英語訳
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Furthermore, there were ten million billion nine Brahma three pure ones: Seventh, listing the Brahma assembly. The three pure ones refer to the three heavens of the third dhyana: Lesser Purity, Immeasurable Purity, and Universal Purity. The verse commentary states: Lesser Purity Heaven—because of the blissful sensation in the mental ground, it is called pure. Among the third dhyana, this purity is the smallest, hence called Lesser Purity. Second, Immeasurable Purity Heaven—this purity becomes superior and limitless in measure, hence called Immeasurable Purity. Third, Universal Purity Heaven—because purity pervades everywhere, it is called Universal Purity. 《Split writing: text》 Lesser: body height sixteen yojanas, lifespan sixteen kalpas. Immeasurable: body measure thirty-two yojanas, lifespan thirty-two kalpas. Universal: body measure sixty-four yojanas, lifespan sixty-four kalpas. 《Split writing: and so forth》
Three lights: The three heavens of the second dhyana—Lesser Light, Immeasurable Light, and極光浄 (Supreme Light Purity). The verse commentary states: Because the light is smallest, it is called Lesser Light. Because the light becomes superior and immeasurable, it is called Immeasurable Light. Because the light surpasses the previous and illuminates self and others everywhere, it is called Supreme Light Purity. 《Split writing: text》 Lesser Light: body measure two yojanas, lifespan two kalpas. Immeasurable Light: body measure four yojanas, lifespan four kalpas. Supreme: body measure eight yojanas, lifespan eight kalpas.
Three: The three heavens of the first dhyana—Brahma Assembly, Brahma Ministers, Great Brahma. The verse commentary states: The first is called Brahma Assembly Heaven because they are the assembly ruled by Great Brahma King. 《Split writing: text》 Also, the second states: Brahma Minister Heaven serves and attends Brahma King as ministers and assistants. 《Split writing: text》 Great Brahma—as the light states: because they are born in the place of vast goodness, they are called Brahma. This Brahma is great, hence called Great Brahma. 《Split writing: text》 Assembly: body measure thirty and a half yojanas, lifespan half kalpa. Ministers: body measure one and a half yojanas, lifespan one kalpa. Great: body measure one and a half yojanas, lifespan one and a half kalpas. 《Split writing: and so forth》
Five Joyful Pleasure Heavens: The latter five among the nine heavens of the fourth dhyana. These are the five Pure Abode heavens. The commentary states:
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These beings delight in discussing doctrine, hence called Joyful Pleasure. 《Split writing: text》 No Affliction, No Heat, Good Manifestation, Good Sight, Ultimate Form. The verse commentary states: "Affliction" means vexation. Among No Affliction, this is the first, hence it obtains the name No Affliction. 《Split writing: text》 It also states: Because mental pleasure is gentle and separated from all heat and vexation, it is called No Heat. 《Split writing: text》 It also states: Good Manifestation Heaven obtains superior mixed cultivation of pure contemplation; because merits are easily manifested, it is called Good Manifestation. 《Split writing: text》 It also states: Among form heavens, there is no place that can surpass this, hence it is called Ultimate Form. 《Split writing: text》 These five heavens are only for saints, not ordinary beings. They are called the five non-returner heavens. Affliction: body measure one thousand yojanas, lifespan one thousand kalpas. Heat: body measure two thousand yojanas, lifespan two thousand kalpas. 《Split writing: and so forth》 Regarding the increase of body measure and lifespan, the verse commentary states: The first four increase by half and half, above this they increase by double and double 《Split writing: text》—consider this.
Heavenly concentration: The commentary states: Heavenly concentration is retributive concentration—that is, retributive dhyana, the five aggregates of retribution. 《Split writing: text》
Meritorious concentration: The commentary states: Meritorious concentration is pure concentration—that is, pure dhyana, the good contaminated five aggregates.
Relish: The commentary states: Relish is relish concentration—attachment to dhyana concentration. 《Split writing: text》
Constant pleasure supernatural powers: The commentary states: Constant pleasure supernatural powers are two types—cultivated supernatural powers and retributive supernatural powers. 《Split writing: text》
Eighteen birth places, all merits accomplished: This is the general conclusion of the eighteen heavens of the four dhyanas. 《Split writing: Three heavens each for three dhyanas, eight heavens for the fourth dhyana》《Split writing: Cloudless, Merit-born, Extensive Result, etc.》
Furthermore, there were billions of sons of the six desire heavens: Eighth, listing the assembly of the six heavens of the desire realm—Four Kings, Thirty-three, Yama, Tuṣita, Delighting in Transformation, Controlling Others' Transformations. The commentary does not explain each one individually. The Four Heavenly
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Kings are vassals of Indra dwelling on the half-slope of Sumeru. The east is called Dhṛtarāṣṭra Heaven, south is Virūḍhaka Heaven, west is Virūpākṣa Heaven, north is Vaiśravaṇa Heaven. Trāyastriṃśa translates as Thirty-three Heavens. On the four sides of Sumeru there are eight cities each, with a great city in the center where Indra dwells—altogether thirty-three heavens. Yama translates as Time Division. The verse commentary states: Yama Heaven is called Time Division because in that heaven they frequently chant "How joyful!" 《Split writing: text》 Tuṣita fully called Tuṣita Heaven translates as Contentment. The verse commentary states: Tuṣita Heaven is called Contentment because they generate a mind of contentment regarding the pleasures of the five desires. 《Split writing: text》 Delighting in Transformation—the verse commentary states: Delighting in Transformation Heaven transforms the five desire objects by itself. 《Split writing: text》 The Treatise on Abiding in Mind quotes the Abhidharma text stating: They enjoy receiving various wonderful desire objects of self and others. Among the wonderful desire objects of self and others, they turn freely. 《Split writing: text》 At this time, it should be read as "gyō" (enjoying).
Regarding body measures and lifespans of the six desire heavens: All six heavens have males and females born transformed above the knees. They divide day and night according to flower opening and closing, bird calls, and the waking and sleeping of the quiet heavenly assembly. Four Kings: newborn bodies are like five-year-old humans, when fully mature they are half a li. Lifespan: fifty human years equal one day and night, living five hundred years. Trāyastriṃśa: newborn like six-year-old humans, when mature one li. Lifespan: one hundred human years equal one day and night, living one thousand years. Consider the rest accordingly.
Ten good karmic results, supernatural powers, all merits accomplished: The commentary states: Not committing the ten evils constitutes the ten goods. 《Split writing: text》
Furthermore, there were sixteen great kings: Ninth, listing the human king assembly—consider this.
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Each having ten thousand, twenty thousand, up to one hundred thousand retainers. Five precepts, ten goods, three refuges—Buddha, Dharma, Sangha 《Split writing: [investigation] there may be missing text after "Sangha"》
Meritorious pure faith practice complete: The commentary states: Because the four faiths are accomplished, it is called pure faith. 《Split writing: text》 Also, universally attaining right faith in Mahayana is called pure faith. The four faiths in Buddha, Dharma, Sangha, and precepts are proportionally complete. 《Split writing: text》
Furthermore, there were all sentient beings of the five paths 《Split writing: [margin] when opened, the six paths》: Tenth, listing the assembly of the five paths. The commentary states: Through the compassionate power of saints, they are able to come to the dharma assembly. The six paths should be listed.
Furthermore, there were immeasurable assemblies from other directions: Eleventh, listing the holy assemblies from other directions. The textual form can be seen.
Furthermore 《Split writing: [margin] From the twelfth below, five things are clarified》, transforming the pure lands of the ten directions, manifesting billions of high seats, creating billions of Sumeru jewel flowers, on the flowers before each seat there are 《Split writing: [margin] Below clarifies the power of buddhas and bodhisattvas》 immeasurable transformation buddhas, with immeasurable bodhisattvas, monks, and great assemblies of the eight groups. The commentary states: The eight groups are: first, kṣatriya assembly; second, śramaṇa assembly; third, brāhmaṇa assembly; fourth, four heavenly kings assembly; fifth, thirty-three heavens assembly; sixth, six heavens assembly; seventh, māra assembly; eighth, brahma assembly. 《Split writing: text》 Consider this.
Each seated on jewel lotus flowers, on the flowers are all immeasurable lands. In each land are buddhas and great assemblies just like now with no difference. In each land 《Split writing: [margin] Below, inconceivable power can expound dharma》, each buddha and great assembly each expounds prajñāpāramitā. Other directions 《Split writing: [margin] Below summarizes the above: śrāvakas, pratyekabuddhas, bodhisattvas, five-precept worthy ones, pure faith women, seven worthy laypeople, brahma assembly, desire heavens, human king assembly, five paths》《Split writing: assembly, other direction assembly, transformation assembly》 great assemblies and transformation assemblies, assemblies within these three realms—twelve great assemblies all come and gather, sitting on nine-kalpa lotus seats. The commentary states: Nine-kalpa lotus means a nine-tiered flower seat. 《Split writing: text》