安政三辰八月廿五日　大風雨出水損場所之圖 - 翻刻

翻刻

《割書：安政三辰｜八月廿五日》大風雨出水損場所之圖
松柏（せうはく）くだけて薪（たきゞ）となり桑田変（そうでんへん）じて海（うみ）となるといふまことなるかな比は安政三辰の八月
数日小雨ふりつゞきしが廿五日の夜五ッ半時ころにわかに雷鳴しついに大風雨となり
大石を飛し大木をちらしかわらをおとし家根を吹破その音百万のいかづちの如
く雨はあだかも小石を打つけるが如し諸人おそれかなしむ顔色皆死たるものゝごとし
まこと前代未聞（ぜんだいみもん）の大あれ也先日本橋より北は内神田外神田大に損し夫より
御成道筋下谷辺大に損じ上野御山内各別の事なし又坂本辺より出火して新吉
原へ飛火し遊女屋三十三軒その外残らすやける浅草観世音無事花川戸山の
宿聖天丁今戸町山川丁遊女屋仮宅大に損じ夫ゟ芝居町三座其外とも大
そんじ南北馬道少々そんじ切見せいたむ又橋辺兩千住とも大水出て人家を押流し大橋
少々いたむ竹の塚草加越ヶ谷粕かべ杉戸幸手くりはし出水にて所々家流る又浅
草東御門跡家根少々いたみ水屋つぶれるきくや橋新堀寺院方大にいたむ田原町
広小路辺遊女屋仮宅大に損じ夫より吉原町通り御蔵前八まん石動つゝがなし御厩
河岸大船小舟共五そう打上る天王ゑんま堂家根少々損じ瓦町かや丁福井丁
平右衛門丁此辺うら〳〵大にそんじる東は茅場丁竹嶋丁少々の損じ九鬼様表御門長
家大崩れ八丁堀霊がん嶋此辺所々崩れ家多し新川新堀少々いたみ永代橋大
船を打付一ヶ所は大にくぼみ一ヶ所は切れ落往来留る但し橋の落ちたるをおしへる人あり
とはいへ共先へゆきし人のかへらぬゆへ後れる事とおもひくらまぎれにわれをわすれ
おちし者あまたありといふ又永代だんごの後一弐百五十石積の大船打上る高尾茶
屋の前へ茶舟弐そう打上る箱崎田安様表長屋門つぶれ湊丁三河様御屋
敷少々いたみ茶舟八そう小舟三ぞう打上る辻番崩れる大川端安藤様御
上屋敷大にいたみ三百五十石積明神丸と云大船崩れともばかり打あげる
高橋崩れ橋杭三本此所へ上るすべて此辺の御屋しきがた大にいたみ大橋辺
大ちや舟廿そう小舟五六そう材木角物等あまた打上る川ばたのだん
ご茶屋残らずつぶれ大橋つゝがなし向は御船蔵三ヶ所こわれあたけ
三ッ井長家三の亀仮宅大にそんじる此辺所々いたみ多し又二ッ目より立川通り
亀沢丁割下水近辺吉岡丁吉田丁切見世大にそんじる亀井戸押上五百らかん
柳嶋小梅松戸この辺大水にて大にそんじる又永代橋向は深川佐賀丁松川丁蛤
町熊井町此辺川岸通り納屋大に崩れる仲町金沢や大野や白木や佐野つちや田新
とも崩るその外遊女屋仮宅大にそんじる八幡社内弁天開帳小屋大江生人形小屋
こと〴〵くつぶれ八まんうら門近出水四尺程上る網打場切見世三棟ともつぶれる三十三間寺
木場大水にて材木大に流すすさき大船小舟打上る破船その数しらず仙台堀御蔵屋
敷表長屋大に崩る清住町海辺大工町少々崩れ寺町寺院大にいたむ常盤丁切見世大にそんじ
森下丁みろく寺まへ出水にていたむ扇橋向入江丁仮宅大にそんじ砂村かさい辺大水にて人家田畑共大に流す死人けが人多し南は亀嶋丁日比谷丁いなりばし大水にて舟を打上る鉄炮洲
本湊丁船松丁河岸通り納屋残らず崩れ十軒丁大崩れ佃嶋大損じ流れ家多く
あり築地濱手一ッ橋様越中様あき様御やしき大崩れ五百石積大船此所へ吹上る西御
門跡本堂崩れる雲にそびへたる大御堂のいしずへより脇へ少しも出ずてうちんをたゝみたる
如くにつぶれたるはふしぎといふもおろか也見物の男女ぐんじゆす其外寺中そんじ多し
うら門前へ大茶舟十五そう小舟廿五そう此外材木数しれず表門前へ姉ヶ崎大船
一そう打上る西は昌平橋ゆしま本郷駒込白山辺大にそんじ小石川牛込市ヶ谷四ッ谷赤
坂かうじ町番丁小川丁丸の内御やしき方諸所そんじる日本橋中ばし京橋此辺崩れ家所々に
あり南八丁堀本多様表長家崩れるあさりがし木挽丁塩留新橋小舟材木等打上る久保
町愛宕下御やしき方所々いたむ西ノ久保かはらけ町辺少々麻布龍土辺所々崩れ芝口通り所々
いたむ出火は片門前壱三丁目ゟ神明前神明丁片側にて焼留る芝御山内つゝがなし新銭座
新佃丁金杉浦大にそんじ此所へ薩摩様鉄作の大船打上るかゝる時節にも是こそよき見物なりと
見る人市をなす其外大船小舟あまた上る三田白銀二本榎少々田町通り七軒茶や町高輪
大にそんじ夫ゟすさき漁師丁辺つなみにて家流る浜川鈴ヶ森八まん大森羽根田大水にて大に崩る
先は川崎大師河原生麦神奈川程ヶ谷所々そんじ浦賀湊大船の破損数しらず金沢辺江崎
西東共七里ヶ浜残らずつなみにて家流れ死人けが人多し戸塚所々損じ藤沢宿西村おと
なし川より大水出て遊行様寺領百石残らず流し人多く損じる大磯なんご桜ざは小田
原此辺まで所々損じあり向路は房州上総木更津辺津浪にて家多くそんじる也
一大船八十五艘此内こわれ弐十　　一死人　四百八十人
一《割書：五太刀｜大茶舟》六十艘此内こわれ三十　　　一怪我人数しれず
一屋根舟にたり《割書：弐百四十五そう｜此内こわれ百十一》　　　　一手前建家八万九千五百軒余
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　一江戸借家六万四千四十弐軒　　　

【圖中右より】
《箱：芝金杉浦》
《箱：芝神明前》
《箱：築地門跡》
《箱：永代橋》
《箱：新吉原》
《箱：下谷金杉》

現代語訳

【安政三辰年（1856年）八月二十五日　大風雨・出水による被害箇所の図】

「松や柏の木も砕けて薪となり、桑畑が変じて海となる」というのは、まことに真実であった。この時、安政三辰年（1856年）の八月、数日間小雨が降り続いていたが、二十五日の夜、九時頃に突然雷鳴が轟き、ついに大風雨となった。大石を吹き飛ばし、大木をなぎ倒し、瓦を落とし、屋根を吹き破り、その音は百万の雷のようであった。雨はまるで小石を打ちつけるようであった。人々はみな恐れ悲しみ、顔色は死人のようであった。まことに前代未聞の大荒れであった。

まず日本橋より北は、内神田・外神田が大いに損じ、それより御成道筋・下谷辺が大いに損じた。上野の山内は格別のことはなかった。また坂本辺より出火して新吉原へ飛び火し、遊女屋三十三軒、その外残らず焼けた。浅草観世音は無事。花川戸・山の宿・聖天町・今戸町・山川町の遊女屋仮宅が大いに損じた。それより芝居町三座、その外とも大いに損じた。南北馬道は少々損じ、切り見世も傷んだ。また橋辺・両岸の千住とも大水が出て人家を押し流し、大橋も少々傷んだ。竹の塚・草加・越ヶ谷・粕壁・杉戸・幸手・栗橋は出水にて所々家が流れた。また浅草東御門跡は屋根が少々傷み、水屋が潰れた。菊屋橋・新堀の寺院方が大いに傷んだ。田原町・広小路辺の遊女屋仮宅が大いに損じた。それより吉原町通り・御蔵前・八幡・石動は恙なし。御厩河岸では大船・小舟合わせて五艘が打ち上げられた。天王・閻魔堂の屋根が少々損じた。瓦町・萱町・福井町・平右衛門町、この辺の裏通りが大いに損じた。東は茅場町・竹島町が少々の損じ。九鬼様の表御門・長家が大崩れ。八丁堀・霊巌島この辺所々に崩れた家が多かった。新川・新堀は少々傷んだ。永代橋には大船が打ち付けられ、一ヶ所は大いに窪み、一ヶ所は切れ落ちて往来が止まった。ただし橋が落ちたことを教えてくれる人がいたにもかかわらず、先に行った人が帰らないので、後に続く者と思い、暗闇に紛れて我を忘れて落ちた者が多数いたという。また永代の団子屋の後ろに、百二十五十石積みの大船が打ち上げられた。高尾茶屋の前へは茶舟二艘が打ち上げられた。箱崎・田安様の表長屋門が潰れた。湊町・三河様御屋敷が少々傷み、茶舟八艘・小舟三艘が打ち上げられ、辻番が崩れた。大川端・安藤様御上屋敷が大いに傷んだ。三百五十石積みの「明神丸」という大船が崩れ、ともばかりが打ち上げられた。高橋が崩れ、橋杭三本がこの所に上がった。概してこの辺の御屋敷方が大いに傷んだ。大橋辺では大茶舟二十艘・小舟五六艘・材木・角物等が多数打ち上げられた。川端の団子茶屋は残らず潰れた。大橋は恙なし。向こう（対岸）は御船蔵三ヶ所が壊れ、あたけ・三ツ井長家・三の亀仮宅が大いに損じた。この辺所々の損傷が多かった。また二ツ目より立川通り・亀沢町・割下水近辺・吉岡町・吉田町の切り見世が大いに損じた。亀井戸・押上・五百羅漢・柳島・小梅・松戸、この辺は大水にて大いに損じた。また永代橋向こうは深川・佐賀町・松川町・蛤町・熊井町、この辺の川岸通りの納屋が大いに崩れた。仲町の金沢屋・大野屋・白木屋・佐野土屋・田新とも崩れた。その外遊女屋仮宅が大いに損じた。八幡社内・弁天開帳小屋・大江生人形小屋ことごとく潰れた。八幡裏門近くで出水が四尺程上がった。網打場・切り見世三棟ともに潰れた。三十三間寺・木場は大水にて材木が大いに流れた。洲崎では大船・小舟が打ち上げられ、破船の数は知れず。仙台堀・御蔵屋敷の表長屋が大いに崩れた。清住町・海辺大工町は少々崩れ、寺町の寺院が大いに傷んだ。常盤町の切り見世が大いに損じた。森下町・弥勒寺前は出水にて傷んだ。扇橋向こう・入江町仮宅が大いに損じた。砂村・葛西辺は大水にて人家・田畑ともに大いに流れ、死人・けが人が多かった。

南は亀島町・日比谷町・稲荷橋で大水にて舟が打ち上げられた。鉄砲洲・本湊町・船松町の河岸通りの納屋が残らず崩れた。十軒町が大崩れ。佃島が大損じで流れ家が多かった。築地・浜手・一橋様・越中様・あき様の御屋敷が大崩れ。五百石積みの大船がこの所へ吹き上げられた。西御門跡の本堂が崩れた。雲にそびえる大御堂が礎石よりわずかも動かず、提灯をたたんだように潰れたのは、不思議というも愚かなことである。見物の男女が群集した。その外、寺中での損傷が多かった。裏門前へ大茶舟十五艘・小舟二十五艘、この外材木の数は知れず。表門前へ姉ヶ崎の大船一艘が打ち上げられた。

西は昌平橋・湯島・本郷・駒込・白山辺が大いに損じた。小石川・牛込・市ヶ谷・四谷・赤坂・麹町・番町・小川町・丸の内の御屋敷方、諸所が損じた。日本橋・中橋・京橋、この辺に崩れ家が所々にあった。南八丁堀・本多様の表長家が崩れた。浅利河岸・木挽町・塩留・新橋に小舟・材木等が打ち上げられた。久保町・愛宕下の御屋敷方が所々傷んだ。西ノ久保・かわらけ町辺が少々。麻布・龍土辺が所々崩れた。芝口通りが所々傷んだ。出火は片門前一・三丁目より神明前・神明町の片側にて焼け止まった。芝御山内は恙なし。新銭座・新佃町・金杉浦が大いに損じ、この所へ薩摩様の鉄製の大船が打ち上げられた。かかる時節にもこれこそよき見物なりと見る人が市をなした。その外、大船・小舟が多数打ち上げられた。三田・白金・二本榎が少々。田町通り・七軒茶屋町・高輪が大いに損じた。それより洲崎・漁師町辺は津波にて家が流れた。浜川・鈴ヶ森・八幡・大森・羽根田は大水にて大いに崩れた。

さらに川崎・大師河原・生麦・神奈川・程ヶ谷は所々損じた。浦賀湊では大船の破損の数が知れず。金沢辺・江崎・西東とも・七里ヶ浜は残らず津波にて家が流れ、死人・けが人が多かった。戸塚は所々損じた。藤沢宿・西村・音無川より大水が出て、遊行様寺領百石が残らず流れ、多くの人が損じた。大磯・南郷・桜沢・小田原、この辺まで所々の損傷があった。向こう（対岸）の方は房州・上総・木更津辺が津波にて家が多く損じた。

【被害統計】
一、大船　八十五艘　　うち壊れたもの　二十艘
一、死人　四百八十人
一、五太刀・大茶舟　六十艘　　うち壊れたもの　三十艘
一、怪我人　数知れず
一、屋根舟・荷足（にたり）　二百四十五艘　うち壊れたもの　百十一艘
一、手前建家（自己所有家屋）　八万九千五百軒余
一、江戸借家　六万四千四十二軒

【図中の地名（右より）】
・芝金杉浦
・芝神明前
・築地門跡
・永代橋
・新吉原
・下谷金杉

英語訳

**Map of Locations Damaged by the Great Storm, Flooding, and High Water on the 25th Day of the 8th Month of Ansei 3 (1856)**

"The pine and oak trees are broken into firewood, and the mulberry fields have turned into the sea" — how true these words are. During the 8th month of Ansei 3 (the Year of the Dragon, 1856), after several days of light continuous rain, at around 9 o'clock in the evening of the 25th, thunder suddenly roared and a great storm erupted. Large stones were sent flying, great trees were toppled, roof tiles were knocked off, and rooftops were torn apart. The sound was like a million thunderbolts. The rain fell as though small pebbles were being hurled at one's body. People were seized with fear and grief, their faces all as pale as the dead. Truly, this was an unprecedented catastrophe.

**Northern Areas (from Nihonbashi northward):**
North of Nihonbashi, Uchi-Kanda and Soto-Kanda suffered great damage. Further on, the Onari-dō road and Shitaya areas were greatly damaged. The grounds of Ueno Shrine were unharmed. A fire broke out near Sakamoto and spread by flying embers to Shin-Yoshiwara, burning down thirty-three brothels and everything else in the area without exception. Asakusa Kanzeon (Senso-ji) was unharmed. Hanakawado, Yama-no-shuku, Shōten-chō, Imado-chō, and Yamakawa-chō — the temporary brothel quarters — suffered great damage. The three theater districts and surrounding areas also suffered great damage. The Nanboku Umamichi (horse road) suffered minor damage, and the cheaper brothels (kirimise) were damaged. Around the bridge and on both banks of the Senju area, floodwaters rose and swept away houses; the Great Bridge suffered minor damage. Takenozuka, Sōka, Koshigaya, Kasukabe, Sugito, Satte, and Kurihashi all had houses swept away by flooding.

In the Asakusa Eastern Gate ruins area, rooftops were slightly damaged and the water vendor's stall collapsed. The temples around Kikuya-bashi and Shinhori were greatly damaged. The temporary brothel quarters around Tawarамachi and Hirokoji suffered great damage. From there, the Yoshiwara town road, Okura-mae, Hachiman, and Isurugai were undamaged. At the Omiyaji River Bank, five large and small vessels were washed ashore. The rooftops of the Tennō and Emma-dō halls suffered minor damage. The back alleys of Kawaramachi, Kayachō, Fukui-chō, and Heizaemon-chō suffered great damage. To the east, Kayabachō and Takeshimachō suffered minor damage. The front gate and long tenement house of the Kuki domain residence collapsed entirely. In Hatchobori and Reiganjima, many houses in the area collapsed. Shinkawa and Shinhori suffered minor damage. A large vessel was driven into Eitai-bashi Bridge, causing one section to cave in deeply and another section to break away, stopping all traffic. Although there were people who warned others that the bridge had collapsed, since those who had already crossed did not return, those coming later assumed they were simply delayed, and in the darkness and confusion, forgetting themselves, many fell into the river and were lost. Behind the Eitai dangō shop, a large vessel of one hundred and fifty *koku* capacity was washed ashore. Two tea-boats were washed up in front of the Takao teahouse. The front long tenement gate of the Hakozaki and Tayasu estates collapsed. The Minato-chō and Mikawa domain residence suffered minor damage, and eight tea-boats and three small boats were washed ashore; the crossroads guard post collapsed. The Ōkawabata residence of Lord Andō suffered great damage. A large vessel of 350 *koku* capacity called "Myōjin-maru" was wrecked, with only its stern section washed ashore. Takabashi Bridge collapsed, with three bridge pilings floating up at this spot. Generally, all the domain residences in this area suffered great damage. Around Ōhashi Bridge, twenty large tea-boats, five or six small boats, timber, squared lumber, and other materials were washed ashore in great quantities. All the dangō teahouses along the riverbank were destroyed. Ōhashi Bridge itself was unharmed. Across the river, three locations of the Official Boat Storage (Ofunagura) were destroyed, and the Atake, Mitsui long tenement, and Sanno-kame temporary brothel quarters suffered great damage. There was much damage throughout this area.

From Futatsume, along Tachikawa-dori, in Kamezawa-chō, near the Warishimizu canal, and in Yoshioka-chō and Yoshida-chō, the cheaper brothels suffered great damage. Kameido, Oshiage, Gohyaku Rakan, Yanagishima, Koume, and Matsudo all suffered great damage from floodwaters. On the far side of Eitai-bashi, in Fukagawa, Saga-chō, Matsukawa-chō, Hamaguri-chō, and Kumai-chō, the riverside warehouses collapsed in great numbers. Kanazawa-ya, Ōno-ya, Shiraki-ya, Sano Tsuchiya, and Tashin in Naka-chō all collapsed. The temporary brothel quarters suffered great damage. The Hachiman shrine grounds, the Benten open-air viewing stalls, and the large lifelike-figure (ikiningyō) show stalls at Ōe were all completely destroyed. Near the back gate of Hachiman, floodwaters rose about four *shaku* (approx. 1.2 meters). Three blocks of the net-casting area and cheaper brothels were completely destroyed. At Sanjūsangen-ji and the lumber yards of Kiba, great quantities of timber were swept away by floodwaters. At Susaki, large and small vessels were washed ashore, and the number of wrecked vessels was beyond counting. The front long tenement of the Sendai-bori domain warehouse estate collapsed greatly. Kiyosumi-chō and Kaigan Daiku-chō suffered minor damage. The temples in the temple district were greatly damaged. The cheaper brothels in Tokiwa-chō suffered great damage. Morishita-chō and the area in front of Miroku-ji temple were damaged by flooding. The temporary brothel quarters across Ōgibashi Bridge at Irie-chō suffered great damage. In Sunamura and Kasai, houses and farmland were swept away by floodwaters in great quantities, with many deaths and injuries.

**Southern Areas:**
To the south, at Kamejima-chō, Hibiya-chō, and Inari-bashi, boats were washed ashore by floodwaters. All the riverside warehouses in Teppōzu, Homm湊-chō, and Funamatsumachi collapsed completely. Jikkenchō suffered massive collapse. Tsukudajima suffered great damage with many houses swept away. Tsukiji, the waterfront, and the residences of the Hitotsubashi, Etchū, and Aki domains collapsed greatly. A large vessel of 500 *koku* capacity was blown up to this location. The main hall of the Nishi-Gomon ruins collapsed. The great hall that soared into the clouds collapsed from its very foundation stones without shifting even slightly, crumpling down like a folded lantern — to call this merely strange would be an understatement. Men and women gathered in crowds to view the spectacle. There were many other damages throughout the temple precinct. Fifteen large tea-boats and twenty-five small boats were washed up in front of the back gate; the quantity of timber beyond that was beyond counting. One large vessel from Anegasaki was washed up in front of the front gate.

**Western Areas:**
To the west, Shōheibashi, Yushima, Hongō, Komagome, and Hakusan all suffered great damage. Koishikawa, Ushigome, Ichigaya, Yotsuya, Akasaka, Kōji-machi, Banchō, Ogawamachi, and the domain residences of Marunouchi suffered damage in various places. Around Nihonbashi, Nakabashi, and Kyōbashi, houses were found collapsed in various locations. The front long tenement of the Hommachi Honda domain residence in South Hatchobori collapsed. Small boats and timber were washed up at Asarigashi, Kobikichō, Shiodome, and Shinbashi. The domain residences at Kubomachi and below Atago Hill were damaged in various places. Nishi-no-Kubo and Kawarake-chō suffered minor damage. Azabu and Ryūdo areas saw collapses in various places. Shibaguchi-dori was damaged in various locations. A fire broke out from Katamomae 1st and 3rd chōme, burning along one side through Shinmei-mae and Shinmei-chō before being extinguished. Shiba Sannai (the precinct of Zōjō-ji) was unharmed. Shinzenza, Shin-Tsukudachō, and Kanasugi-ura suffered great damage, and the large iron vessel of the Satsuma domain was washed ashore here. Even in such a time of disaster, crowds gathered to view this as a fine spectacle. Many other large and small vessels were washed ashore. Mita, Shirogane, and Nihon-enoki suffered minor damage. Along Tamachi-dori, Shichiken-Chayamachi, and Takanawa, there was great damage. From there, in Susaki and the fishermen's quarter area, houses were swept away by a tsunami. Hamakawa, Suzugamori, Hachiman, Ōmori, and Haneda suffered great collapse from floodwaters.

**Surrounding Regions:**
Further out, Kawasaki, Daishikawara, Namamugi, Kanagawa, and Hodogaya suffered damage in various places. In Uraga Harbor, the number of wrecked large vessels was beyond counting. Kanazawa, Ezaki (both east and west), and Shichiri-ga-hama — all houses were swept away by tsunamis with many deaths and injuries. Totsuka suffered various damage. At Fujisawa-juku, from the Nishimura Otonashigawa river, floodwaters rushed out and washed away all one hundred *koku* of the Yūgyō-ji temple's domain lands, causing great harm to many people. There was scattered damage as far as Ōiso, Nango, Sakurazawa, and Odawara. Across the bay, in Bōshū (Awa Province), Kazusa, and the Kisarazu area, many houses were damaged by tsunamis.

**Summary of Damage:**
- Large vessels: 85 ships, of which 20 were wrecked
- Deaths: 480 people
- Five-*tachi* barges and large tea-boats: 60, of which 30 were wrecked
- Injured: Countless
- Roofed boats and cargo boats (*nitari*): 245, of which 111 were wrecked
- Owner-occupied buildings: over 89,500
- Rented houses in Edo: 64,042

**Place names indicated on the map (from right):**
- Shiba Kanasugi-ura
- Shiba Shinmei-mae
- Tsukiji Mon-zeki
- Eitai-bashi
- Shin-Yoshiwara
- Shitaya Kanasugi