英語訳
## Page Forty-Four
### [Upper Section]
**Personal view:** Both interpretations each have their reasonableness. First, the intent of the initial interpretation: "Is it not the case that the golden color of the body's radiance (*shinkō*) derives from the golden color of the skin of the body? Therefore, (the verse) is said to praise the characteristic of the skin of the body being the color of gold." Next, regarding "The most superior body of the World-Honored One is the color of gold (etc.)": the commentary (*sho*) interprets this as "combined praise (*gōsan*, 合讚) (etc.)." The meaning is: the upper (passage) separately praises, among the parts of the body, the skin as one part; the lower (passage) praises the parts of the body collectively — and this is because the parts of the body include bones and so forth. Next, the intent of the (second) interpretation: in praising the constant radiance (*jōkō*, 常光), there are distinct aspects on each side. The (upper passage) uses the simile of gold color, while the lower (passage) reveals (the Buddha's) compassion for sentient beings through (the image of) one *hiro* (a unit of length). Although (both passages speak of) the constant radiance, they each express distinct virtues.
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**Question:** Concerning the clarification of the purport of emptiness (*kū*, *śūnyatā*) in the sūtra — apart from "emptiness of the conditioned" (*ui-kū*, 有爲空) and "emptiness of the unconditioned" (*mui-kū*, 無爲空), can one establish "emptiness of both the conditioned and the unconditioned" (*ui-mui-kū*, 有爲無爲空)?
**Answer:** One cannot establish it.
Regarding this: in the present commentary, apart from "inner emptiness" (*naikū*, 内空) and "outer emptiness" (*gekū*, 外空), (the commentary) has judged that "emptiness of inner-and-outer" (*naige-kū*, 内外空) is to be established. By analogy [Marginal note: (Editor's note) there appears likely to be a missing character below "example" (*rei*, 例)], could one not establish "emptiness of both the conditioned and the unconditioned"? Furthermore, with respect to the various conditioned and unconditioned dharmas, there should be the attachment of separating and combining (*ri-gō no shū*, 離合執), so why, when combined, does one not establish "emptiness of both the conditioned and the unconditioned"? [Marginal note: Erin of the Prajñā Assembly (*Hannyakai no Erin*) raises this (as a problem).]
**Personal view:** In the present commentary, the clarification of "inner-outer emptiness" (*naige-kū*) appears to involve two meanings. First, (establishing it) with reference to the substance of dharmas (*hōtai*, 法体): in the (process of) creating (*tsukuru*, 造) the five faculties (*go-kon*, 五根) and the supporting material (*fuchinjin*, 扶塵) by the four great elements (*shi-dai-shu*, 四大種), there are two aspects — creating the inner faculties (*nai-kon*, 内根) and creating the outer supporting matter (*gai fuchinjin*, 外扶塵) — and therefore one speaks of "inner-outer emptiness." Second, "inner emptiness" and "outer emptiness" (can be) observed separately and then also observed collectively in combination, (and this combined observation) is called "inner-outer emptiness (etc.)." [Marginal note: Paraphrase of the meaning.] When the analogical objection (*rei-nan*, 例難) is addressed through each of these two meanings: when (the question is) discussed with reference to the substance of dharmas, "inner-outer emptiness" has a substance of dharmas — namely, its substance is the four great elements. However, the so-called "emptiness of both the conditioned and the unconditioned," combined beyond the conditioned and unconditioned emptiness, has no substance of dharmas.
### [Lower Section]
How, then, could one establish it? Next, when (they are) observed collectively in combination, "emptiness of both the conditioned and the unconditioned" should also exist. Therefore, the *Kūgi-shō* (空義章, "Chapter on the Meaning of Emptiness") judges: "It is not said to be the only (teaching); the principle also admits of no harm (*mushō*, 無傷)." This is that meaning. The meaning is: it does not say that "only inner-outer emptiness is to be established"; (the text implies that) even if the principle permits (*yurusu*) this (i.e., emptiness of both the conditioned and the unconditioned), there is no fault. (The *Kūgi-shō*) does not prohibit (*sha*, 遮) the establishing of "emptiness of both the conditioned and the unconditioned," but rather interprets (the matter) as: there is no fault in permitting it. However, the reason that the (relevant) chapter (of the *Kūgi-shō*) interprets the non-establishment (of emptiness of both the conditioned and the unconditioned) through two meanings is that it is interpreting the fact that (the matter) is not taught (*toku*, 說) in the doctrine — it is not saying that the doctrine does not permit it.
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The *Kūgi-shō* states: "Question: Why is it that inner and outer (emptiness) are observed through the combination and separation (*ri-gō*, 離合), whereas conditioned and unconditioned (*u-mu*, 有無) are not? Answer: It is not said to be the only (teaching); the principle also admits of no harm. The two dharmas of inner and outer are alike (in being) conditioned (*ui*, 有爲), and therefore combined observation is easy. (But) conditioned and unconditioned observed in combination is difficult. Therefore (the sūtra) does not teach it. Furthermore, attachment to the two dharmas of inner and outer (creates the view that there is) a self (*ga*, 我) and a self's possessions (*gasho*, 我所) in their separation and combination; by observing the separation and combination (analytically), one breaks through that attachment. The two dharmas of conditioned and unconditioned are not like this. Therefore there is no combined (observation) (etc.)." [Marginal note: The *Daijō Gishō* (*Dacheng yizhang*, 大乘義章) is in general agreement with this.]
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**Colophon:**
The fifth of the ten (fascicles kept in the) newly built house (*shinjōya*, 新造屋) of Kasuga Shrine (*Kasuga-sha*, 春日社).
Collated once against a manuscript copy (*shahon*), completed.
The writing paper: (managed by) the Provisional Senior Monk (*Gon-Daisō*, 権大僧都) of the Kendōbō (*Kendō-bō*, 顕定房). [Konzōin hon'gan (金藏院本願).]
Completed at the end of Eiroku first year (*tsuchinoe-uma*, 戊午), seventh month, last day. Seiin (*Seiïn*, 清胤).
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## Page Forty-Five
### [Upper Section]
**Table of Contents for *Saishō Mondōshō*, Scroll Six**
**Scroll Six**
Question: The sūtra (states): "(The Buddhas) with one accord praised the *dharmabhāṇaka* (Dharma-teacher), saying (etc.)." Is (the praise) limited to the Dharma-teacher who makes offerings?
Question: At the beginning of the ten Dharma-practices (*juppō-gyō*, 十法行), the merit of listening and learning is mentioned. How is this interpreted?
Question: The sūtra (states): "Crossing the vast and fearsome great ocean, one is liberated from birth-and-death (text)." Does "birth-and-death" encompass both karma and the afflictions (*gyō-bonnō*, 業煩惱)?
Question: Are the six kinds (of instruments) such as the Dharma-drum (*hōku*, 法皷) and the Dharma-conch (*hōra*, 法螺) the Mahāyāna wheel of Dharma (*daijō hōrin*, 大乘法輪)?
Question: The sūtra (states): "The Buddha's virtue is boundless, like the great ocean (text)." What virtue is being praised?
Question: [Marginal note: (Editor's note) "有" (*u*, "there is/exists") appears likely to be a superfluous character.] [Marginal note: (Editor's note) "為" (*i*) is likely "以" (*i*, "using/by means of")] The principle of taking wisdom as the primary (element). Does this exist?
Question: The sūtra (states): "Transcending all the assemblies of the holy (ones), surpassing the three realms, (the Buddha) is the most supreme honored one (text)." How does the commentary master (*shoshu*) interpret this?
Question: The sūtra (states): "Arousing the great compassionate mind (*daijishin*, 大慈心), he vows to bestow peace and happiness (etc.)." How is this interpreted?
Question: The sūtra (states): "He is able to kindle the supremely and most brilliantly illuminating torch of the Dharma (*hōkyo*, 法炬) (etc.)." How is the correspondence between the Dharma-referent and the simile (*hō-yu gō*, 法喩合) interpreted?
Question: Do the Four Heavenly Kings (*shi-tennō*, 四天) all together teach the divine spell (*shinju*, 神呪)?
Question: The sūtra (states): "The major and minor marks (*sōkō*, 相好) are like empty space — immeasurable; surpassing a thousand moons, (the Buddha) radiates light (text)." To which of the three bodies (*sanshin*, 三身) does this refer?
Question: The sūtra [Marginal note: (Editor's note) "sūtra" (*kyō*, 經) is likely "commentary" (*sho*, 疏)] clarifies "the standard principles of the True Dharma (*shōhō no kisoku*, 正法軌則)" and cites from the *Yogācārabhūmi* (*Yuga honchi-bun*, 瑜伽本地分): "reverencing the True Dharma (etc.)." Does "reverencing" (*kyōkei*, 恭敬) signify the meaning of "not disparaging" (*fu-kyō no gi*, 不輕義)?
### [Lower Section]
**Saishō Mondōshō, Scroll Six**
**Scroll Six**
**Question:** The sūtra text states: "With one accord (the Buddhas) praised the Dharma-teacher, saying (etc.)." If so, is this Dharma-teacher now (to be understood as) limited to the Dharma-teacher who makes offerings (*kuyō hōshi*, 供養法師), or what?
**It is advanced:** The commentary states: "(The praise) extends to (*tsūzu*, 通) the Dharma-teacher who expounds the Dharma — this is the correct interpretation (etc.)."
Regarding this: based on the commentary master's interpretation, and having read through the sūtra text from beginning to end, (one finds that) when the King of Men (*jinnō*, 人王) makes offerings to this wondrous scripture (*myōten*, 妙典) using various incenses, the cloud of incense reaches the (Buddha-)lands of the sands of the Ganges in the ten directions; within the realm of empty space it transforms into a fragrant canopy (*kōgai*, 香蓋); the various Buddhas observe this auspicious response (*zuiō*, 瑞應), and with one accord praise the Dharma-teacher who makes offerings (*kuyō hōshi*), (saying:) "Well done, well done! You, O great man (*daijōbu*, 大丈夫), are well able to broadly disseminate (*ryūfu*, 流布) such a profoundly deep and subtle wondrous sūtra (etc.)." The sūtra text clearly appears to be limited to the Dharma-teacher who makes offerings (*kuyō hōshi*). Furthermore, the passage praising the future fruit (*tōka*, 当果) is also limited to the Dharma-teacher who makes offerings, and the explanation praising the present causal practice (*gen-in*, 現因) is also (similarly) limited. How then does (the praise) extend to the Dharma-teacher who expounds the Dharma (*nōsetsu hōshi*, 能說法師)? For this reason, (other) masters have definitively judged (the matter) in accordance with the sūtra text. How (should this be understood)?
**Personal view:** The Great Master of Zīzhōu (Huizhao, 慧沼) offers two interpretations, and has judged that the interpretation extending (the praise) to both kinds of Dharma-teachers (*nishū no hōshi*, 二種法師) is superior. In general, the intent of this interpretation is as follows: the auspicious sign (*zuisō*, 瑞相) of the cloud of incense spreading throughout the ten directions is due to the meritorious power (*kurikī*, 功力) of the King of Men's offering of the sūtra; and also, the one who expounds (the Dharma) — by virtue of proclaiming (*senzetsu*, 宣說) the sūtra — brings about the majestic power (*ikiroku*, 威力) of the King of Sūtras (*kyōō*, 経王), causing (it) to pervade the ten directions. Therefore (the praise) is said to extend to both kinds of Dharma-teachers. However, concerning the objection that "the passage explaining the future fruit (*tōka*) is limited to the Dharma-teacher who makes offerings": in the explanation praising the present causal practice (*gen-in*), (the interpretation of) extending (the praise) to the Dharma-teacher who expounds the Dharma is acceptable. As for the passage speaking of the future fruit (*tōka*)...