[善光寺地震被害書上] - 翻刻

翻刻

犀川之両縁平井長井と申両村有之右同日山両方ゟ崩落岩石犀川ヲ
塞人家樹立共右崩落候土上ニ有之大土手ヲ築候姿ニ而森八町程も
有之自然之山ヲ現し候如く川下へ水一滴も落不申川上如湖水数ヶ
村水下ニ相成巾六七丁又者十四五丁長サ五六里半水堪廿四日ゟ
十日余ニも相成候へ共末水廣不申右崩候場所是迠之平水より者
大凡八九十間も高く候所追々水湛未三十間余も水上有之此節照續
候故歟犀川減水いたし右廣場ニ堪候水山高サ昼夜ニ弐三尺位ツゝ之由
此上大雨ニ而も有之候ハゝ格別左も無之候而者二三十日相立不申候ハ而者
流落申間敷赴之由然ル所川下村ゝニ而者一時ニ切落亡村ニ可相成と食
物携山上へ逃登り或者一村不残他所へ逃去抔騒然候風聞ニ付見分
之者差遣水上之様子為見届候処當時之姿ニ而者容易ニ切落可申
様子無之縦令令水漏候共銚子口之如く流落可申哉之由ニ御座候
一松代城下町之潰家二分通り有由二候へ共場所ニ寄強弱有之領分一躰ニ而ハ
夥敷潰家死人二而是迄之届有之分二千余人右山中郷之分未相分不申候
得共凡一万人程之死失ニ可有之由同藩之者噂ニ御座候
一善光寺者此節開帳回向中ニ付諸国ゟ参詣之者夥敷有之同夜之地震
俄ニゆり候而逃出候者ニタ足分モ歩行いたし候間合無之被押潰十人
之家内ハ六七人死失又者一家不残死亡も有之死人之山ヲ築候由ニ
其上三四ヶ所ヨリ出火烈風ニ而焼拂町屋九分通消失本堂山門本
坊ハ相残り候而も其余者不残類焼前代未聞之大変ニ御座候追ゝ
承候ヘハ寺領八千人之人別三千人余死失其外ハ道中筋ニも同
様死候者何千人と申事相分不申由且参詣者大凡二千人死失
一阪山領城下幷上田領いなり山村ハ右善光寺同様地震之上出火ニ付
右地之者は勿論止宿之道者夥敷死亡其外水内更科両郡之内北国

現代語訳

犀川の両岸にある平井・長井という両村では、同日に山が両方から崩落し、岩石が犀川を塞いだ。人家や樹木も崩落した土の上にあり、大きな土手を築いたような形になって、幅八町程もあり、自然の山を現したかのようになっている。川下へは水が一滴も流れず、川上は湖水のように数か村が水の下になった。幅は六七町または十四五町、長さは五六里半で、水が溜まって二十四日から十日余りになるが、まだ水は引かない。崩落した場所は、これまでの平水位より大凡八九十間も高い所で、追々水が溜まり、まだ三十間余りも水位が上がっている。この頃晴天続きのせいか、犀川の水が減り、右の広場に溜まった水の水位が昼夜に二三尺位ずつ下がっているとのこと。この上大雨でもあれば格別だが、そうでなければ二三十日経たなければ流れ落ちないであろうとのこと。ところが川下の村々では、一時に決壊して村が無くなってしまうと、食物を携えて山上へ逃げ登ったり、或いは一村残らず他所へ逃げ去ったりと騒然としているという風聞につき、見分の者を差し遣わして水上の様子を確認させたところ、当時の状況では容易に決壊する様子はなく、たとえ水が漏れても銚子口のように流れ落ちるであろうとのことである。

松代城下町の潰家は二分通りあるとのことだが、場所により強弱がある。領分全体では夥しい潰家・死人で、これまでの届け出分で二千余人。右の山中郷の分はまだ分からないが、凡そ一万人程の死者があるであろうと、同藩の者の噂である。

善光寺は、この時開帳回向中につき諸国から参詣者が夥しく来ており、同夜の地震で俄かに揺れたため逃げ出す者が足の踏み場もなく歩行する間もなく、押し潰されて十人の家族なら六七人が死亡、または一家残らず死亡もあり、死人の山を築いたとのこと。その上三四か所から出火し、烈風で焼き払われ、町屋は九分通り消失した。本堂・山門・本坊は残ったものの、その他は残らず類焼し、前代未聞の大変事である。追々聞くところでは、寺領八千人の人別のうち三千人余が死亡、その外は道中筋でも同様に死んだ者が何千人という事は分からないとのこと。また参詣者は大凡二千人が死亡した。

坂山領城下並びに上田領稲荷山村は、右の善光寺同様地震の上出火につき、右の地の者はもちろん宿泊の道者が夥しく死亡した。その外、水内・更級両郡の内の北国

英語訳

At the two villages called Hirai and Nagai on both banks of the Sai River, mountains collapsed from both sides on the same day, and rocks blocked the Sai River. Houses and trees were buried under the collapsed earth, forming what looked like a large embankment about eight chō wide, appearing like a natural mountain. Not a drop of water flowed downstream, while upstream became like a lake with several villages submerged. The width was six to seven chō or fourteen to fifteen chō, and the length was five to six and a half ri. Water had been accumulating since the 24th for over ten days, but the water level had not yet receded. The collapsed area was about eighty to ninety ken higher than the previous normal water level, and water continued to accumulate, with the water level still rising by over thirty ken. Perhaps due to the recent clear weather, the Sai River's water level had decreased, and the water accumulated in this wide area was reportedly dropping by two to three shaku day and night. If there were heavy rains, it would be different, but otherwise it would take twenty to thirty days before the water would flow away. However, in the downstream villages, fearing that the dam would suddenly burst and destroy their villages, people fled to mountaintops carrying food, or entire villages evacuated elsewhere, creating great commotion according to rumors. Investigators were sent to examine the upstream conditions, and they reported that in the current situation, there seemed to be no immediate danger of collapse, and even if water leaked, it would flow out gradually like through a spout.

In Matsushiro castle town, about twenty percent of houses collapsed, though the severity varied by location. Throughout the domain, there were enormous numbers of collapsed houses and deaths, with over 2,000 people reported so far. The numbers from the aforementioned Yamanaka-gō area are not yet known, but it is rumored by people from the same domain that approximately 10,000 people may have died.

At Zenkōji Temple, which was holding its special exhibition (kaitchō) and memorial services, there were numerous pilgrims from various provinces. When the earthquake struck suddenly that night, people rushed to escape but had no room to step and no time to walk properly, being crushed together. In families of ten people, six or seven died, and some entire families perished, creating mountains of corpses. Furthermore, fires broke out in three or four places and spread in fierce winds, destroying ninety percent of the town buildings. The main hall, mountain gate, and head temple remained, but everything else was consumed by fire in an unprecedented disaster. According to subsequent reports, out of 8,000 people in the temple territory, over 3,000 died. Additionally, countless thousands died along the highways, though exact numbers are unknown. Approximately 2,000 pilgrims also perished.

In Sakayama domain's castle town and Inari-yama village in Ueda domain, like Zenkōji, fires broke out after the earthquake, causing numerous deaths not only among local residents but also among travelers lodging there. Furthermore, in the northern provinces within Minochi and Sarashina districts...