翻刻
和漢三才圖會芳草類ニ曰
牡丹(ホタン)《割書:フカミクサ|》
《割書:唐音| メウ タン|》 異名同シ後ニ
故畧
和名類聚鈔ニ云
牡丹 本草注ニ曰牡丹一名鹿韮擧有の和名
《割書:フカミクサ|》 布加美比佐佐
中華ニテ花王ト稱シ花ノ富貴ナル者トス中蕐ニ洛陽ノ牡丹ヲ
名産トス日本ニハ上代イマタ牡丹ナカリシニヤ萬葉集古今集等ニハ
詠セス詞花集ニ新院崇徳院位ニヲハシマシヽトキ牡丹ヲ詠セ玉ヘ
ケルニヨミハヘリケル關白太政大臣藤忠通咲シヨリチリハツルマテ
見シ程ニ花ノモトニヘハツカヘニケリ〇倭名廿草又フカミ草
ト云古ヘハ賞翫モナカリシニヤ歌人ノ詠多カラス中蕐ニモ神農本経
ニ牡丹ヲノセタリ其花ヲ賞スル事唐ヨリ以前ハマレナリ鶴林玉露曰
牡丹自唐以前未聞フ至テ武后カ時ニ樵夫探テ山ヲ乃得之ヲトイヘリ中
蕐ニモ唐以前牡丹文士ノ詠作ナシ日本ニテ古代賞玩ナキコトムベ也
此説解大和本草にモ載セタリ
現代語訳
和漢三才図会芳草類に曰く
牡丹(ボタン)(フカミグサ)
(唐音 メウ タン) 異名は後に同じ
故に略す
和名類聚抄に云う
牡丹 本草注に曰く牡丹一名鹿韮と、その和名は
(フカミグサ) 布加美比佐佐
中国では花王と称し、花の富貴なる者とする。中国では洛陽の牡丹を
名産とする。日本には上代はまだ牡丹がなかったのであろうか、万葉集・古今集等には
詠まれていない。詞花集に新院(崇徳院)が位におられた時、牡丹を詠まれた
ところに詠み返したのが関白太政大臣藤原忠通「咲きしよりちり果つるまで
見し程に花のもとにへばつかえにけり」○倭名は二十草又はフカミ草
という。古くは鑑賞もなかったのであろうか、歌人の詠作は多くない。中国でも神農本経
に牡丹を載せているが、その花を賞することは唐より以前は稀である。鶴林玉露に曰く
「牡丹は唐以前には聞かず、武后の時に至って樵夫が山を探って乃ちこれを得た」という。中
国でも唐以前には牡丹を文士が詠んだ作品はない。日本で古代に鑑賞がないこともむべなるかな。
この説は大和本草にも載せてある。
英語訳
The Wakan Sansai Zue (Illustrated Sino-Japanese Encyclopedia) in the Fragrant Plants section states:
Botan (Tree peony) (Fukamigusa)
(Chinese pronunciation: Meu Tan) Alternative names are the same as mentioned later,
therefore abbreviated
The Wamyō Ruijushō states:
Botan The Honzō commentary says "Botan, also called rokukyo," and its Japanese name is
(Fukamigusa) fukamihisasa
In China it is called the "King of Flowers" and considered the most magnificent of flowers. In China, the peonies of Luoyang are
considered a famous product. In ancient Japan, there were probably no peonies yet, as they are not
found in the Man'yōshū, Kokinshū, and other collections. In the Shikashū, when the New Retired Emperor (Emperor Sutoku) was on the throne, he composed a poem about peonies,
and in response, Chancellor and Grand Minister Fujiwara no Tadamichi replied: "From when it bloomed until it scattered away,
I watched so long that I grew weary at the flower's base." ○ The Japanese name is Nijūsō or Fukamigusa.
Perhaps there was no appreciation in ancient times, as poets' compositions are not numerous. Even in China, though the Shennong Bencao
includes the peony, appreciation of its flowers was rare before the Tang dynasty. The Helin Yulu states:
"Peonies were unheard of before the Tang; it was during Empress Wu's time that woodcutters searching the mountains finally discovered them." Even in China, there are no literary works by scholars praising peonies before the Tang dynasty. It is understandable that there was no appreciation in ancient Japan.
This theory is also recorded in the Yamato Honzō.