英語訳
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Five Minds Chapter
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Eight
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through causes. The defilement-purity of the five consciousnesses occurs through only one cause, namely what was previously led forth. Now speaking of the defilement-purity mind of the five consciousnesses, therefore it says "because of this being led forth, up to the arising of defilement-purity dharmas." "Not through one's own discriminative power" clarifies that among the two causes, the discriminative cause is lacking. To generally reveal the meaning: the five minds of one's own consciousness arise in sequence continuously, with other consciousnesses arising without interruption in between. Therefore it says "self and others are both undisturbed."
The text "Others disturbed, self not... gives rise to seeking mind" - "The five minds of one's own consciousness still arise before and after" means they arise without disturbing the sequence. "As Yogācāra explains, etc." - this cites two passages to prove that seeking necessarily arises after sudden arising. The first is from Volume 3, the latter from Volume 63. "After the five sudden arisings, seeking definitely arises" - this is explained regarding objectifying unfamiliar objects. If it concerns familiar objects, then it is indefinite.
The text "Some people say... because it violates doctrinal principles" - Master Wŏnhyo and others also employ this interpretation, as in the Golden Drum Commentary. "Violates doctrinal principles" - the doctrine refers to Yogācāra Volume 3 saying "After one moment of the five consciousnesses arises, immediately following this, mentation necessarily arises." "Mentation" here means seeking. The principle is that if the object is not yet familiar, after sudden arising occurs, seeking must arise. This principle is definite. Now this master's interpretation violates these doctrinal principles, hence "violates doctrinal principles." If already familiar or in an autonomous stage, after sudden arising mind, seeking does not arise, but decision immediately arises. As Yogācāra explains, the mentation arising immediately after the five consciousnesses is either seeking or decision. Explaining the word "either" shows it is not definitively one. However, following the majority, seeking arises first, as explained in the Compilation.
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The text "Yogācāra also says... enters the defilement-purity stage" - "Immediately after seeking, sometimes scattered, etc." - this passage only explains that what follows seeking is indefinite, not explaining that what follows decision and purification is indefinite. Because the principle extends to all. As explained in the Yogācāra Commentary. "Or entering other minds" refers to defilement-purity and other minds. "Lead forth and escape" - "escape" means easy and forgotten.
The text "Defilement-purity stage arises... disturbed self undisturbed" - "Because it permits multiple moments" means eye-consciousness defilement-purity continues for multiple moments because it is difficult to arise. This depends on the correct interpretation permitting the five consciousnesses to have defilement-purity mind. Therefore, if following the first master, this passage is extremely difficult. That master himself permits that when mentation is in defilement-purity stage, the five consciousnesses do not arise. Therefore, if it were mentation's defilement-purity mind, mentation's defilement-purity is only one moment. After the second moment, it immediately belongs to equal-flow. How could it be named "multiple moments"? From this it is clearly known that the first interpretation is incorrect.
The text "Three: self-disturbed mind... all below should be understood by analogy" - "Self-disturbed mind undisturbed" means that although ear and other consciousnesses do not arise intermittently, within eye-consciousness, other objects seize and arise, other object minds cease, and one's own mind arises again, therefore it says "self-disturbed mind undisturbed." "Or immediately decision" means after the previous sudden arising, if one has not sought for long, seeking arises again, leading forth and generating decision. If one has already sought for long, seeking does not arise, but decision immediately arises. Therefore it says "or immediately arises decision."
The text "Or from initial mind... disturbed mind undisturbed" - "Initially arising defilement-purity" refers to one's own defilement-purity mind. The passage is clear and easy to understand.
The text "Above clarifies 'not'... other minds are similar" - the passage is clear and understandable. "If arising in succession, reaching equal-
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Five Minds Chapter
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flow mind, etc." - some versions say "If not violating, arising next to equal-flow mind, then named undisturbed." The different texts have the same meaning. Question: After equal-flow mind, do the previous four minds arise again? Answer: Master Wŏnhyo says equal-flow does not give rise to seeking and decision immediately after the five consciousnesses. The reason is that after arising and deciding, defilement-purity then arises, and equal-flow arises after defilement-purity mind. Therefore it is known that immediately after this, defilement-purity mind, etc., arises again, as in the Golden Drum Commentary. The chapter-master's current intention lacks clear passages. Speaking according to principle, since equal-flow mind is permitted to be multiple moments, after equal-flow, previous minds do not arise again.
The text "Self-disturbed mind also... other methods are the same" - "Only because eye-object-consciousness-mind are all disturbed together," not because of disturbance by sound and other objects, therefore it says "self-disturbed mind is also disturbed." The passage is clear and understandable.
The text "Sixth: various minds... because they can arise simultaneously" - "Eight consciousnesses arise simultaneously at one time" - Yogācāra Volume 51, Consciousness-Only Volume 5, etc., all say "Ālaya-consciousness operates simultaneously with the seven [other consciousnesses] at one time." Therefore it is known that the five minds of various consciousnesses mutually influence each other and arise simultaneously.
The text "There is also eye-consciousness... because there is no theoretical obstruction" - simultaneous mentation theoretically exists without doubt, therefore it is not mentioned. Question: For example, when eye-consciousness sudden arising is morally neutral and ear-consciousness equal-flow is wholesome, what nature does the mentation arising simultaneously with these two consciousnesses have? Explanation: If eye-consciousness sudden arising object is strong and ear-consciousness equal-flow object is weak, then it follows the strong and its nature is determined. If the equal-flow object is strong, then it follows that and its nature is determined. Question: If so, the mentation arising simultaneously with equal-flow ear-consciousness is already wholesome nature. Why does it lead forth morally neutral eye-consciousness? Although neutral does not contradict good and bad, good
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and bad contradict neutral. Explanation: Like mentation in concentration, while already being wholesome nature, it can lead forth morally neutral ear-consciousness. What obstruction would there be for mentation arising simultaneously with ear-consciousness equal-flow, though being of good or bad nature, to be able to lead forth morally neutral eye-consciousness? This principle is somewhat difficult. Students should contemplate it.
The text "Like eye-consciousness arising... therefore it is not explained" - "Since it is not correct doctrine" - Hinayāna Sarvāstivāda, etc., do not permit six consciousnesses to arise simultaneously. Now this master's interpretation is the same as heterodox schools where minds do not arise together, therefore it says "since it is not correct doctrine."
The text "Seventh: beginning and end... because of encountering separately" - "Sudden arising and seeking minds are many, equal-flow few" means the five consciousnesses simultaneously each encounter different objects, generating the first two minds without yet arising other minds. At this time, eye-consciousness suddenly encounters new objects, immediately giving rise to sudden arising up to equal-flow. This time is named "sudden arising and seeking minds are many, equal-flow mind is few." "Or sudden arising and seeking are few, equal-flow minds many" means the five consciousnesses simultaneously each encounter new objects, giving rise to sudden arising mind up to defilement-purity, not yet arising equal-flow. Because it permits five consciousness defilement-purity to be multiple moments, at this time one eye-consciousness again encounters new objects, giving rise to sudden arising mind up to equal-flow. Then the defilement-purity of mentation simultaneous with eye-consciousness leads forth and gives rise to eye-consciousness equal-flow and the equal-flow of the previous four consciousnesses. In this time, there are combined eye-consciousness sudden arising, the two minds of seeking, and the six consciousness equal-flows now led forth, therefore it says "the first two minds are few, equal-flow minds are many." These six consciousness equal-flows now led forth depend on the power of defilement-purity of mentation arising simultaneously with the previous five consciousnesses