翻刻
丑以＿レ寅為＿レ￣ン首￣ト也。昔伏羲氏。始造＿二八卦＿一。作＿二三画＿一。以￣テ象＿二二
十四気＿一￣二。黄帝因＿レ之。初￣テ作＿二調歴＿一。歴代十一更。五千余年￣ニシテ。
凡有＿二七歴＿一。顓頊以＿二今之孟春￣ノ月＿一￣ヲ為＿二歳首＿一。因￣テ其時。正月
朔旦立春￣ニシテ。而五星会＿二于天＿一。歴＿二営室＿一也。氷凍始￣テ泮￣カ。蟄虫
始発￣リ。鶏始三唱￣ス。天￣ハ曰￣ク作＿レ時。地￣ハ曰￣ク作＿レ昌。人￣ハ曰￣ク作＿レ楽鳥獣
万物。莫＿レ不＿レ応＿レ和。後謂￣ク顓-頊-聖-人￣ハ為＿二￣リ歴￣ノ宗＿一。而￣シテ夏継＿レ之。湯
作＿二殷歴＿一。弗＿三復以＿二正月朔旦立春建＿レ￣ヲ寅￣二為＿一レ￣コトヲ節￣ト也。更￣二以＿三子
月朔旦冬至＿一￣ヲ為＿二歳首＿一。随￣テ而易＿レ￣ルニ之以＿レ￣ス建＿レ丑也。《割書：后￣二魏￣ノ景初｜元年。亦以＿レ》
《割書：建＿レ丑為＿二｜正月＿一。》周易＿レ￣二之以＿レ建＿レ子也。三代以後。皆従＿二￣ヒ夏￣ノ節＿一。拠￣テ正＿二
四時＿一。夏￣ハ為＿レ得＿レ天￣ヲ。以＿下￣テノ承＿二堯舜＿一。従＿中顓頊＿上￣二故也。大戴￣二曰。虞夏
之暦￣ハ。建＿二￣ツー正￣ヲ于孟春＿一。此￣レ之謂也。孔子曰。行＿二￣ト夏之時＿一￣ヲ後世
因＿二￣テ聖人之一言＿一￣二。不＿二敢改＿一也。余謂￣ク。必以＿下古今以＿二冬至＿一定＿二
歴元＿一為＿中歳首＿上￣ト。後人不＿三復有＿二偏執游-移￣シテ従＿レ丑従＿上レ￣コト寅也。」方
師密之。掲子子宣。同＿レ￣ク余推測辨-正￣シテ。以￣テ為＿二￣ル万世￣ノ定法＿一￣ヲ。其
法当＿下￣二以＿レ天為＿二定盤＿一。《割書：所-謂静-天也。静天￣ハ｜即在＿二動天之中＿一。》以＿二黄道＿一為＿二定圏＿一。
《割書：嵌＿二動天之中＿一￣二。始｜終不＿二改従＿一者也。》以＿二十二宮＿一為＿二定-節-気＿一￣ト。《割書：依＿レ地為＿レ盤.。以分＿二｜子丑＿一。以＿レ気分＿レ宮。》
《割書：不＿二以＿レ日｜分＿レ宮也。》以＿二道￣ノ浅深＿一￣ヲ定＿レ宮。《割書：所-謂北-道￣ハ長。南-道￣ハ｜短。随＿二多寡＿一而分也。》以＿二冬至＿一為＿二
歳首＿一《割書：神農。高陽。周武。｜皆建＿レ之￣ヲ。為＿二歳首＿一。》以＿二日躔一日＿一為＿二定度＿一。《割書：不＿レ論＿二遅速＿一。｜一日為＿二一》
《割書：度＿一。以＿二日分度＿一｜不＿レ以＿二星￣ノ分-度＿一。》以＿二日到＿一レ宮紀＿レ日《割書：所謂冬至一日。冬至二｜日。行満＿二此宮＿一。則換＿レ節另￣ニ》
《割書：紀￣ス。以上￣ハ不＿レ｜用測算。》以＿二月到＿一レ宮紀＿レ月。《割書：月到＿二某節＿一。某日合朔。某日￣ハ｜弦望。到＿二南至＿一則為＿二一周＿一。》
現代語訳
丑や寅を首とするのである。昔、伏羲氏が初めて八卦を造り、三画を作って二十四気を象った。黄帝はそれに因って、初めて調暦を作った。歴代十一回改められ、五千余年で凡そ七つの暦があった。顓頊は今の孟春の月を歳首とした。その時、正月朔旦に立春となり、五星が天に会して、営室を経過した。氷が解け始め、冬眠していた虫が動き始め、鶏が三度鳴き始めた。天は「時を作る」と言い、地は「昌を作る」と言い、人は「楽を作る」と言い、鳥獣万物で応和しないものはなかった。後に顓頊聖人は暦の宗となったと言われる。夏はそれを継ぎ、湯が殷暦を作った。再び正月朔旦立春・建寅を節とすることはせず、さらに子月朔旦冬至をもって歳首とし、それに随って建丑に改めた。《割注：后魏の景初元年も建丑をもって正月とした。》周はそれを建子に改めた。三代以後は皆夏の節に従い、四時を正した。夏は堯舜を承け、顓頊に従ったことによって、天を得ているとされる。大戴に曰く、「虞夏の暦は、孟春に正を建てた」とはこのことである。孔子曰く、「夏の時を行う」と。後世は聖人の一言に因って、あえて改めなかった。
余謂えらく、古今必ず冬至をもって暦元を定め歳首とすべきである。後人はさらに丑に従ったり寅に従ったりするような偏った執着や游移をすることはないであろう。方師密之・掲子子宣は、余と同じく推測辨正して、万世の定法とした。その法は、天を定盤とし《割注：いわゆる静天である。静天はすなわち動天の中にある。》、黄道を定圏とし《割注：動天の中に嵌め込まれ、始終変わらず従うものである。》、十二宮を定節気とする《割注：地を盤として子丑を分かち、気をもって宮を分ける。日をもって宮を分けるのではない。》。道の浅深をもって宮を定め《割注：いわゆる北道は長く、南道は短い。多寡に随って分けるのである。》、冬至を歳首とし《割注：神農・高陽・周武は皆これを歳首として建てた。》、日躔一日を定度とし《割注：遅速を論ぜず、一日を一度とする。日の分度をもってし、星の分度をもってしない。》、日が宮に到るをもって日を紀し《割注：いわゆる冬至一日、冬至二日とし、この宮を行き満ちれば節を換えて別に記す。以上は測算を用いない。》、月が宮に到るをもって月を紀する。《割注：月が某節に到る。某日に合朔。某日は弦望。南至に到れば一周となる。》
英語訳
...to use Chou or Yin as the beginning. Long ago, Fuxi first created the Eight Trigrams, making three-line figures to represent the twenty-four seasonal qi. The Yellow Emperor followed this and first created the Tiao Calendar. Over successive dynasties it was revised eleven times, and over five thousand years there were approximately seven calendars in total. Zhuanxu used the current first month of spring as the beginning of the year. At that time, the first day of the first lunar month coincided with the Beginning of Spring, and the five planets gathered in the heavens, passing through the Encampment constellation. Ice began to thaw, hibernating insects began to stir, roosters began to crow three times. Heaven was said to "create the seasons," Earth was said to "create prosperity," humans were said to "create joy," and among birds, beasts, and all things, none failed to respond in harmony. Afterward, it was said that the sage Zhuanxu became the forefather of calendrical science. The Xia dynasty continued this tradition. Tang created the Yin Calendar. No longer using the first day of the first month coinciding with the Beginning of Spring and Jianyin as the seasonal node, he instead used the winter solstice on the first day of the Zi month as the beginning of the year, and accordingly changed it to Jianchou. 《Annotation: In the first year of Jingchu of the later Wei dynasty, Jianchou was also used as the first month.》 The Zhou changed it to Jianzi. After the Three Dynasties, all followed the Xia seasonal system and rectified the four seasons. The Xia is considered to have obtained the way of Heaven, because it inherited [the tradition of] Yao and Shun and followed Zhuanxu.
Da Dai states: "The calendar of Yu and Xia established the correct [beginning] in the first month of spring"—this is what that means. Confucius said, "Follow the seasons of the Xia." Later generations, relying on this single statement of the sage, did not dare to change it.
I [the author] maintain that, both in ancient times and today, one must invariably use the winter solstice to establish the calendar epoch and make it the beginning of the year. Later people will no longer have the partial bias or vacillation of following Chou or following Yin.
Fang Shi-mizhi and Jie Zi-zixuan, agreeing with my analysis and rectification, established this as a permanent law for all generations. This method should use Heaven as the fixed base 《Annotation: This is what is called the "static heaven." The static heaven is contained within the moving heaven.》, use the ecliptic as the fixed circle 《Annotation: Embedded within the moving heaven, it is something that does not change from beginning to end.》, and use the twelve palaces as the fixed seasonal qi 《Annotation: Using the Earth as the base plate, dividing Zi and Chou, dividing the palaces by qi—not dividing the palaces by the sun.》. The palaces are determined by the depth of the [sun's] path 《Annotation: The so-called northern path is long, and the southern path is short. They are divided according to their relative lengths.》. The winter solstice is used as the beginning of the year 《Annotation: Shennong, Gaoyang, and King Wu of Zhou all established this as the beginning of the year.》. The sun's daily travel is used as the fixed degree 《Annotation: Without regard to speed, one day equals one degree. Degrees are divided by the sun's [movement], not by the stars' divisions.》. The sun's arrival at a palace is used to record the days 《Annotation: The so-called "first day of winter solstice," "second day of winter solstice," etc. When [the sun] has traversed this palace, the seasonal node is changed and recorded anew. The above does not require observational calculation.》. The moon's arrival at a palace is used to record the months 《Annotation: [When] the moon arrives at a certain seasonal node, on a certain day there is a conjunction, on a certain day there is a quarter or full moon. When it reaches the summer solstice, one cycle is complete.》.