英語訳
【Right Page】
【Top right margin】
338
【Upper right margin horizontal】
Kanshin Kakumu-shō, Middle Volume
【Lower right margin horizontal】
Twenty-six
【Two-column format】
【Upper section】
link. Now this existence link, reaching the first moment of conception in the womb, properly produces the suffering-fruit dependent and independent retribution. When that suffering-fruit retribution with root-body etc. has not yet declined and changed, it is collectively called the birth link. After decline and change until the moment of death is collectively called the old-age-death link. <<Marginal note: The proper link's proper retribution includes dependent retribution by category.>> In this one lifetime, ignorance also arises. Ignorance produces karma, and eventually arises craving, moistening suffering seeds. This is identical to the previous sequence without any difference. Thus revolving endlessly from beginningless time until now. Therefore the stream of birth and death has ignorance as its source. That ignorance is precisely produced by ignorance seeds. Those seeds are precisely what was perfumed by past manifestations of ignorance. Those perfumed seeds exist in the fundamental consciousness, producing their own kind without interruption. Thus ignorance arises. Because ignorance arises thus, transmigration continues thus without end. The fundamental consciousness that sustains [these seeds] also arises from its own seeds. Those fundamental consciousness seeds also exist in the fundamental consciousness. These are precisely the substantial-aspect seeds perfumed by the object-aspects transformed by the sixth and seventh consciousnesses. Those sixth and seventh consciousnesses also arise from sixth and seventh consciousness seeds. Those seeds are precisely what the sixth and seventh consciousnesses themselves perfume. After perfuming, they also exist in their own fundamental consciousness. Thus all seeds exist in the eighth consciousness, producing their own kind. Like a torrential stream continuing without end. From beginningless time, seeds produce manifestation, manifestation perfumes seeds. Because seeds produce seeds, birth-death transmigration is endless. One should understand: the wheel of birth and death is created only by one's own mind. Question: Is this present ignorance precisely the ignorance-ground explained in the sutras? Answer: No. Regarding ignorance, there are affliction and cognitive hindrances. Generally ten afflictions and twenty secondary afflictions are each like this. Therefore one should say: cognitive hindrances are the subtle portions at the base of each affliction
【Lower section】
among all afflictions. Therefore one should also say: the coarse and strong portions above cognitive hindrances are called afflictions. Afflictions delude function and disturb sentient beings, causing them to grasp birth and death, hence called affliction hindrances. Cognitive [hindrances] delude essence and obscure knowable objects, preventing attainment of bodhi, hence called cognitive hindrances. Those affliction hindrances have the function of producing karma and moistening birth. The afflictions that properly produce karma are precisely discriminating afflictions. Afflictions that assist in producing karma also include innate ones. The afflictions that properly moisten birth are precisely innate afflictions. Afflictions that assist in moistening birth also include discriminating ones. Among karma-producing afflictions, ignorance is most powerful. However, karma-producing dharmas have no meaning of repeated production. Therefore one ignorance link is established. Among birth-moistening afflictions, craving is most powerful. However, birth-moistening dharmas repeatedly irrigate and water. Therefore the two links of craving and grasping are established. Those cognitive hindrances lack this function of producing karma and moistening birth. They only conceal and obscure knowable realms, preventing the arising of buddha-bodhi wisdom. The ignorance-ground explained in sutras is cognitive hindrance. Therefore it is not the present ignorance link. Question: If all afflictions contain cognitive hindrances, they could also be called greed, hatred, pride, etc. Why do the sutras particularly establish the name "ignorance-ground"? Answer: Because ignorance increases among cognitive hindrances, they are collectively called ignorance. In reality, it's not that greed, hatred, pride, etc. are absent. The gates of distinguishing others above and below here only block the attachments and wrong speech of beginning students, and do not destroy the wonderful principles of those true dharmas. Those are all profound and essential. How could one not have faith and practice? When encountering rarely met dharmas, if one has deluded attachment-mind, one cannot reveal the true principles of one's own school, and also greatly slanders and destroys the doctrinal principles of other schools. Due to this, one necessarily enters the great hell and cannot escape for many hundreds of thousands of kalpas. This is only what attachment-mind brings about. If there is mutual harmony, the wisdom-eyes of all buddhas naturally pervade everywhere with appropriate benefits, which should be inexhaustible. If there is mutual destruction, immea-
【Left Page】
【Top left margin】
339
【Upper left margin horizontal】
Kanshin Kakumu-shō, Middle Volume
【Lower left margin horizontal】
Twenty-seven
【Two-column format】
【Upper section】
surable dharma treasures are simultaneously ground away. All sentient beings suffer great sufferings. Is this the only matter of the great sage's grief? Merely wanting to block that attachment seems like blocking that dharma. Wanting to establish that dharma is still like establishing that attachment. If one doesn't block each other, then who will admonish that attachment? Advancing and retreating in a dilemma—what should be done about this? I earnestly hope that wise ones, hearing others' refutations, will necessarily reflect on their own attachments; gaining their own positions, they should first seek harmony with others. Pure and uniform, the same as the true dharma of old.
Three Natures
Question: Regarding the so-called hundred dharmas, how are they categorized within the three natures of imagined construction, etc.? Answer: Discussing the general framework, the previous ninety-four dharmas are other-dependent nature, and the latter six unconditioned dharmas are perfectly accomplished nature. Speaking in detail, among the six unconditioned, there are distinctions between consciousness-transformation and thusness-dependence. The detailed meaning is as before. Regarding these hundred dharmas of dependent and perfect natures, some erroneously attach to existence, some erroneously attach to emptiness. The characteristics of partial existence and partial emptiness manifested by such attachments are precisely called imagined construction. The two selflessnesses remove and eliminate these. Question: Why is it called "imagined construction"? Up to: Why is it called "perfectly accomplished"? Answer: Because it is what deluded emotion universally constructs and grasps, it is called imagined constructed nature. Therefore "universal construction" is the name for the able-grasper. "What is grasped" is the name for false objects. Able-deluding false emotions universally measure and calculate, hence called universal construction. The conditioned false objects are what they grasp and cling to, hence called "what is grasped." Other-dependent arises depending on other numerous conditions, hence its name. Perfectly accomplished means the true nature of all dharmas is perfectly accomplished, hence its name. Question: Among these three natures, how many are nonexistent, how many existent? How many false, how many real? Answer:
【Lower section】
Imagined construction's essential nature is completely nonexistent. It is merely deluded emotion calculating it as existent, hence called dharmas that exist emotionally but not in principle. Other-dependent nature is falsely existent like illusions. Accomplished by numerous conditions, its essence is not empty. Perfectly accomplished is truly real and constant, its nature immutable. Neither false nor nonexistent. These two natures are realms of noble wisdom, not objects of deluded emotion, hence called dharmas that exist in principle but not emotionally. Question: Imagined construction's essential nature is completely nonexistent. By what does the ordinary person's deluded mind arise as condition? Answer: Using the characteristics of other-dependence manifesting in the mind as conditioning-condition. Regarding this other-dependence, one mistakenly claims it really exists or claims it's completely nonexistent. Therefore characteristics of augmentation and diminution appear external to mind. Here deluded emotion is the able-universal-constructor, the appearing objects in mind are what is universally constructed, and the characteristics appearing to emotion are called imagined constructed nature. Question: Is perfectly accomplished nature not what is universally constructed? Answer: Because the real is not the conditioned object of false attachment. Though not the directly deluded universally constructed object, because it is the true nature of other-dependence, speaking according to indirect [relationship], it is also universally constructed. Question: Are these three natures one essence or different essences? Answer: The Vijñāpti-mātra Treatise states: "One should say neither. Because there is no separate essence. Because false attachment, dependent origination, and true meaning are distinct." Therefore these three types are neither identical nor separate. Because there is no separate essence, they are called non-separate. Because falseness etc. are distinct, they are called non-identical. Question: Though I have heard the general outline, it is still not detailed and clear. Can you point to one matter to clarify their characteristics? Answer: Just observe one grass blade. Its color is green. This green color is definitely not naturally existing. It is produced by the two conditions of causation and contributory causation. Causation means the seeds held by the ālaya-consciousness. Contributory conditions are various indirect conditions like wind, rain, earth, etc. When such numerous direct and indirect causes and conditions combine harmoniously, they produce