[天明三年浅間山噴火] - 翻刻

翻刻

一天明三癸卯年六月末方ゟ浅間山鳴出し
　七月朔日頃より鳴音強く砂吹出す山の内
　東北之方に大門沢といふ沢有此澤より泥湯
　火石吹出す荒増聞書
一火交泥湯高サ凡拾五丈程幅三里程吹出す
一利根川筋泥湯大海のごとく又高サ壱丈四五尺位
　も有之火石数多押込川不残湯二成家蔵道具
　材木押懸り流来ㇽ人なんまん何万人とも数不知其外牛馬
　畜類数しれず尤右之石よりほのふ吹出シ右之
　火石材木死人押懸り利根川をせきり夫
　より本庄裏手二廻り小山川へ押込見渡す
　所泥海の如し
一薄墨の処者村々家々人々押流され一向
　跡嶋候村々又ハ火石に当り焼或者家屋敷
　泥二埋ミ或者火の雨抔と心得蔵抔へ逃込
　其侭水死いたし候村どもなり
一藍の処者泥湯押込甚難渋の村々右之
　泥場折々焼上候事誠に恐しき有様
　筆紙に盡しがたし此村の内には処々より
　村半分通りて泥押込村半分者石交りの
　砂多く障候村も有村々不同有之候へ共夥敷事故
　泥砂ともに取控候所無之併人々多分逃去
　人死ハ多く無之候絵図之通天変の村数都合
　百六十余村なり
一在宿亦者壱里余之松原なとは幅三里程
　端々浮嶋のごとく押出す
一平塚川岸に四間八間の火石押流れ止ㇽ七月
　八日昼九ッ時浅間山大内村沢ゟ右之火石同日
　七ッ時弐此川岸に来る凡弐十里余の行程を
　二時斗二来ㇽ事矢より疾く鉄炮よりも早し
　右火石二家道具立木流掛りほのふ焼上る事
　類なし恐しき事共也
一浅間山七月五日ゟ大きに焼出し八日迄火石を
　出す事夥敷浅間山六七里四方へ火石降絵図之外
　北東下野下総仙台辺二いたる迄砂灰降是ハ田畑二
　障候義ハ有之間敷哉下総結城境川岸辺ハ濃く
　江戸ハ少しくふる安房上総所々より弐三寸降
　七日八日ハ両日震動す東海道筋震動様子
　追々申来候先荒増を書記ス

現代語訳

一、天明三年癸卯年（1783年）六月末頃から浅間山が鳴動を始め、七月朔日（一日）頃から鳴音が強くなり砂を吹き出した。山の内の東北の方に大門沢という沢があり、この沢から泥湯と火石を吹き出した。以下はその概要の聞き書きである。

一、火を交えた泥湯が高さ凡そ十五丈（約45メートル）程、幅三里（約12キロ）程吹き出した。

一、利根川筋に泥湯が大海のように流れ、また高さ一丈四、五尺（約4.5メートル）位もあり、火石が数多く押し込まれ、川は残らず湯となった。家蔵や道具、材木が押し流されて来て、人は何万人とも数知れず、その他牛馬や畜類も数知れない。特に右の石からは炎が吹き出し、右の火石、材木、死人が押し寄せて利根川を塞き止め、それから本庄の裏手に回って小山川へ押し込んだ。見渡す所は泥海のようである。

一、薄墨色の処は村々、家々、人々が押し流され、全く跡形もない村々、又は火石に当たって焼け、或いは家屋敷が泥に埋まり、或いは火の雨などと心得て蔵などへ逃げ込んで、そのまま水死した村どもである。

一、藍色の処は泥湯が押し込んで甚だ難渋している村々で、右の泥場が折々燃え上がることは誠に恐ろしい有様で、筆紙に尽くし難い。この村の内には所々から村の半分通りに泥が押し込み、村の半分は石交じりの砂が多く障害となっている村もあり、村々によって異なるが、おびただしいことなので、泥砂ともに取り除く所がない。しかし人々は多分逃げ去ったので、人死は多くない。絵図の通り、天変の村数は都合百六十余村である。

一、在郷や宿場、又は一里余りの松原などは幅三里程、端々が浮島のように押し出している。

一、平塚川岸に四間八間（約7.2×14.4メートル）の火石が押し流されて止まった。七月八日昼九つ時（正午頃）に浅間山大内村沢から右の火石が同日七つ時（午後4時頃）にこの川岸に来た。凡そ二十里余り（約80キロ）の行程を二時間ほどで来たことは、矢より速く鉄砲よりも早い。右の火石に家道具や立木が流れかかって炎で焼け上がることは類がなく、恐ろしいことである。

一、浅間山は七月五日から大きに焼け出し、八日まで火石を出すことがおびただしかった。浅間山の六、七里四方へ火石が降り、絵図の外の北東、下野、下総、仙台辺りに至るまで砂灰が降った。これは田畑に障害があるのではないかと思われる。下総結城境川岸辺りは濃く、江戸は少しく降り、安房上総では所々から二、三寸降った。七日八日の両日は震動した。東海道筋の震動の様子は追々申し来るが、先ずは概要を書き記す。

英語訳

1. From around the end of the sixth month of Tenmei 3, year of the Water Rabbit (1783), Mount Asama began to rumble. From around the first day of the seventh month, the rumbling sound became stronger and it began spewing sand. In the northeastern part of Yamanouchi, there is a valley called Ōmon-sawa, and from this valley mud-hot water and fire stones were ejected. The following is a rough summary based on hearsay.

1. Mud-hot water mixed with fire reached a height of approximately 15 jō (about 45 meters) and a width of about 3 ri (approximately 12 kilometers).

1. Along the Tone River, the mud-hot water flowed like a great sea, reaching a height of about 1 jō 4-5 shaku (approximately 4.5 meters). Countless fire stones were swept in, turning the entire river into hot water. Houses, storehouses, tools, and lumber were swept away. The number of people was in the tens of thousands, beyond count, and countless cattle, horses, and livestock as well. Flames erupted from these stones, and the fire stones, lumber, and corpses dammed up the Tone River, then flowed around to the back of Honjō and into the Koyama River. Everywhere one looked appeared like a sea of mud.

1. The areas shown in light gray are where villages, houses, and people were swept away, leaving villages with no trace remaining, or villages struck by fire stones and burned, or where houses and properties were buried in mud, or where people, thinking it was a rain of fire, fled into storehouses and drowned there.

1. The areas shown in indigo are villages severely affected by the influx of mud-hot water. The mud fields occasionally burst into flames, creating a truly terrifying scene that cannot be fully described in writing. Within these villages, mud pushed through about half of some villages, while the other half was heavily obstructed by sand mixed with stones. The conditions varied from village to village, but the scale was so enormous that there was nowhere to clear away the mud and sand. However, since most people fled, there were not many deaths. As shown in the illustration, the total number of villages affected by this natural disaster was over 160.

1. Rural areas, post towns, and pine groves extending over a ri were pushed out like floating islands across a width of about 3 ri.

1. A fire stone measuring 4 by 8 ken (approximately 7.2 by 14.4 meters) was swept down and stopped at the Hiratsuka riverbank. At the ninth hour of the day (around noon) on the eighth day of the seventh month, this fire stone left the Ōuchi village valley of Mount Asama and reached this riverbank at the seventh hour (around 4 PM) of the same day. Traveling a distance of over 20 ri (about 80 kilometers) in about 2 hours was faster than an arrow and swifter than a bullet. Household goods and standing trees caught on these fire stones and were consumed by flames in an unprecedented and terrifying manner.

1. Mount Asama erupted violently from the fifth day of the seventh month and continued ejecting fire stones until the eighth day on a massive scale. Fire stones fell within a 6-7 ri radius around Mount Asama, and beyond the area shown in the illustration, ash and sand fell as far as the northeast regions of Shimotsuke, Shimōsa, and the Sendai area. This may have caused damage to rice fields and farmland. The Shimōsa-Yūki border area along the riverbank was heavily covered, Edo received a light dusting, and various places in Awa and Kazusa received 2-3 sun (about 6-9 cm) of ash. On the seventh and eighth days, there were tremors for two days. Reports of tremors along the Tōkaidō route continue to arrive. This is a preliminary rough account.