翻刻
達セハ其解又殆ト得易シ。然リト云ヘトモヨク〳〵意ヲ注シ。
精細ニ考ヘサレハ其理ニ達シ難シ。故ニ律師モ謂ヘラク。《割書：須弥｜界説》
支那西洋等ノ暦法ハ。黄赤大距ノ内外度。合シテ四千七百
分トスル故ニ。今ノ須弥界ノ黄赤内外度ハ僅ニ七分二十三抄
三十四微トナルト対挍スレハ。支那西洋ニ暦ノ黄赤内外度
ヨリ小キコト僅ニ六百四十九分ノ一ナリ。余初ニ此事ヲ検シ
テ謂（オモ）ヘラク。梵暦ト云ヘトモ。黄赤内外度如＿レ是微少ニテハ。二十
四節気等ヲ初トシテ。黄赤昇度等。一切ノ暦法イカニシテカ
測リ知ルヘキト疑ヘリ。後漸ク熟思シテ。盈縮遅疾コノ七分二
十三抄有竒ヨリ。其密数ヲ生スルコトヲ識得シテ。仏暦ノ
精妙ナルコトヲ信得セリト云ヘリ。サレハ律師モ此処ニハヨク
〳〵肝胆ヨリヲ砕キ玉ヒシモノト見ユ。又謂ク《割書：縮象｜儀説》是知＿二其一端＿一而
未＿四曽知＿三天有＿二円準之理＿一トアリテ。終ニ是ヲ書述ヘ玉ハサレトモ。
其密数ト云ヒ。円準之理ト云モノ。即チ真像ノ所由ナルコト。前
ニ屡々弁スルカ如シ。天象ニ真ト像トアリテ。二至ノ大距ヲ二百
九十由旬ト説タルハ是真ノミ。其像ニ至リテハ即チ目前ノ天
象ニテ。二至大距ノ間ニ日月九十有余径ヲ並ヘ容レル。四千
七百分ニ見ユ。ソノ見ユル所ノ天象ニヨリテ。算ヲ立ルカ暦面ニ
テ。即チ是レ密数ノ生スル所以ノモノ也。此像象ヲ談スルヲ風輪
円準之理トシルヘシ。併シ此風輪四季ニ依テ微差アリ。夏至
現代語訳
この理に達すれば、その解もほぼ得やすい。しかしながら、よくよく意を注ぎ、精細に考えなければ、その理に達し難い。それゆえ律師も述べている。【須弥界説】「支那・西洋等の暦法では、黄道と赤道の最大離角（内外度）を合わせて四千七百分とする。それゆえ、今の須弥界の黄赤内外度はわずかに七分二十三秒三十四微となる。これと対照すれば、支那・西洋の暦の黄赤内外度より小さいこと、わずかに六百四十九分の一である。」私（律師）は最初にこの事を検討して思った。梵暦（仏教の暦）といえども、黄赤内外度がこのようにわずかであっては、二十四節気等をはじめとして、黄赤昇度等、一切の暦法をいかにして測り知ることができようかと疑った。後に次第によく熟思して、盈縮遅疾（天体の運行の進退）がこの七分二十三秒余りから、その密数（精密な計算値）を生み出すことを理解して、仏暦の精妙なることを信じ得たと述べている。されば律師もこの箇所においては、よくよく肝胆を砕かれたものと見受けられる。また述べている。【縮象儀説】「是れ其の一端を知りて、未だ嘗て天に円準の理あることを知らず」とあって、結局これを書き述べられなかったが、その密数というもの、円準の理というものは、すなわち真像（真実の姿と現象の姿）の所由（よって来たるところ）であることは、前にたびたび弁じたとおりである。天象には真と像とがあって、二至の大距を二百九十由旬と説いたのは、これは真（の値）のみである。その像（現象として見える姿）に至っては、すなわち目前の天象であって、二至大距の間に日月が九十余個分の直径を並べて収まり、四千七百分に見える。その見える所の天象によって算を立てるのが暦面（暦の計算）であって、すなわちこれが密数の生ずるゆえんのものである。この像の象（現象としての姿）を論ずることを「風輪・円準の理」と知るべきである。併しながら、この風輪は四季によって微差があり、夏至には……
英語訳
If one reaches an understanding of this principle, the solution becomes relatively easy to grasp. Nevertheless, unless one applies careful and thorough attention and thinks with great precision, it is difficult to arrive at this principle. For this reason, the Vinaya Master (Ritushi) also states: [Sumeru World Explanation] "In the calendrical systems of China, the Western countries, and others, the combined maximum angular separation between the ecliptic and equator (inner and outer degrees) is set at 4,700 parts. Therefore, the ecliptic-equatorial angular separation for the Sumeru world amounts to only 7 minutes, 23 seconds, and 34 micro-units. Comparing these, the ecliptic-equatorial angular separation of the Sumeru world is smaller than that of the Chinese and Western calendars by a factor of merely one six-hundred-and-forty-ninth." At first, when I (the Vinaya Master) examined this matter, I thought: even granting that this is the Buddhist calendar (Bonreki), with such a minute ecliptic-equatorial separation, how could one possibly measure and determine the twenty-four solar terms, and all the other calendrical elements such as the degrees of heliacal rising? I harbored this doubt. Later, upon gradually and carefully reflecting upon it, I came to understand how the "dense numbers" (mitsusuu, precise computational values) are generated from this figure of 7 minutes, 23 seconds and some remainder — which governs the advance and retreat of celestial bodies (the "waxing-waning and slow-fast" of their motion) — and thereby came to believe in the exquisite precision of the Buddhist calendar, he states. Thus it appears that the Vinaya Master truly agonized deeply over this particular point. He also states: [Reduced Celestial Sphere Explanation] "One knows but one aspect of this, and has never come to know that heaven contains the principle of the circular standard (enJun no ri)." Although he ultimately did not write this out in full, the "dense numbers" and the "principle of the circular standard" are precisely what derive from the distinction between the "true" (shin) and the "image" (zō), as I have repeatedly argued previously. In celestial phenomena there exist both the "true" and the "image." The explanation that the maximum solar distance at the solstices is 290 yojanas refers to the "true" value only. As for the "image" — that is, the celestial phenomenon as it appears before our eyes — in the interval of the maximum solstitial distance, the sun and moon can be lined up ninety-some diameters side by side, and it appears as 4,700 parts. It is by setting up calculations based on the celestial phenomena as they appear that one arrives at the calendar, and this is precisely the reason why the "dense numbers" are generated. One should understand that discussing this "image-phenomenon" constitutes what is called "the principle of the wind-wheel and the circular standard." However, this wind-wheel has slight variations across the four seasons, and at the summer solstice...