英語訳
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Five Minds Chapter
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Question: If the sudden arising of the five consciousnesses is only one moment, why does Yogācāra Volume 52 say "If these six serve as the immediately preceding conditions for those six consciousnesses," etc.? Explanation: That refers to the equal-flow five consciousnesses, not sudden arising, so there is no contradiction.
The text "According to one theory regarding mentation... the previous explanation is good" - this presents an alternative theory.
The text "Because initially falling into objects... because of defilement-purity mind" - from here onwards it clarifies that the latter four minds continue for multiple moments. "Because initially falling into objects, afterwards it is not sudden arising" means that initially falling into objects is named sudden arising, and from the second moment afterwards, it necessarily pursues the previous or immediately decides, hence it says "afterwards it is not sudden arising." "Decision [lasts] multiple moments, etc." means that initial seeking does not immediately give rise to decision. Also, initial decision cannot immediately give rise to defilement-purity. Therefore seeking and decision extend through multiple continuous moments.
The text "Hearing sound in concentration... also arises for multiple moments" - this clarifies that seeking continues for multiple moments. "Hearing sound in concentration, etc." proves that seeking mind continues for multiple moments. This is explained at the end of the Samāhita-bhūmi in Yogācāra Volume 63: "There are practitioners who, when encountering sound conditions and emerging from concentration, hear sounds through the simultaneous operation of ear-consciousness encountering sound and mentation corresponding to concentration," etc. Now pointing to that passage, it says "hearing sound in concentration." I think when the treatise says "practitioners," it is like Mahāmaudgalyāyana who, while sitting in the concentration of nothingness beside Markata Pool, heard elephants roaring and monkeys playing, and immediately emerged from concentration. Now pointing to this person, it says "practitioners." The Sarvāstivāda school says
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one hears after emerging from concentration. Therefore the Jñānaprasthāna, Volume 19, says: "As explained, the Venerable Mahāmaudgalyāyana said: 'Honored one, I myself remember dwelling in the concentration of nothingness and hearing sounds of many dragon-elephants roaring, etc., beside Mandākinī Pool. Did that venerable one hear while in concentration, or after emerging from concentration?' Answer: He heard after emerging from concentration. Not while in concentration." In Mahāyāna, one emerges after hearing. If one did not first hear, how would one emerge from concentration? Question: Does mentation in concentration objectify only concentration objects, or does it also objectify sound objects? Answer: It objectifies both types of objects universally. As the Discourse on Manifestation states: "Also, when dwelling in concentration and apprehending external sounds, it should be known that apprehension occurs through two types: first, through mentation that distinguishes concentration objects and various objects; second, through ear-consciousness arising simultaneously with this." This is detailed in those explanations. Question: How can the mind in formless concentration objectify objects like sounds in the desire realm? Answer: Yogācāra Volume 65, etc., explains that śrāvakas with extensive wisdom, both learners and non-learners, objectify phenomena of the three realms with formless realm mind. Therefore there is no contradiction. "Having already attained autonomy, etc." proves that decision mind extends through multiple moments. This is a passage from Consciousness-Only Volume 4.
The text "Defilement-purity mind... because it is equal-flow" - this clarifies that defilement-purity of the five consciousnesses continues for multiple moments, while defilement-purity of mentation is only one moment. In defilement-purity mind, if it arises after the five consciousnesses, it also extends through continuity. When the five consciousnesses have not yet arisen, it is not named equal-flow. Because it first objectifies the past and gives rise to defilement-purity mind, then when objectifying similar objects, it finally gives rise to equal-flow. Because it is difficult to arise, in principle it extends through continuity. "This depends on the five consciousnesses as equal-flow mind" means depending on the defilement-purity mind of the five consciousnesses to lead forth and generate one's own equal-flow mind. "If mentation equal-flow, etc." means if it is the equal-flow mind of independently arising mentation,
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Five Minds Chapter
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defilement-purity is only one moment. From the next second moment onwards, it immediately belongs to equal-flow.
The text "Only equal-flow mind... because it explains sudden arising" - the first explanation's meaning is that Yogācāra Volume 3 says: "Also, after one moment of five consciousnesses arises, immediately following this, mentation necessarily arises. When it says 'five consciousnesses,' it is not only sudden arising." Because the text does not make distinctions. Therefore it should be known that equal-flow of the five consciousnesses is also only one moment. Now pointing to that passage, it says "as previously cited explanations state." The second explanation's meaning is that when the treatise says "one moment of five consciousnesses," it only explains sudden arising and does not explain equal-flow. Therefore equal-flow of the five consciousnesses continues for multiple moments. If not so, it would contradict the above passage "equal-flow eye-consciousness turns in good and unwholesome."
The text "Detailed analysis also explains... in principle necessarily continues" - this cites proof to clarify that equal-flow mind extends through multiple moments. "Detailed analysis also explains, etc." refers to passages from Yogācāra Detailed Analysis Volume 52. "Consciousness-Only also states, etc." refers to passages from Volume 4. The meaning of citing the first passage is: if it were one moment, what kind of immediately preceding condition would it be? The meaning of citing the latter passage is: because objects are already strong and superior, they extend through multiple moments. "Playful-forgetful gods, etc." are equivalent to wrathful gods. These are the upper four gods of the desire realm, without separate locations. However, Abhidharmamahāvibhāṣā Volume 199 has two explanations. First: "dwelling on the terraces of Sumeru." Second: "namely the Thirty-three Gods." Because these good and evil persons have strong conditions that are difficult to abandon, the five consciousness-bodies definitely have continuity. Explaining it as "only one moment" refers to sudden arising, so there is no contradiction.
The text "Therefore the current correct theory... all extend through multiple moments" - "sudden arising is mostly only one moment, etc." Question: The previous passage said "whether independently arising mentation or mentation arising with the five, the sudden arising mind stage is only one moment."
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How can it now say "sudden arising is mostly only one moment"? Since it says "mostly," by inference it should be known that a few extend through multiple moments. Explanation: According to tradition, based on this passage, Master Kuiji's intention that sudden arising also extends through multiple moments is incorrect. Naming the sudden arising of the five consciousnesses, etc., as "one moment" treats multiple arising and ceasing collectively as one moment. The Benevolent King Sūtra says: "Sixty moments make one thought, and one moment has nine hundred arisings and ceasings." It should be known that the term "moment" also collectively refers to multiple arisings and ceasings. From this it should be known that "many" means extremely many. That is, the time that sudden arising mind experiences is extremely long, extending through sixty moments. Therefore it says "many." "Only one thought" is extremely brief, extending through one or two arisings and ceasings. Due to this meaning, Yogācāra, etc., says "one moment, etc." "Or all extend through multiple thoughts" - when it says "multiple thoughts," it means multiple arisings and ceasings.
The text "The fifth [discusses] disturbed/undisturbed... disturbed mind undisturbed" - when it says "self, others, etc.," for example, among the five consciousnesses, eye-consciousness is named "self" and ear[-consciousness], etc., are named "others." Question: Why is there "self disturbed, mind undisturbed" and "others disturbed, mind undisturbed," and "others disturbed, self undisturbed," but no "self and others undisturbed"? Explanation: "Others disturbed, mind undisturbed" corresponds to "others disturbed, self undisturbed." Also, "self disturbed, others undisturbed" corresponds to "self disturbed, mind undisturbed." Therefore they are not explained separately.
The text "Self and others both not... therefore attains defilement-purity" - "Only through leading forth" onwards is the chapter-master's text. "And serving as causes, therefore defilement-purity dharmas arise, etc." means that defilement-purity mind arising occurs through two causes: first, through discrimination; second, through what was previously led forth. "Discrimination" means presently discriminating when one has not yet attained objects. "Previously led forth" means having previously already attained objects and now being thoroughly familiar with them. Mentation's defilement-purity is complete through both