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BnF. Département des Manuscrits. Japonais 376 - 翻刻

BnF. Département des Manuscrits. Japonais 376 - ページ 138

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 四道 ̄ノ儒士 出身(しゆつしん)の処也和漢 最(もつとも)重職(ぢうしよく)たり紀伝(きでん)明経(みやうきやう)明法(みやうほふ)算道(さんだう)これを四道(しだう)  といふ又 当寮(たうりやう)には先聖(せんせい)先師(せんし)九哲(きうてつ)を安置(あんち)し春秋二仲に釈奠す東西の  二曹は菅江(くわんこう)の二家其曹の主たり諸氏出身の儒道を此二家に訪(と)ふ  寮の頭(かみ)は儒中の撰(せん)也当寮の長官(ちやうくわん)を大学 ̄ノ頭(かみ)といふ《割書:唐名|国子監》助(すけ)《割書:唐名国|子司業》允(しよう)《割書:大少唐名|国子丞》  博士(はかせ)《割書:一人 唐名|大学博士》助教(じよきやう)《割書:二人|大学助》直講(ぢきかう)《割書:二人|直学士》音博士(おんはかせ)《割書:二人|音韻 ̄ノ儒》書博士(しよはかせ)《割書:二人|書学博士》明法博士(みやうほうはかせ)  《割書:二人|律学博士》算博士(さんはかせ)《割書:二人|算学博士》学生(がくしやう)《割書:四百|人》文章生(もんしやうしやう)《割書:二十人》得業生(とくこふしやう)《割書:十人》算生(さんしやう)《割書:三十人》《割書:云々》  延喜式 ̄ニ曰大学寮の博士に夏冬時服を給ふと《割書:云々》むかしは国毎(くにこと)に学  問所あり博士医師各《割書:々》一人其 学生(がくしやう)大国は五十人上国は四十人中国は三十人  下国は二十人《割書:ツヽ》也 医生(いしやう)は五分の四を減る《割書:大国は十人上国は八人|中国は六人下国は四人》と或書に見ゆ ○制度通《割書:巻十|一》に本朝之制毎歳春秋二仲上 ̄ノ丁 ̄ノ日釈_二奠 ̄ス于大学寮 ̄ニ_一祭 ̄リ_二先聖  先師 ̄ヲ_一従_二祀 ̄ス九哲 ̄ヲ_一釈奠のこと 文武天皇大宝元年二月丁巳の日はしめ  て行ふ是より以来御代々修し行はれて文明の比まてこれありと

現代語訳

四道の儒士出身の処である。和漢において最も重要な職である。紀伝・明経・明法・算道、これを四道という。また当寮には先聖・先師・九哲を安置し、春秋の二仲月に釈奠を行う。東西の二曹は菅江の二家がその曹の主となっている。諸氏出身の儒道をこの二家に問う。 寮の頭は儒学者の中から選ばれる。当寮の長官を大学頭という《唐名では国子監》。助《唐名では国子司業》、允《大少、唐名では国子丞》、博士《一人、唐名では大学博士》、助教《二人、大学助》、直講《二人、直学士》、音博士《二人、音韻の儒》、書博士《二人、書学博士》、明法博士《二人、律学博士》、算博士《二人、算学博士》、学生《四百人》、文章生《二十人》、得業生《十人》、算生《三十人》等がいる。 延喜式に「大学寮の博士に夏冬の時服を給う」とある。昔は国ごとに学問所があり、博士・医師各一人、その学生は大国は五十人、上国は四十人、中国は三十人、下国は二十人ずつである。医生はその五分の四を減らす《大国は十人、上国は八人、中国は六人、下国は四人》とある書に見える。 ○制度通《巻十一》に「本朝の制では、毎歳春秋の二仲月上丁の日に大学寮にて釈奠を行い、先聖・先師を祭り、九哲を従祀する」とある。釈奠のことは文武天皇大宝元年二月丁巳の日に初めて行われた。これより以来、代々修行されて文明の頃まで続いた。

英語訳

This was the place where Confucian scholars of the four disciplines received their education. It was the most important position in Japanese and Chinese learning. The four disciplines were: Kiden (historical records), Myōkyō (Confucian classics), Myōhō (law), and Sandō (mathematics). The bureau also enshrined the Former Sages, Former Teachers, and Nine Worthies, performing the Seidian ceremony during the second months of spring and autumn. The Eastern and Western divisions were headed by the two houses of Kan and Kō. Confucian scholars from various clans would consult these two houses. The head of the bureau was selected from among Confucian scholars. The chief administrator of the bureau was called Daigaku-no-kami (Head of the Imperial University) 《Chinese title: Guozijian》. Other positions included: Suke 《Chinese: Guozi-siyi》, Jō 《Senior and Junior, Chinese: Guozi-cheng》, Hakase (Professor) 《one person, Chinese: Daxue-boshi》, Jokyō (Assistant Professor) 《two people, Daxue-zhu》, Jikikō (Lecturer) 《two people, Zhi-xueshi》, On-hakase (Phonetics Professor) 《two people, specialists in phonetics》, Sho-hakase (Calligraphy Professor) 《two people, Shuxue-boshi》, Myōhō-hakase (Law Professor) 《two people, Lüxue-boshi》, San-hakase (Mathematics Professor) 《two people, Suanxue-boshi》, Gakushō (Students) 《400 people》, Monshōshō (Literature Students) 《20 people》, Tokugyōshō (Advanced Students) 《10 people》, Sanshō (Mathematics Students) 《30 people》, etc. The Engi-shiki states that "summer and winter seasonal robes are provided to professors of the Imperial University." In ancient times, each province had a school with one professor and one physician each. Students numbered: 50 in major provinces, 40 in superior provinces, 30 in middle provinces, and 20 in lower provinces. Medical students were reduced by four-fifths 《10 in major provinces, 8 in superior provinces, 6 in middle provinces, 4 in lower provinces》, as seen in certain records. ○The Seidōtsū 《Volume 11》 states: "According to our country's system, on the first ding day of the second months of spring and autumn each year, the Seidian ceremony is performed at the Imperial University, worshipping the Former Sages and Former Teachers, with the Nine Worthies as associated deities." The Seidian ceremony was first performed on the ding-si day of the second month of the first year of Taihō under Emperor Monmu. From then on, it was practiced by successive generations until around the Bunmei era.