英語訳
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capacity. Now these volition seeds can also produce their own volition-factor manifestations. That aspect is called conventional designation seeds, not karmic seeds. The capacities of these two aspects must not be confused. Next, regarding the characteristics of untainted seeds: among sentient beings, the five vehicle natures are naturally distinct from each other. Among these, those who can attain the three vehicle paths have, within their internal root consciousness, beginninglessly natural originally existing seeds capable of producing untainted dharmas. Within this nature-lineage there are four different types. First is the determined Mahāyāna nature-lineage. This means naturally having only Buddha-vehicle three-grade seeds. The three grades are: first, lower grade seeds, meaning path of seeing seeds. These are precisely the seeds of the two wisdoms of wondrous observation and equality. Within these two wisdoms there are also respectively fundamental and subsequent wisdom seed aspects. The three wisdom seeds of emptiness of persons, emptiness of dharmas, and single/combined are not the same. Moreover, "wisdom" is the name of one factor among correspondents. In the untainted stage, wisdom is supremely powerful, so it is named after the superior [function]. Speaking according to reality, just within one wondrous observation wisdom there are comprehensively twenty-two dharmas. Namely: untainted sixth mind-king, five each of omnipresent and object-determining [mental factors], and eleven wholesome [mental factors]. In the causal stage there are also untainted investigation and analysis. If these are included, there are twenty-four. Each of these twenty-four dharmas possesses four aspects. Within their object-aspects there are correspondingly five sense-objects and other dharmas. The individual seeds of all such dharmas each exist within one wondrous observation wisdom seed. Speaking in detail, there are thus many seed numbers. That equality wisdom in the causal stage cognizes conditioned dharmas or does not cognize them—interpretations often differ among scholars. If following the meaning of exclusively cognizing all dharmas, the seeds within one wisdom category are like observation wisdom. If following the meaning of only cognizing the eight thusnesses, within this wisdom category there are also fundamental and subsequent [wisdoms]. Those
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corresponding dharmas are also twenty-two. These are as above, but since investigation and analysis definitely should not occur together, those two are excluded. These seeds also exist individually. *[Margin note: The gist of lower grade seeds is thus.]* Next, middle grade seeds—these are cultivation path seeds. They are also seeds of the two wisdom categories of wondrous observation and equality. The detailed purport is as before, but their superiority and inferiority constitute the distinction between two grades. Next, upper grade seeds—these are precisely Buddha-fruit seeds. These are four-wisdom category seeds. Speaking of the four wisdoms according to their true meaning, these are precisely the untainted eight-consciousness aggregates. From corresponding wisdom, wisdom names are established comprehensively. Therefore, when opened up, there are precisely eight wisdoms. First: corresponding with untainted eye-consciousness. Within this are twenty-two dharmas. Up to: corresponding with untainted body-consciousness. Within this are also twenty-two dharmas. Among these twenty-two dharmas now, marking the wisdom mental factor, they are comprehensively called accomplishment-of-activities wisdom. Therefore this wisdom has five individual wisdoms. Sixth: corresponding with untainted sixth [consciousness]. Within this are also twenty-two dharmas. Seventh: untainted seventh corresponding twenty-two dharmas. Eighth: untainted eighth corresponding twenty-two dharmas. Marking the wisdom mental factor names within each, they are sequentially called wondrous observation wisdom, equality nature wisdom, and great perfect mirror wisdom. Now each of these eight consciousness twenty-two dharmas individually possesses the four aspects completely. Within their object-aspects are precisely the embodiments of limitless characteristics, light, pure lands, and other faculties and sense-objects. These are precisely the objects of each subsequent wisdom. That fundamental wisdom has no object-aspects because it takes true-thusness principle as its object-realm. Those pure lands take precisely untainted four sense-objects as essence. Palaces, towers, flower ponds, jeweled trees, long-short, square-round, smooth-rough, coarse-fine and other various forms are conventional characteristics upon these four sense-objects, so they are not discussed separately. Sometimes adding sound makes five sense-objects the essence. Namely, wave sounds, wind
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echoes and such that arise are also that essence. Those characteristics take untainted five faculties and five sense-objects as essence. Among the five faculties there are proper faculties and supporting faculties. Supporting faculties also take four sense-objects as essence, like pure land essence. Proper faculties are precisely untainted pure subtle wonderful form dharmas created by great elements. Those lights etc. are exclusively included in form sense-objects. The individual seeds of such various numerous dharma-essences all exist within these upper grade seeds. *[Margin note: The gist of upper grade seeds is thus.]* Now these three grades of pure wonderful seeds beginninglessly and naturally all exist completely within root consciousness. *[Margin note: The above are the detailed characteristics of seeds possessed by people of bodhisattva nature-lineage.]* Second is determined solitary-realizer nature-lineage. This person also has three grade seeds—namely seeing, cultivation, and beyond-learning path seeds. These are precisely partial seeds of emptiness-of-persons untainted fundamental and subsequent wisdoms within sixth consciousness correspondents. These also accompany twenty-two dharmas etc. Their essence is as above. If compared to Buddha wisdom, they correspond to the partial capacity of emptiness-of-persons untainted within wondrous observation wisdom. Their subsequent wisdom is extremely narrow and inferior. Because they lack extensive cognizing function, they cannot be called omniscient wisdom. Third is determined voice-hearer nature-lineage. The extent of their untainted [realization] generally does not differ from solitary-realizer nature-lineage, but the differences are precisely seven distinctions. Their characteristics are as usual. Fourth is indeterminate nature-lineage. This person possesses complete three-vehicle nature-lineage three grades of untainted seeds each. This can be known by analogy with the above. Among these four types of nature-lineages, the first nature-lineage is called sudden awakening because they directly enter the Mahāyāna without detours. The fourth nature-lineage is called gradual awakening because they first experience other vehicles and gradually enter the great. The middle two nature-lineages are called people of determined two-vehicle nature because they exclusively pursue tranquility and enter remainderless [nirvana]. Besides these, there are also various people who possess both bodhisattva and solitary-realizer natures, possess both bodhisattva and voice-hearer natures, and possess both voice-hearer and solitary-realizer natures.
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The first two are precisely indeterminate nature-lineages because they definitely turn their minds to seek great awakening. The latter one is also determined two-vehicle nature. Though among the two vehicles it is indeterminate nature, compared to the Mahāyāna it is determined two-vehicle nature. These untainted natural seeds, since beginningless time, though existing within the tainted eighth consciousness, have supremely excellent original natures that are utterly bright, wonderful, and wholesome. They are not defiled by the power of afflictions and are not included in the nature of suffering-fruit maturation. They merely depend upon and attach to the eighth root consciousness, ceasing before and arising after, transmitting through transformations. Those without nature-lineage lack these untainted seeds. However, they take supremely wonderful human and divine fruitions as ultimate. Question: Other schools do not accept that the five natures are each distinct. According to our school's position, by what ultimate decisive textual principles is this established? Answer: Among conditioned persons and dharmas there are natural differences. Since the aggregates, sense-fields, elements etc. among dharmas are already naturally distinct, why would distinctions like three vehicles and five natures among persons not be so? If one permits numerous distinctions among dharmas but does not permit various natures among persons, then differing causes for these cannot be obtained. Thus the Saṃdhinirmocana, Laṅkāvatāra, Śrīmālā, Nirvāṇa and other great vehicle scriptures, and the Yogācāra, Prakaraṇa, Alaṃkāra, Buddhabhūmi and other great vehicle treatises clearly establish naturally differing five natures. The teachings on those with and without nature, three vehicles, and determined natures are truly brilliant. Among these, the Saṃdhinirmocana clearly reconciles the one vehicle while establishing five natures. The Nirvāṇa [Sutra] explains universal [Buddha] achievement as "not understanding my intention." The great sage Maitreya, one life away from buddhahood, proclaimed Buddha's intention and further established eight meanings. Asaṅga Bodhisattva and Vasubandhu Bodhisattva, receiving and inheriting from Maitreya, repeatedly opened ten causes. All reconcile the one vehicle and propagate five natures. The transmission of our school's lamp is what everyone knows. If so, both having and lacking natures are what the sages taught. What other reason is there to sometimes permit having nature but not permit lacking nature?