英語訳
**Right Page**
**Mahāyāna Yogācāra Research and Investigation Chapter, Volume 5**
**Upper Section:**
body, and third is the transformation body. Question: What is called the transformation body? Answer: There are two transformation bodies. First is the Buddha-form transformation body, second is the five-destinies transformation body. Question: What does this mean? Answer: Coming down from heaven, taking birth in a royal palace, practicing austerities for six years, attaining enlightenment under a tree. While appearing the same as humans and gods, one finally achieves Buddha form. After the Buddha's passing into nirvana, one manifests five-destinies bodies, which are not Buddha forms. There are the body during the Buddha's lifetime and the body after the Buddha's passing into nirvana, therefore there are two transformation bodies.
Question: When one person develops the aspiration, practices, and attains the fruit, why must there necessarily be three bodies in the fruit? Answer: At the time of initial aspiration, two types of wisdom arise. First is the vow to seek bodhi, second is the vow to benefit others. Through seeking bodhisattva wisdom, one generates the dharma body. This is the true Buddha body that pervades and fills the dharma realm with no place where it does not exist. It possesses the four wisdom categories and four nirvanas, is peacefully blissful, permanently abiding and unchanging. The three dots and four virtues are perfectly complete. Through the wisdom to benefit others, that true Buddha body creates two types of bodies. First is the enjoyment body for others. This body is created for tenth-ground bodhisattvas and others. Second is the transformation body. This body is created for pre-ground Two Vehicle practitioners and ordinary beings. Because there are two types of people to be taught, there are two types of bodies. Combined with the original true body, these form the three bodies.
Question: Such three bodies are understood to have three distinctions through wisdom, but is it that if there are three in the cause, one attains the three bodies? Or does one attain the three bodies without separate causes? Answer: There are separate causes and conditions for attaining the three bodies. Namely, first is the generating cause, second is the revealing cause. The generating cause refers to the dharma-nature seed essence that has existed from beginningless time and is of superior quality. There are also the six perfections, which assist the generating cause. Through these two generating causes—primary and auxiliary—one attains these three bodies. Question: Do the Buddha's three
**Lower Section:**
bodies come only from generating causes, or are there revealing causes? Answer: The principle dharma body Buddha is attained through revealing causes. The others are attained through generating causes. Question: Are the so-called two causes separate or the same? Answer: One cause divides into two. Namely, in relation to the principle dharma body it serves as the revealing cause, and in relation to the other Buddha bodies it serves as the generating cause. The six perfections and dharma-nature seeds exist and divide into two in relation to the fruit.
Question: In these three bodies, how many dharma gates are attained? Answer: Boundless dharma gates such as the four wisdoms and four nirvanas are perfectly possessed.
Question: What are called the four wisdoms? Answer: First is great perfect mirror wisdom, second is equality-nature wisdom, third is wonderful observation wisdom, fourth is accomplishment wisdom.
Question: What is called great perfect mirror wisdom? Answer: "Great" means vast, "perfect" means complete, "mirror" means reflection. It is named through metaphor. Like a great bright mirror manifesting various images, this wisdom similarly can manifest the wisdom-reflections of generated bodies and lands. Therefore it is called perfect mirror.
Question: In the causal stage there are eight consciousnesses. Which consciousness is transformed to attain this perfect mirror wisdom? Answer: The eighth consciousness is transformed to attain this wisdom.
Question: What is called equality-nature wisdom? Answer: "Equal" means uniform, "equality" means evenness, "nature" means true nature. The name comes from the object. Because it observes the equality-nature of all dharmas and self-other sentient beings. Therefore it is called equality-nature wisdom. Question: Which consciousness is transformed to attain this? Answer: The seventh manas consciousness is transformed to attain this wisdom. Therefore it is called equality-nature wisdom.
Question: What is called wonderful observation wisdom? Answer: "Wonderful" means extraordinary, "observation" means contemplation, "investigation" means careful examination. The name comes from function. Because it illuminates characteristics and nature without obstruction. Therefore it is called wonderful observation wisdom.
Question: What is called accomplishment wisdom? Answer: "Accomplishment"
**Left Page**
**Upper Section:**
means completion, "action" means transformation. The name comes from function. Because it generates transformations to benefit sentient beings. Therefore it is called accomplishment wisdom. The first two are possessive compounds, the latter two are descriptive compounds.
Question: What do these four wisdoms take as their essence? Answer: If by self-nature, they take wisdom among the specific object mental factors as essence. If by retinue, they take the five aggregates that are mutually associated as essence.
Question: How many dharmas are these four wisdoms associated with? Answer: They are constantly associated with twenty-one dharmas. Including the mind-king, there are twenty-two dharmas. Question: What are the twenty-one dharmas? Answer: Five omnipresent, five specific objects, eleven wholesome, combining to make twenty-one. Including the mind-king, there are twenty-two.
Question: The Ornament Treatise says "transforming the five consciousnesses attains wonderful observation wisdom, transforming the mental consciousness attains action wisdom." Why is there disagreement with this interpretation? Answer: That Ornament Treatise contains translator errors. Some people say "it is to show function—wouldn't that be reasonable?"
Question: At what stage do these eight consciousnesses transform to attain the four wisdoms? Answer: The two wisdoms of wonderful observation and equality first transform at the seeing path of the first ground. Regarding these two wisdoms and perfect mirror and transformation wisdom, there are two explanations. One says "only subsequently attained wisdom," another says "there is also fundamental wisdom." The other three all possess both.
Question: Why doesn't the first ground transform the five consciousnesses and eighth consciousness but only two wisdoms? Answer: The eighth consciousness is the root of birth-death, so if it were transformed at the first ground, who would hold the contaminated seeds of the ten grounds? The five consciousnesses depend on the five sense organs which are contaminated, so how could they be transformed?
Question: Why does great perfect mirror wisdom only correspond with the eighth consciousness and not others? Answer: The eighth consciousness, from beginningless time, through births in six destinies, holds contaminated and
**Lower Section:**
uncontaminated seeds without loss, constantly present in the Buddha fruit stage. This wisdom can uphold the three wisdoms, bodies, and lands. Therefore it is associated with the eighth consciousness.
Question: Why is equality-nature wisdom associated with the seventh consciousness? Answer: The seventh consciousness, in the causal stage, creates self-other distinctions due to grasping at self. Now without self-grasping, there is equal great compassion, etc. Constantly mutually corresponding. Therefore it is associated with this consciousness.
Question: Why is wonderful observation associated with mental consciousness? Answer: This sixth consciousness, in the causal stage, can cognize the specific and general characteristics of all dharmas. In the fruition stage, associated with this consciousness, this wisdom wonderfully observes the specific and general characteristics of dharmas to teach others. The merit of perfected cause is immeasurable, the virtue of complete fruit is boundless. The four wisdom mind-groups, four nirvanas, three bodies, four virtues, three mindful abidings, the ten powers of the Tathagata, three fearlessnesses, four confidences, exclusive dharmas, four types of all-type purity, three-dot great compassion, ten masteries, complete thirty-two major marks, eighty minor marks, countless unforgetting dharmas, four wonderful wisdoms, possessing one hundred forty dharmas. Fearing that people of the final age would grow weary, I abbreviate. I hope wise ones will understand this together.
I now briefly praise according to my ability. The ordinary mind does not understand what accords with principle. Offering support to our sovereign, aspiring for a thousand generations, constantly turning the golden wheel to subdue all nations. May ministers and officials support the court. May the body be healthy, life long, peaceful and joyful. May all sentient beings equally gain merit, quickly escape birth-death and realize nirvana.
The complete five fascicles on the right. Due to insect damage, they could not be repaired and were abandoned at the bottom of the box for nearly a year. One day examining them, I found it difficult to simply abandon them. I had disciple monks Kakue, Ō, and Jikō supplement the missing parts and add repairs, transmitting them to future generations. This is also for the perusal of Venerable Kenpō and others. I humbly pray that past masters quickly turn their compassionate eyes and fulfill this foolish wish.
Hōreki 5th year, cyclical year Kinoto-I, 6th month, 15th day
Shingon Sect Kangaku-in Monk-Administrator Kenka (age 72)