. Even if there were no transporting others, it would also be called vehicle. This is the same category as self-transportation in the cause. Therefore it is like afflictive seeds also being called afflictions."
"Fifth, the two transportations in the cause constantly advance. Because the functions are manifestly superior they gain the name vehicle. Self-transportation in fruition extends through future time, causing others to advance and gaining the designation of fruition."
The Water Commentary states: "Saying 'the two transportations in the cause constantly advance' means self-transportation and transporting others. Self-transportation also advances and transporting others also advances. Because the two transportations are uninterrupted, they are called 'constantly advancing.' Self-transportation in fruition extends through future time—this is self-benefit. Causing others to advance is also included in vehicle as benefiting others. Teaching and transforming others to achieve Buddhahood, therefore each causes others to advance. Namely, Mahaprajñā constantly illuminates the Dharma-body. The Vijñānavāda treatise states: 'This mental factor is free from all discrimination, its object and aspects are subtle and difficult to know, it does not forget, is not deluded about all objective aspects, its nature and characteristics are pure and free from all defilements, it is purely perfect virtue, supporting present seeds, capable of manifesting and generating body, land, and wisdom reflections, without interruption or cessation, extending to future time, like a great round mirror manifesting various object-conditions'" (this is text explaining the substance of the great mirror wisdom).
The meaning is that saying "Mahaprajñā constantly illuminates the Dharma-body" and the cited Vijñānavāda treatise text explain the meaning of self-transportation. The meaning of the treatise text should be examined in commentaries.
Question: Among these five meanings, what is correct or incorrect?
Answer: The treatise judges: "The first four meanings follow others incorrectly. The latter one