英語訳
## Page Thirty
### [Upper Section] (Continuation of the Table of Contents)
- **Question:** The first *initial aspiration for awakening* (*shohosshin*, *prathamacittotpāda*) (taught in) the *Mañjuśrī-paripṛcchā-sūtra* (*Monju-mon-kyō*) — does it belong to the pre-stage grounds (*jizen*) or the above-stage grounds (*jijō*)?
- **Question:** The aspiration for awakening of the one-life-supplement (*ichishō-fusho*, *ekajāti-pratibaddha*) bodhisattva (taught in) the *Mañjuśrī-paripṛcchā-sūtra* — is it exclusively of the tenth ground?
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### [Lower Section]
## *Saishō Mondō-shō*, Fascicle Four
#### Fascicle Four
**Question:** [Rubric: The sūtra passage (on the) four seasons (?) of *yūkaku* serves as this.] The sūtra describes the appearance of the bodhisattva of the stage of Direct Manifestation (*Genzenchi*, *Abhimukhī*) as "ponds of seven-jeweled flowers, filled with water of eight virtues" (etc.). If so, do the four-colored lotus flowers all grow together in these flower ponds?
**It is advanced:** The commentary (*疏*, *sho*) says "the four flowers grow together" (etc.). Regarding this — following the interpretation of the commentary's author and reading the present text of the sūtra, in the passage about the seven-jeweled flower pond, (the text) states that *utpalā* flowers (blue lotuses), *kumuda* flowers (yellow lotuses), and *puṇḍarīka* flowers (white lotuses) adorn every place — does it not list only three colors of flowers? Following the same text in a different translation, it is also the same. Here, at the edge of the flower pond, four stepped paths are manifested, symbolizing the contemplation of the four noble truths (*shitai-kan*); and within the water of wisdom, three-colored flowers are manifested, indicating the aspect of the three wisdoms [marginal note: *shō-kū* (emptiness of self), *hō-kū* (emptiness of dharmas), and *gū-kū* (emptiness of both)]. How can one, contrary to the sūtra text, say "the four flowers grow together"? Based on this, other masters have judged that three-colored flowers are manifested to symbolize the aspect of the three wisdoms. How (should this be understood)?
**Personal view:** Since three colors are already listed, why is the *padma* flower (red lotus) excluded? Even granting that (the flowers) symbolize the three wisdoms, what rationale is there for excluding it? Therefore, even if there is *hyōsen* (positive, explicit denotation), there would be no *shasen* (negative, restrictive exclusion). The interpretation of the other masters appears to lack ground. In general, regarding the adornment of the flower pond by the growth of lotus flowers — if all four flowers are present, the adornment is complete. The interpretation that there are four flowers is most in accord with the original intent of the sūtra text. For this reason, the seventh (fascicle) of the old eight-fascicle sūtra says: "In its ponds, various flowers grow: *utpalā* flowers, *padma* flowers, *kumuda* flowers, and *puṇḍarīka* flowers" (etc.). This may be taken as evidence. Also, the "Chapter on Protection by the Celestial Beings and Yakṣas" (*Shoten Yasha Goji-hon*) says: "They plant *padma* and *puṇḍarīka*, the two lotus flowers of blue and white, which fill the ponds completely throughout." According to one line of inquiry, this too may be taken as evidence in the same way. [Marginal note: As in the annotation of the ninth fascicle.]
However, if (we understand that) the four-colored lotus flowers are displayed as a symbolic representation, then: when the bodhisattva of the sixth ground (*roku-chi*) contemplates dependent origination (*engi*, *pratītyasamutpāda*), within the twelve links of dependent origination, the aspects are divided into four kinds — the actively-drawing supports (*nōin-shi*), the passively-drawn supports (*shōin-shi*), the actively-producing supports (*nōshō-shi*), and the passively-produced supports (*shōshō-shi*) — and these are what is symbolized. Furthermore, an old inquiry states: "The contemplation of the four noble truths belongs to the fifth ground. Why should the four stepped paths represent the contemplation of the four noble truths?" To reconcile this: "The commentary interprets this passage as follows: 'through the wisdom of dharma-category cognition (*hōrui-chi*), relying upon the contemplation of the four noble truths, one awakens to the principle of dependent origination, and (this gives rise to) four stepped paths'" (etc.). Even with this interpretation, the point of doubt has not yet been resolved. Taking one perspective to settle the matter: since the contemplative practice (*kangan*) of the preceding ground gives rise to the wisdom of the subsequent ground, in the preceding fifth ground, relying upon the wisdom of contemplating the four noble truths, the wisdom of the subsequent ground that contemplates dependent origination arises. The actively-drawing (supports) are cited to reveal and symbolize the passively-drawn (supports). Thus the commentary appears to be interpreted as saying "relying upon the contemplation of the four noble truths, one awakens to the contemplation of dependent origination; the contemplation of the four noble truths serves as the basis (*所依*)."
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**Question:** In the commentary of the present fascicle, the sūtra explains the characteristics of the obstacles to be eliminated at the third ground as "what had not yet been obtained is now obtained; craving-attachment (*aijaku*) and ignorance (*mumyō*)" (etc.). If so, what *dharma* does "what had not yet been obtained is now obtained" refer to?
**It is advanced:** The commentary says "it refers to the undefiled superior meditative concentration (*muro-shōjō*)" (etc.). Regarding this: "what had not yet been obtained is now obtained; craving-attachment (*aijaku*) and ignorance (*mumyō*)" is the obstacle to be eliminated at the entry-mind (*nyūshin*) of the third ground. The *dharma* that is the object of craving-attachment must naturally be a *dharma* attained in the preceding two grounds. Why then (does the commentary) say it is the superior meditative concentration (*shōjō*) attained in the present ground? As an analogy, consider the case of the fourth ground, where the obstacles of "relishing-attachment" (*mijaku*), "*samāpatti*" (*tōji*), "joyful-delight" (*kietsu*), and "ignorance" (*mumyō*) are eliminated, and the *dharma* that is the object of attachment is called "the superior concentration of the preceding three grounds." If one forcibly takes the superior concentration of the present ground as the object of craving-attachment of the obstacle at the present ground, then the obstacle and its antidote (*ji*, *pratipakṣa*) would arise in the same place. Would it not then be difficult to distinguish the obstacles of the third and fourth grounds? How (should this be understood)?
### [Lower Section]
**Personal view:** While the difficulty raised is plausible as one perspective, if one inquires into the *dharma* that is obstructed and the essential nature of the obstructing (force), the commentary's interpretation has considerable logical validity. In the present sūtra text, "what had not yet been obtained is now obtained" means that the undefiled superior meditative concentration attained at the third ground had not yet been obtained at the second ground, and is now obtained at the third ground. The essence of "now obtained" must naturally be the superior meditative concentration attained at the third ground. As for "craving-attachment and ignorance" — this is the foolishness of sensual craving (*yokutōn-no-gu*, *kāmacchanda*). The craving (*ton*, *rāga*) bound to the desire realm becomes craving-attached to the objects of the five sensual pleasures (*goyoku-kyō*) and gives rise to distraction (*sanran*, *vikṣepa*). Therefore, it distantly obstructs the superior meditative concentration, and what is closely the object of craving-attachment is the domain of the five sensual pleasures. What is obstructed is the superior meditative concentration; what is craved is the realm of the five sensual pleasures. Next, "relishing-attachment to *samāpatti*" (*mijaku-tōji*) is precisely the foolishness of craving-attachment to *samāpatti* (*tōji-ai-no-gu*). (This) becomes relishingly attached to the superior meditative concentration attained at the third ground, obstructs the bodhi-branch *dharmas* (*bodaibun-hō*, *bodhipākṣika-dharma*) attained at the fourth ground, and prevents their attainment. It cherishes and takes possession of the inferior meditative concentration attained at the third ground, and prevents the attainment of the superior meditative concentration encompassed by the bodhi-branch *dharmas*. Therefore, the object (*kyō*) of attachment is the meditative concentration attained at the third ground, and the *dharma* that is obstructed is the bodhi-branch *dharmas* attained at the fourth ground. If that is so, the obstructing *dharma*, the object of attachment, and the obstructed concentration differ considerably from one another. How then would the obstacle and its antidote arise at the same location? Would the obstacles of the third and fourth grounds be confused? [Marginal note: This should be examined by cross-referencing the tenth (fascicle of the) *Yuishiki-sho* (*Vijñaptimātratā* commentary).]
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**Question:** In the commentary of the present fascicle, regarding the five kinds of vows of the Bodhisattva (*bosatsu-no-goshigan*), it is not clear whether there can be vows to take rebirth (*jushō-gan*) in both the good realms (*zen-shu*) and the evil realms (*aku-shu*).
**Both sides (are presented):** If (the vow) extends to the evil realms, (then since) a bodhisattva at the time of entering the path of insight (*kendo*, *darśana-mārga*) attains the (state of) not being born in evil realms, how can there be a vow to be born in evil realms? Based on this, the *Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra* (*Yuga-ron*), (fascicle) forty-five, in clarifying the vow of taking rebirth, says "vowing to be born in a good realm" (etc.). If one follows this and such is the case: since (the bodhisattva) already retains innate afflictions (*guishō-bonnō*, *sahaja-kleśa*) and has the principle of taking rebirth with the assistance (of vows), why would there be a prohibition against taking rebirth in evil realms? Based on this, in the various teachings of the greater and lesser vehicles, the *bodhi-*