英語訳
## Right Page (Zoku Hossō-shū Shoshin Ryakuyō, Lower Volume — Section 10)
### [Upper Section]
At that moment, the appearance of the imagined (*parikalpita*) raging fire necessarily presents itself to the perceiving consciousness of (the hungry ghost). This is logically inevitable. However, whether such an appearance (of raging fire) exists at the level of what the eighth consciousness has transformed as original basis (*honjichi*, 本質) is something rather difficult to think through. Upon reflection, one may conclude that it can indeed be so — for karma-power (*gōriki*, 業力) makes it thus. When a hungry ghost's eighth consciousness seeks to partake of water at a given location in its transformed field, that water suddenly transforms into fire. This means that the current actuality (*gengō*, 現行) of the water ceases, and in its place the current actuality of fire arises. [Note: To speak truly, the sea is composed of the four great elements (*mahābhūta*, 四大) — as is raging fire. While the actual primary elements (*daishū*, 大種) are mutually present in both, we speak in terms of the dominant aspect (*zōsō*, 増相), saying that water ceases and fire appears.] At that moment, the eighth consciousness of the human being continues, just as before, to transform water at that location. The water transformed by the human's eighth consciousness and the fire transformed by the ghost's eighth consciousness are different, yet they coexist simultaneously in the same location. This is because the dharma-bodies of all things are like illusions and all return to one mind. Therefore, what karma-force brings about is wondrous in precisely this way. In general, the wondrous nature of karma-force is akin to the realm of supernormal powers (*jintsū*, 神通); the evidence for this is not confined to a single instance — there is no need to argue it anew. Therefore the objects transformed by the eighth consciousness contain such differences, and the humans and hungry ghosts, each relying upon (*jakutaku*, 杖) the transformations of their own respective eighth consciousness through their sixth consciousness, each transform their own image-divisions (*nimitta-bhāga*, 相分) — the former seeing water, the latter seeing fire. If this were not so, the reasoning would be extremely difficult to account for. Consider: when a hungry ghost is directly perceiving raging fire with its own eyes, can the eye-consciousness (*cakṣurvijñāna*, 眼識) fail to arise at that moment? If the eye-consciousness does arise, how could it fail to rely upon (*jakutaku*, 託) the transformations of the eighth consciousness? It is established that "the five sense-consciousnesses rely solely upon the image-divisions (*nimitta-bhāga*) of the eighth consciousness." (Alternatively, cases where the sixth consciousness transforms an external original basis causing (the sense-consciousness) to arise do not apply here since they are not instances of karma-force.) Furthermore, if at that moment the mano-vijñāna (*ijishiki*, 意識) sees the color of raging fire through the sense-faculty gate (*konmon*, 根門), then if there were no original basis, how could it see this through the sense-faculty gate? In many other ways this would also contradict the correct doctrinal principles (*shōsō*, 正相). Since the eighth consciousness already cognizes (its objects) through the sense-faculty gate, if the eye-consciousness does not arise, this too would contradict the correct doctrinal principles. The notion that the mano-vijñāna alone, without the five sense-consciousnesses arising, relies upon the sense-faculty gate is extremely difficult to maintain. Therefore, if the eye-consciousness arises, there must necessarily be an original basis transformed by the eighth consciousness, as stated above. When we thus carefully examine the differences in what the four classes of beings (*yonshu*, 四趣) perceive, it is logically inevitable that these are image-divisions derived from the objects of the eighth consciousness.
### [Lower Section]
As for the four categories of "common" and "uncommon" (*kyō-fukyō no shiku*, 共等四句): this (example of what the ghost sees as raging fire) falls under the category of "uncommon among the common" (*kyō-chū-fukyō*, 共中不共). Raging fire and the like are originally dharmas transformed in common as the outer physical world-container (*kikai*, 器界), but since their use and reception differ according to each being's individual karma (*betsugō*, 別業), they precisely fit that category.
In general, the physical world-container (*kikai*) is produced by the combined transformations of the eighth consciousnesses of self and other sentient beings, appearing as though it were a single thing. Each (transformation) functions as something that is both "that which accords" and "that which is accorded with," and together they form mutual causes and effects. The relationship of cause and effect necessarily involves neither identity (*soku*, 卽) nor separation (*ri*, 離). It is determined that if there were definite difference, the causal nature (*ingashō*, 因果性) should not apply; and it is determined that the natural (*hōni*, 法爾) cause-and-effect is neither identical nor separate. Taking, for instance, a single tree as an intimate example (*shinrei*, 親例): the transformations of the eighth consciousness of all sentient beings in the same realm are all present within this one tree (for beings of the desire realm share the same physical world-container, and so on up through the higher realms). In this way, when we now deliberate upon the transformations of sentient beings, while their combined transformations appear as a single thing, the individual transformations of each being differ; though they differ, they are not definitively separate (*jōi*, 定異); and yet they are not definitively identical (*jōichi*, 定一). The relationship between the transformations of the eighth consciousnesses of self and others is already as described. How much more so is this the case with the non-identity/non-separation of original basis and shadow-image (*eizō*, 影像) within one's own object-sphere? How much more so with the non-identity/non-separation of perceiving subject (*nōen*, 能縁) and perceived object (*shoen*, 所縁) within a single mind? Each of these is thus. In this way, within a single cluster (*isshu*, 一聚), the relationship between mind-king (*cittarāja*, 心王) and mental factors (*caitasika*, 心所), and within a single person's body the relationship among the eight consciousnesses, and so on — all are without identity yet without separation. There is not a single dharma that possesses a fixed, real nature (*jissō*, 実相). Why is this? Because every dharma arises from the discriminations of one's own mind. [Note: This is made necessarily clear through the principles of *vāsanā* (熏習) and so forth; the details are as recorded above.] It is precisely because (all things are) like the objects in a dream.
Moreover, in just this way, each pair of (dharmas standing in) relation mutually functions as cause and effect; all (dharmas) stand in the relationship of non-identity/non-separation; and within this, following events and depending upon their aspects, there are relations of proximity and distance (*shinsho*, 親疎), and of root and branch (*honmatsu*, 本末). The relation between self and other sentient beings is the most remote of all. This corresponds to the coarse condition (*soen*, 粗縁) within the predominant condition (*zōjōen*, 増上縁). Next, when the various dharmas within a single body stand in relation, there exist, in accordance with their nature, the four conditions (*shien*, 四縁) in their different modes; among these, the cause-and-effect of the direct cause-condition (*shinninnen*, 親因縁) is the most intimate. All the remaining (relations), layer upon layer, one by one, can be understood by analogy. This means that even though (all things are) fictitious (*koke*, 虚仮), the classifications of the fictitious do not become confused, and the ten thousand dharmas exist in clear distinctness (*entsūzen*, 宛然として存),
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## Left Page (Zoku Hossō-shū Shoshin Ryakuyō, Lower Volume — Section 11)
### [Upper Section]
because they persist (in their proper places). This too is because everything arises from the discriminations of one's own mind. To state it in brief: because (all things) arise from the discriminations of one's own mind, there is no fixed nature; and because (all things) arise from the discriminations of one's own mind, (the dharmas) do not fall into confusion with one another. If there were no such multi-layered distinctions, and things were uniformly identical (*ichijō sōsoku*, 一向相卽), then conversely there would be fixed natures — how then could we speak of "all dharmas being like a dream"? Truly, the principle of mind-only (*vijñaptimātratā*, 唯識) is profound and wondrous. In this way, like illusion and like dream [Note: The commentary suggests the second "如" (*nyoi*) may be a superfluous character], (all) the manifold appearances — being and non-being, identity and difference, conjunction and non-conjunction, and so forth — are entirely without fixed reality. Their nature (*shō*, 性) is precisely *tathatā* (真如, thusness/suchness). When this *tathatā* is expressed through language (*setsū*, 言詮), it is the natural and as-it-is (*hōni*, 法爾) principle of all dharmas arising through dependent origination (*pratītyasamutpāda*, 縁起縁生), which are fictitious like illusions. [Note: Regarding the *tathatā* and the relation of principle (*ri*, 理) and phenomena (*ji*, 事), this will be explained in what follows below.] This true principle (*shinri*, 真理) and the phenomenal aspects (*ujisōsō*, 有為事相) of conditioned existence are mutually neither identical nor separate. Within that true principle itself, there is also the quality of non-identity/non-separation.
Now then, in the supreme-meaning gate (*shōgimen*, 勝義門) of our school (the Hossō school), within the all-encompassing non-identity/non-separation:
- When phenomena (*ji*, 事) stand in relation to one another in the mode of non-identity/non-separation, **non-identity** (*fusoku*, 不卽) is the foundation (*hon*, 本), because phenomena are many and varied.
- When principle (*ri*, 理) stands in relation to principle in the mode of non-identity/non-separation, **non-separation** (*furi*, 不離) is the foundation, because principle is of a single undifferentiated flavor (*ichimi*, 一味).
- When phenomena and principle stand in relation in the mode of non-identity/non-separation, they are perfectly equal without root or branch (*honmatsu nashi*, 本末なし), because phenomenal aspect (*sō*, 相) and essential nature (*shō*, 性) depend upon each other.
The essential nature (*shō*) is unconditioned (*asaṃskṛta*, 無為); the phenomenal aspect (*sō*) has no fixed form (*jōsō nashi*, 定相なし); although there is arising and ceasing, there is no real arising and ceasing; and although there is no real arising and ceasing, this does not mean that the fictitious arising and ceasing is negated. The "fictitious" means precisely "having no fixed reality"; "having no fixed reality" is precisely the meaning of "no fixed characteristics" (*musō*, 無相); and "the nature of having no fixed characteristics" is precisely the true principle. If we differentiate them, arising-and-ceasing and non-arising-non-ceasing are distinct; if we speak of them as mutually identical (*sōsoku*, 相卽), then "having no characteristics" and "having no fixed characteristics" ultimately return to one. What person of wisdom could determine, regarding this matter, that there is either a fixed identity (*jōsoku*, 定卽) or a fixed separation (*jōri*, 定離)? Therefore, in the *Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra* (*Gejinmikkyō*, 解深密経), the Buddha himself, with regard to both the view of "being uniformly identical" and the view of "being entirely each separate," put forward the faults of (the analogy of the) seed(s) [Note: the commentary suggests "子" may be a scribal error for "種"] and rejected them both, establishing non-identity/non-difference (*fuichi-fui*, 不一不異) as the true and wondrous principle.
In this way, through the principle of mind-only —
### [Lower Section]
— the principle that all things are like a dream experienced in (the single) mind — when one has fully understood that self and other, mind and object, cause and effect, and so forth, are all without identity yet without separation, then: mind, buddhas, and sentient beings are all without distinction; the three realms are only one mind; outside the mind there is no separate dharma. "Mind, buddha, and sentient beings — these three are without distinction" — this is precisely what is meant. This is because one has come to understand that there is no difference based on fixed, real (*jōjitsu*, 定実) substance. The establishment of the two kinds of selflessness (*dvayairātmya*, 二無我) [i.e., selflessness of persons and selflessness of dharmas] likewise operates through this same principle. Because there is no real self or other, and because there are no dharmas with fixed, real substance, (the two selflessnesses are established). The establishment of the one-vehicle teaching (*ekayāna*, 一乗) also operates through this very gate. All the sages of the three vehicles (*triyāna*, 三乗) are all (*mina*) (situated within) this single wondrous purity; since there are differences in the depth (of spiritual attainment) by which they realize their fruits within it, the sentient beings of the five spiritual capacities (*gosei*, 五性) are all fictitious distinctions within this dharma-realm that is like an illusion. One should reflect on this deeply.
When one has fully understood the principle that the objects jointly transformed by self and other sentient beings are without identity yet without separation, the meaning that the transforming mind (*nōhen no shin*, 能変心) and what is (capable of being) fictitious are both without definite distinction between self and other will naturally become apparent. When one has fully understood that there is no definite distinction between self and other, mind and object, the wondrous meaning of the three non-distinctions (*sanmufubetsu*, 三無差別) will naturally become apparent. When one has fully understood the meaning of the three non-distinctions, that wondrous meaning will naturally become fully manifest. When the meaning of the three non-distinctions has become fully manifest, the one-vehicle teaching (*ekayāna*) and the doctrine of five (spiritual) natures (*gosei*, 五性) will be found to be in no way contradictory. Truly it should be known: the wondrous principle of mind-only (*vijñaptimātratā*) is the foremost among all dharma-gates. If one contemplates it widely and examines it in detail, mind-only is supreme. That the teachings of gradual awakening (*zengo*, 漸悟), sudden awakening (*tongo*, 頓悟), one-vehicle (*ekayāna*), and great vehicle (*mahāyāna*, 大乗) are none of them without dependence upon this profound principle — this is (presumably) the import.
The *Chéngwéishì lùn* (*Yuishiki-ron*, 唯識論) takes the simile of a shared/common transformed object (*kyōhen-kyō no tatoе*, 共変境喩) and presents the analogy of lamplight (*tōmyō no yu*, 燈明喩). That is: when many lamps are placed within a single room, the light of each lamp fills the entire room; it is difficult to distinguish the light of one from the light of another; they do not obstruct each other; together they appear as though they were a single light — and yet (they are) not definitively one, since each is produced by its own individual lamp. Nor (are they) definitively separate, since they all illuminate the same room together. The mountains, seas, grass, trees, and so forth that self and other sentient beings have transformed (conjointly) can be understood through this analogy.
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### On the True Principle and Phenomena (*shinri-ji*, 眞理事)