[善光寺地震被害書上] - 翻刻

翻刻

【右丁】
　犀川之両縁平井長井と申両村有之右同郷山両方より崩落岩石犀川ヲ
　塞人家樹立共右崩落候土上に有之大土手ヲ築候姿にて敷八町程も
　有之自然之山ヲ現し候如く川下へ水一滴も落不申川上如湖水数ヶ
　村水《見せ消ち：底｜下》に相成巾六七丁又は十四五丁長サ五六里余水堪廿四日ゟ今日迄
　十日余にも相成候へ共末水落不申右崩候場所是迄之平水よりは
　大凡八九十間も高く候所追々水湛未三十間余も水上有之此節照続
　候故歟犀川減水いたし右広場に堪候水山高サ昼夜に弐三尺位ツヽ之由
　此上大雨にても有之候はゝ格別左も無之候ては二三十日相立不申候はては
　流落申間敷哉之由然ル所川下村々にては一時に切落亡村に可相成と食
　物携山上へ逃登り或は一村不残他所へ逃去抔騒居候風聞に付見分
　之者差遣水上之様子為見届候処当時之姿にては容易に切落可申
　様子無之縦令水漏候共銚子口之如く流落可申哉之由に御座候

【左丁】
一松代城下町之潰家二分通り有之由に候へ共場所に寄強弱有之領分一体にては
　夥敷潰家死人にて是迄之届有之分二千余人右山中郷之分末#1相分不申候
　得共凡一万人程之死失に可有之由同藩之者噂に御座候
一善光寺は此節開帳回向中に付諸国より参詣之者夥敷有之同夜之地震
　俄にゆり候て逃出候者二タ足トモ歩行いたし候間合無之被押潰十人
　之家内は六七人死失又は一家不残死亡も有之死人之山ヲ築候由に
　其上三四ヶ所ヨリ出火烈風にて焼払町屋九分通消失本堂山門本
　坊は相残り候のみ其余は不残類焼前代未聞之大変に御座候追々
　承候ヘは寺領八千人之人別三千人余死失其外は道中筋にて同
　様死候者何千人と申事相分不申由且参詣之者大凡二千人死失
一飯山領城下幷上田領いなり山村は右善光寺同様地震之上出火に付
土地之者は勿論止宿之道者夥敷死亡其外水内更科両郡之内北国

現代語訳

【右丁】
犀川の両岸に平井・長井と申す二つの村があり、右の同郷の山の両側から崩れ落ちた岩石が犀川を塞ぎ、人家や樹木はともにその崩落した土砂の上にある状態で、大きな土手を築いたような姿で、幅八町ほどにもなっている。まるで自然の山が現れたかのようで、川下へ水が一滴も流れ落ちず、川上は湖のようになり、数ヶ村が水面下となった。幅六、七町あるいは十四、五町、長さ五、六里余りの水がたまり、二十四日より今日まで十日余りになるが、いまだ水は落ちない。崩れた場所は、これまでの平水よりもおよそ八、九十間も高くなっており、追々と水がたまっているが、まだ三十間余りも水面が（崩落地点より）低い状態である。この頃晴れが続いているためか、犀川の水量は減っており、その広い場所にたまった水は山の高さに対して昼夜に二、三尺ずつほど上昇しているとのことである。この上に大雨でもあれば格別のことだが、そうでなければ二、三十日もたたないうちには流れ落ちることもあるまいとのことである。しかるに川下の村々では、一度に決壊すれば村が滅びると、食物を携えて山上へ逃げ登り、あるいは一村まるごと他所へ逃げ去るなどと騒いでいるとの風聞により、見分の者を差し遣わし、川上の様子を見届けさせたところ、現在の状況では容易に決壊しそうな様子はなく、たとえ水が漏れても銚子口のようにゆっくりと流れ落ちる程度であろうとのことである。

【左丁】
一、松代城下町の潰れた家は二分通りあるとのことだが、場所によって被害の強弱があり、領分全体としては夥しい数の潰家と死人があり、これまでの届け出分で二千余人。右の山中郷の分はいまだ判明していないが、およそ一万人程度の死亡者があるであろうとの同藩の者の噂である。

一、善光寺はこの頃開帳回向の最中であり、諸国からの参詣者が夥しくいたが、同夜の地震でにわかに揺れたため逃げ出した者も二足とも歩ける間もなく押し潰され、十人の家内では六、七人が死亡、あるいは一家まるごと死亡した場合もあり、死人の山を築いたとのこと。その上、三、四ヶ所から出火し、烈風によって焼き払われ、町屋の九分通りが消失した。本堂・山門・本坊は残ったのみで、その余はことごとく類焼し、前代未聞の大変事となった。追々聞き及ぶところによれば、寺領の八千人の人別のうち三千人余りが死亡し、その他、道中筋にて同様に死亡した者が何千人に及ぶか判明せず、また参詣者のうちおよそ二千人が死亡したとのことである。

一、飯山領城下ならびに上田領の稲荷山村は、右の善光寺と同様に地震の上に出火があり、土地の者はもちろん、止宿していた道者も夥しく死亡した。その他、水内・更科両郡の内、北国（街道沿いの被害については次頁へ続く）。

英語訳

[Right folio]
Along both banks of the Saigawa River, there are two villages called Hirai and Nagai. Rocks that collapsed from both sides of the mountains of that same district blocked the Saigawa River; the houses and trees alike now sit atop the collapsed earth, presenting the appearance of a great earthen embankment roughly eight chō in width. It is as though a natural mountain has appeared, with not a drop of water flowing downstream. Upstream has become like a lake, with several villages submerged. The water has accumulated over a width of six or seven chō, or in some places fourteen or fifteen chō, and stretching five or six ri in length. Though more than ten days have passed since the 24th, the water has still not drained. The location of the collapse is approximately eighty to ninety ken higher than the previous normal water level, and as the water continues to accumulate, the water surface is still more than thirty ken below the top of the collapse. Perhaps because clear weather has continued, the flow of the Saigawa has diminished, and the water pooled in that broad area is said to be rising at a rate of two to three shaku per day and night relative to the mountain's height. If heavy rain were to fall on top of this, the situation would be exceptional; otherwise, it is said that there is little chance of the water flowing away in fewer than twenty or thirty days. However, since word has spread that the villages downstream fear a sudden breach would annihilate the villages — with people carrying food and fleeing up into the mountains, or entire villages fleeing elsewhere in a panic — inspectors were dispatched to ascertain the conditions upstream. Their finding was that at present there appears to be no imminent risk of a sudden breach, and that even if water were to seep through, it would likely flow down gradually, as through the spout of a kettle.

[Left folio]
Item: It is said that approximately two-tenths of the houses in Matsushiro castle town have been destroyed, though the extent of damage varies by location. Across the entire domain, there are enormous numbers of destroyed houses and deaths; reports received so far account for more than 2,000 persons. The figures for the aforementioned Yamanaka district have yet to be determined, but rumor among retainers of the same domain holds that the total deaths may amount to approximately 10,000 persons.

Item: Zenkōji Temple was in the midst of its periodic public display (kaikō) and memorial services, and there were enormous numbers of pilgrims from throughout the country. When the earthquake struck suddenly that night, those who tried to flee could not even take two steps before being crushed; in households of ten persons, six or seven died, and in some cases entire households perished without exception, piling up what was described as mountains of the dead. Furthermore, fires broke out in three or four locations and, fanned by fierce winds, burned through the area; nine-tenths of the town's merchant houses were destroyed. Only the main hall, the main gate, and the main lodging temple survived; everything else burned in the conflagration. It was described as an unprecedented catastrophe. As further reports come in, it appears that of the 8,000 persons registered in the temple's domain, more than 3,000 died; additionally, how many thousands perished along the roads cannot yet be determined; and approximately 2,000 pilgrims are estimated to have died.

Item: In the castle town of Iiyama domain and the village of Inariyama in Ueda domain, just as at Zenkōji, earthquake and fire combined, and not only local residents but also lodging pilgrims died in great numbers. Furthermore, within Mizuchi and Sarashina districts, along the Hokurikudō— (continues on next page).