[善光寺地震被害書上] - 翻刻

翻刻

【右丁】
　犀川之両縁平井長井と申両村有之右同郷山両方より崩落岩石犀川ヲ
　塞人家樹立共右崩落候土上に有之大土手ヲ築候姿にて敷八町程も
　有之自然之山ヲ現し候如く川下へ水一滴も落不申川上如湖水数ヶ
　村水《見せ消ち：底｜下》に相成巾六七丁又は十四五丁長サ五六里余水堪廿四日ゟ今日迄
　十日余にも相成候へ共末＃1水落不申右崩候場所是迄之平水よりは
　大凡八九十間も高く候所追々水堪#2未三十間余も水上有之此節照続
　候故歟犀川減水いたし右広場に堪#2候水山高サ昼夜に弐三尺位ツヽ之由
　此上大雨にても有之候はゝ格別左も無之候ては二三十日相立不申候はては
　流落申間敷哉之由然ル所川下村々にては一時に切落亡村に可相成と食
　物携山上へ逃登り或は一村不残他所へ逃去抔騒居候風聞に付見分
　之者差遣水上之様子為見届候処当時之姿にては容易に切落可申
　様子無之縦令水漏候共銚子口之如く流落可申哉之由に御座候

【左丁】
一松代城下町之潰家二分通り有之由に候へ共場所に寄強弱有之領分一体にては
　夥敷潰家死人にて是迄之届有之分二千余人右山中郷之分未#1相分不申候
　得共凡一万人程之死失に可有之由同藩之者噂に御座候
一善光寺は此節開帳回向中に付諸国より参詣之者夥敷有之同夜之地震
　俄にゆり候て逃出候者二タ足トモ歩行いたし候間合無之被押潰十人
　之家内は六七人死失又は一家不残死亡も有之死人之山ヲ築候由に
　其上三四ヶ所ヨリ出火烈風にて焼払町屋九分通消失本堂山門本
　坊は相残り候のみ其余は不残類焼前代未聞之大変に御座候追々
　承候ヘは寺領八千人之人別三千人余死失其外は道中筋にて同
　様死候者何千人と申事相分不申由且参詣之者大凡二千人死失
一飯山領城下幷上田領いなり山村は右善光寺同様地震之上出火に付
　土地之者は勿論止宿之道者夥敷死亡其外水内更科両郡之内北国

現代語訳

【右丁】
犀川の両岸に平井・長井という二つの村があり、右の同郷（山中郷）の山の両側から崩れ落ちた岩石が犀川を塞き止め、人家や立木もろとも、その崩落した土砂の上に載った状態で、大きな土手を築いたような姿となり、幅八町ほどにわたっており、まるで自然の山が現れたかのようである。川下へは水が一滴も流れず、川上は湖水のようになり、数ヶ村が水面下に没した。幅六・七丁あるいは十四・五丁、長さ五・六里余りにわたって水が溜まり、二十四日より今日まで十日余りになるが、いまだ水は落ちない。右の崩落した場所は、これまでの平水よりも大凡八・九十間も高く、追々水が溜まり、いまだ三十間余りも水位が上にある。この頃晴天が続いているためか犀川の水量は減っており、右の広場に溜まった水は、山の高さに比べて昼夜に二・三尺ずつ（水位が上がっている）とのことである。このうえ大雨でもあれば格別のことだが、そうでなければ二・三十日も経たないうちには流れ落ちないであろうという話である。そのような状況のため、川下の村々では一時に（堰が）切れて落ちれば村が亡くなってしまうと、食物を携えて山上へ逃げ登り、あるいは一村残らず他所へ逃げ去るなど騒いでいるという風聞につき、見分の者を差し遣わして川上の様子を見届けさせたところ、当時の状況では容易に切れて落ちる様子はなく、たとえ水が漏れたとしても銚子口のように（細く）流れ落ちるであろうとのことである。

【左丁】
一、松代城下町の倒潰家屋は二分通り（約二割）あるとのことだが、場所によって強弱があり、領分全体としては夥しい倒潰家屋と死人で、これまでの届け出によれば二千余人。右の山中郷の分はいまだ判明していないが、およそ一万人程度の死者がいるであろうとのことで、同藩の者の噂である。

一、善光寺はこの頃開帳回向の最中であるため、諸国からの参詣者が夥しく集まっており、同夜の地震が突然揺れたため、逃げ出そうとした者も二本の足で歩く間もなく押し潰され、十人の家内（同じ宿の者）のうち六・七人が死亡し、あるいは一家残らず死亡した家もあり、死人の山を築くほどであったという。その上、三・四ヶ所より出火し、烈風によって焼き払われ、町屋の九分通りが焼失した。本堂・山門・本坊は残ったのみで、その余は残らず類焼し、前代未聞の大変事である。追々聞き及んだところでは、寺領の人別八千人のうち三千人余りが死亡し、そのほか道中筋にて同様に死亡した者が何千人ともわからないとのことである。且つ参詣者がおよそ二千人死亡した。

一、飯山領城下ならびに上田領の稲荷山村は、右の善光寺と同様に地震の上に出火があったため、土地の者はもちろん、宿泊中の旅人も夥しく死亡した。そのほか水内・更科両郡の内、北国（街道筋）……

英語訳

[Right folio]
Along both banks of the Sai River there are two villages called Hirai and Nagai. Rocks that had collapsed from both sides of the mountain in the aforementioned Yamanaka township blocked the Sai River; houses and standing trees were left atop the collapsed earth, presenting the appearance of a great embankment having been constructed, spanning a width of approximately eight chō [roughly 870 meters], as if a natural mountain had suddenly appeared. Not a single drop of water was flowing downstream, while upstream the river had become like a lake, and several villages were submerged. Water accumulated over a width of six or seven chō [roughly 650–760 m] or as much as fourteen or fifteen chō [roughly 1.5 km], and over a length of five or six ri [roughly 20–24 km]. Though more than ten days have passed since the 24th to today, the water has still not drained away. The site of the collapse stands approximately eighty to ninety ken [roughly 145–163 m] higher than the former normal water level, and as water continues to accumulate, the water surface is still more than thirty ken [roughly 55 m] above the top of the collapsed mass. It is said that because the weather has been clear and dry of late, the water level of the Sai River has been decreasing, and the water pooled in the wide area behind the dam is rising by about two or three shaku [roughly 60–90 cm] per day and night relative to the height of the mountain. Should heavy rain occur on top of this, the situation would be exceptional, but otherwise it is thought that within twenty or thirty days at the outside the dam will not break and the water will not rush down. Under these circumstances, however, the villages downstream have fallen into a panic, fearing that if the dam breaks all at once their villages will be annihilated; some residents have taken food and fled up into the mountains, while others have abandoned their villages entirely and fled elsewhere. In response to these reports, inspection officials were dispatched to observe the conditions upstream, and it was determined that in the current state the dam does not appear likely to break easily; and even if water were to leak through, it would likely flow out in a thin stream, like the spout of a kettle [chōshi-guchi], rather than as a catastrophic flood.

[Left folio]
Item: Approximately two-tenths of the houses in the castle town of Matsushiro have collapsed, though the degree of damage varies by location. Across the domain as a whole, the number of collapsed houses and deaths is enormous; according to reports received so far, there are more than two thousand dead. The figures for the Yamanaka township have not yet been ascertained, but according to rumors among members of that domain, the deaths there may amount to approximately ten thousand persons.

Item: Zenkōji Temple was in the midst of its periodic kaichō [public display of the hidden sacred image] and memorial services, and an enormous number of pilgrims from all provinces had gathered there. When the earthquake struck suddenly that night, those attempting to flee did not even have time to take two steps before being crushed; of ten persons sharing the same lodging, six or seven perished, and in some cases entire households were killed to the last person, reportedly creating mountains of corpses. On top of this, fires broke out in three or four places and, driven by fierce winds, burned through the area, destroying approximately nine-tenths of the townhouses. Only the main hall (hondō), the main gate (sanmon), and the head temple residence (honbō) survived; everything else was consumed in the conflagration—a catastrophe without precedent in former times. From subsequent reports, of the eight thousand persons registered in the temple's domain, more than three thousand perished, and an unknown number of additional thousands died along the highway routes. Furthermore, approximately two thousand pilgrims are reported to have died.

Item: The castle town of the Iiyama domain and the village of Inariyama in the Ueda domain suffered the same fate as Zenkōji—earthquake followed by fire—and not only local residents but also the many traveling pilgrims lodging there perished in great numbers. Additionally, within Mizuuchi and Sarashina districts, along the Hokuoku [Northern Provinces highway]… [text continues]