英語訳
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Kanshin Kakumu-shō, Middle Volume
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Naming it "seed" is to fear losing the proximate causation of all dharmas. Since the unconditioned is not produced by conditions, it has no such proximate causal seeds. Since the conditioned is already produced by conditions, it necessarily has this proximate causation. However, when phenomena and principle mutually depend on each other, this is contributory causation, not proximate causation, so the characterized and characterless, production-cessation and permanence, are not the same in each case, having no faults whatsoever. To say that true-thusness is named "seed" is to fear making contributory causation into proximate causation. If one claims that because of the principle of complete mutual identity there are no such difficulties of non-identity, this is to become stuck in the one-sided path of identity and to be deluded about the middle way of neither identity nor separation. If one says "I too am neither identical nor separate," is that gate of non-identity different or not different from my non-identity? If not different, then the previous difficulty returns. If different, then one again falls into partial identity. One should clearly understand: because one does not accept the gate of distinction between phenomena and true principle, one does not discern the detailed aspects within phenomena. Instead, one rejects phenomena and uses true-thusness principle to name "seed." Regarding consciousness-only of untainted seeds, the Vijñāpti-mātra Treatise states: "Although untainted seeds depend and attach to this consciousness, because they are not included in this nature, they are not cognized objects. Though not cognized objects, they are not separate, like true-thusness nature, not violating consciousness-only." The same fundamental commentary states: "Untainted seeds possess only one meaning, namely because they do not separate from consciousness, they are called 'only.'" Therefore, using the meaning of the general gate of non-separation, it is named consciousness-only. Since mind is already the dharma-master and supreme among all, whatever meaning does not separate from this is all called consciousness-only, so there is no violation whatsoever. If one forcibly includes the five-type gates above this, it can be said to belong to consciousness-only of the consciousness-transformation gate. All of this discusses following along because seed types are the same. Therefore Puyang's explanation states: "Though in the causal stage it is not what the seeing [consciousness] cognizes, this is a type of object-aspect, following other object-aspects as belonging to object-
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aspect inclusion." Generally, though our school and other schools seem to engage in debate, there is actually no debate. Why is this? Debate occurs when within one gate or one matter, two meanings emerge like fire and water. If other schools discuss the characteristics and nature of all dharmas not differently from our school, yet still establish universal attainment while not accepting the meaning of five natures' individual distinctions, this could certainly be debated. But now, without detailed discussion of characteristics and nature, without complete establishment within phenomenal aspects, they entirely entrust phenomena to the meaning of perfect interfusion of the principle-nature gate, not accepting the distinctions of determined nature and no-nature. Since what is established are separate gates, what constitutes debate? Also, if within our school's gate of uniform principle-nature meaning, we did not establish one vehicle but established five natures, this too could be debate. But there is no such meaning. In the principle gate, all attain [buddhahood] without distinction of five natures. One should understand: our school [teaches] one vehicle as real, five vehicles as real. Phenomenal aspects are distinct, principle-nature is constant. Those phenomenal aspects, being without fixed characteristics, like illusions, false five nature-types, do not violate the true principle of equal one vehicle. That principle-nature, because the true nature of dependent origination is internally certified individually and is not a common characteristic, does not violate the naturally distinct five natures. Neither identical nor separate, establishing one and accomplishing five—why attach to one's own view limited to one gate and forcibly doubt other schools? Because all gates are complete, the practice of our school does not favor debate. This purport is fully explained in the "Essential Summary of the Middle School." This is because it can harmonize all teachings of one age, having no further false characteristic conceptual elaboration teachings. However, regarding the existence or non-existence of one's own nature-lineage, this is truly difficult to decide. The provisional and ultimate aspects of teachings should not depend on this. This is a separate matter, most worthy of investigation. However, in the fundamental treatise, those entangled by the four secondary afflictions, though having nature-lineage, have their characteristics somewhat hidden. Therefore, even if one has faults of stinginess, jealousy, etc., one should not hastily determine no-nature based on this. This is due to habitual practice over many lives, etc.
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Therefore, regarding the characteristics of the six perfections, even if one possesses one, two, three, etc. characteristics, if one does not lack the fundamental great mind characteristic, one should understand this is precisely bodhisattva nature-lineage. If there is still doubt, must one request the great sage's empowerment? Thus Tripiṭaka Master [Xuanzang], formerly in India, prayed to sacred images and obtained verification. How could this not be to guide and lead the research minds of the final age?
Twelve Links of Dependent Origination
Question: Upon what does the fruition of saṃsāra's flow and turning depend? Answer: Discussing its fundamental source, it arises from ignorance. That is, ordinary minds are extremely unclear, not knowing the principle of cause and effect, not understanding the path of liberation. They cannot even be disgusted with the suffering retribution of the three evil paths, much less the excellent fruits of human and celestial realms. This is precisely the power of discriminating ignorance associated with the sixth consciousness. This is called the ignorance link. Because one abides in the power of such delusion, the good and evil mental activities that arise all become causes of saṃsāric karma. This karma is precisely the volition (cetanā) associated with the sixth consciousness. This mental factor of volition sometimes accompanies good mental factors like faith, creating all good dharmas accordingly in body, speech, and mind activities, and sometimes accompanies afflictions like greed, creating all evil dharmas accordingly in body, speech, and mind activities. These wholesome and unwholesome volitional mental factors of the three karmas each perfume seeds, and all these seeds fall into one's own false-self continuum's fundamental consciousness. This is called the formative activity link. This formative activity link accordingly assists the fundamental consciousness. This is called the suffering-fruit seeds sustained by formative activities. Among those suffering-fruit seeds it assists, there are five types. First, the fundamental consciousness productive seeds—this is called the consciousness link. Second, seeds included in name-form—namely, excluding the fundamental consciousness productive seeds and the six-sense-base, contact, and feeling seeds, the remaining karmic ripening morally neutral
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seeds—this constitutes the name-form link. Third, the eye and other six sense-base seeds—this is called the six sense-bases link. Among these, the mental sense-base is not the manas, but takes only the karmic ripening immediately preceding mind. Fourth, karmic ripening contact mental factor seeds—this is called the contact link. Fifth, karmic ripening feeling mental factor seeds—this is called the feeling link. These consciousness and other five-link seeds, generally speaking, are precisely seeds capable of producing future suffering-fruit dependent and independent [retribution]. However, karmic ripening dharmas are weak in nature and cannot independently produce their own fruition manifestation. They necessarily await assistance from other powerful dharmas. Therefore, following the assisting power of those good and evil karmas, they either produce good fruits or produce evil fruits. Though good and evil differ, all are morally neutral in nature. However, these formative activities and other six-link seeds necessarily receive moistening conditions before producing manifestation. Just as external seeds, though existing in the ground, receive rain and dew moisture before producing sprouts and stems, internal dharma seeds are also like this. Those moistening conditions are precisely the various afflictions. When a person generates afflictions, they necessarily moisten future suffering-fruit seeds. Though all afflictions have this power, greed is fundamental. Craving is like water, having especially strong power for moistening and producing. Therefore, when facing death, reaching the stage of subtle ideation manifestation, innate low-grade subtle craving naturally arises, clinging to one's own substance and objects, etc. At that time, precisely those formative activities and other six-link seeds are properly moistened, though not yet to the extreme. This low-grade greed is called the craving link. Through such clinging continuing repeatedly, eventually high-grade innate greed, etc. arises. At that time, precisely those six-link seeds' moistening conditions are completely present, and their fruit-producing capacity is all determined. This high-grade craving and other delusions are called the grasping link. This craving and grasping that properly moisten are precisely sixth consciousness associated innate afflictions. These moistened formative activities and other six links are collectively called existence.