英語訳
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Various Vehicles Chapter
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Twenty
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Therefore, if the extinction-bound seed-nature ultimately never matures, how can one say "not yet"? The chapter master's interpretation says that "not yet" means "not." Though extinction-bound people are not ignorant regarding the dharma, because their faith-root has not matured, Buddha does not grant prophecy. Because he does not clearly prophesy becoming Buddha in future lives, bodhisattvas grant prophecy - this is implicit prophecy. Because they have inherent nature, through expedients they are made to generate faith in the Great Vehicle. How can that matter be considered one vehicle benefit? Therefore we know it properly addresses two types of people.
The text "In explaining the two vehicles... because they are all two categories" - Question: The pratyekabuddha teachings within the two repositories are comprehensively called the śrāvaka repository. Within the two vehicles, why doesn't the pratyekabuddha vehicle comprehensively take the name śrāvaka vehicle? To address this difficulty, examples are cited. Counting these, there are altogether four meanings. This is the first meaning. Pratyekabuddhas mostly do not rely on teachings. Though they explain dependent origination, etc., they are comprehensively included and gathered into the śrāvaka repository. However, when accomplishing practice, the two vehicles have distinct names. First, there is the difference between relying and not relying on teachings; second, there is the difference in sharp and dull spiritual capacity. Therefore the pratyekabuddha vehicle cannot comprehensively take the name śrāvaka vehicle. We simply call the two vehicles collectively "Lesser Vehicle" and also comprehensively call them "lower vehicles." Like among the faculties and powers, the lower ones - when contrasted with the upper - are all called "lower roots." It is also thus here. Because they are contrasted with the superior vehicle, they are all called "lower vehicles." Because both spiritual capacity and teaching are lower, in contrast to the superior vehicle they are collectively called "lower vehicles." Therefore it says "with capacity and with teaching, both are two categories."
The text "Also śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas... therefore called śrāvakas" - This is the second meaning. The previous śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas, whose capacity and teachings are equally lower, are combined as one category and called "lower vehicle." The meaning of this text now is that initial and final śrāvakas
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are all equally the same - according to this aspect of meaning, they are combined as lower vehicle. Regarding those of indeterminate nature "using Buddha-path sound to make all hear," etc. - after turning their minds, using the sound of the Buddha-path to make all hear, this is called "śrāvaka." That is then the superior vehicle, not the lower vehicle.
The text "Also those pratyekabuddhas... therefore not separately explained" - This is the third meaning. Though śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas have slight differences in spiritual roots and practice, they equally study the teachings of emptiness of persons and achieve ultimate fruition. Therefore it says "no many separate teachings." Because of this similarity, they are called "lower vehicle" and "śrāvaka vehicle." Like in the two repositories, pratyekabuddhas are similar and called "śrāvaka repository." Therefore they are combined as one vehicle and not separately explained.
The text "Also called great and small... because their types are the same" - This is the fourth meaning. Because śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas are equally small-capacity types, in contrast to bodhisattvas they are collectively called "Lesser Vehicle" because their types are the same.
The text "For what reason among the three... therefore also not explained" - This concerns the three vehicles of transcending the world. It questions the meaning of opening and combining. "Three transcending the world" means: first, bodhisattva vehicle; second, pratyekabuddha vehicle; third, śrāvaka vehicle. This combines determinate and indeterminate to make three vehicles. Now questioning the reason, it says "for what cause." Regarding "within indeterminate nature, some possess two, some possess three," etc. - this is the answer. Though indeterminate nature possesses two or possesses three, these are seed-nature distinctions. However, ultimate fruition does not exceed these three. Using the general to follow the particular, three vehicles are comprehensively established. Within these three vehicles, each has single-seed single-nature, three-seed two-nature, and single-seed three-nature. Because the categories of determinate and indeterminate nature are distinct, later generating intention and achieving fruition is indeterminate. What is now called "possessing two" refers to three-seed two-nature. "Possessing three" refers to single-seed three-nature.
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Various Vehicles Chapter
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The human and divine vehicles are worldly vehicles, and because they are not ultimate conveyance, separate vehicles are not established within the transcendent world. Question: Why do transcendent vehicles have both determinate and indeterminate, while within worldly vehicles there are no two categories? Answer: If there were fixed nature within the worldly realm, humans should always be human and could not become divine, etc. Divine beings should always be divine and could not become human, etc. However, within the worldly realm, there are no such categories. Therefore there is no fixed nature in the worldly realm.
The text "Within the four of Śrīmālā... because equally shallow and near" - The meaning of this sutra is to use the general to follow the particular, not explaining the indeterminate. Because ultimately they are also only gathered into three vehicles, both existence and non-existence are manifested. Therefore natureless is established. Humans, divine beings, and the two vehicles are all categories of the natureless, and because they are equally shallow and near, they are combined to establish one nature.
The text "In the Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra... because they achieve nirvāṇa" - The meaning of this sutra relies on existence rather than non-existence, and also because it is not ultimate conveyance, it does not explain the natureless. Opening the indeterminate is because hearing the sutra's excellent virtues, the expedients they cultivate differ, and their seed-natures' general and particular categories also differ. Only taking the fundamental as three vehicles, because bodhisattva expedients differ, they constitute the fourth.
The text "Why does the Laṅkāvatāra... because shallow and near categories" - The meaning of the two sutras is that general and particular categories differ, and seed-natures have differences, therefore opening the indeterminate beyond the three vehicles as one vehicle essence. Having no separate human and divine vehicles is because they are equally contaminated dharmas with equal roots and seeds, therefore combined as one vehicle.
The text "Other places again explain... because not exceeding three" - The previous second section says: "Also one type of five vehicles." Using the general to follow the particular, combining indeterminate nature, because destinations differ, opening human and divine
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as two. The vehicle essences have no difference - this points to the same meaning as this text.
The text "Not opening those with nature... principle also has no violation" - Various sutras and treatises like the Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra and Yogācāra treatises only explain five seed-natures, not explaining six natures. Following the various teachings, they only explain five vehicles. If receiving fruition has differences and destination categories have distinctions, then what is explained is also six. Therefore it says "if six were established, principle would also have no violation."
The text "However, there is no textual proof... because categories are no more" - Though there are general texts, there is no separate listing of names like seven vehicles, etc. Therefore it says "no textual proof." What is called "general text" refers to the Avataṃsaka Sūtra Dharmadhātu chapter saying: "There are some worlds that hear explanations of one vehicle sound, or two, three, four, five, up to countless vehicles. Only wisdom and practice differ; liberation has no distinctions, just like the nature of space having no various characteristics." Now saying "not explaining seven, etc." means there is no separate listing of names like seven vehicles, etc. Therefore it says "not explaining seven, etc." If gathered by categories, they do not exceed five vehicles. Therefore it says "because categories are no more."
The text "Fifth question and answer... not returning to Buddha" - Revealing the question's intent: Examining the texts of the two sutras, there is no single sentient being who does not arrive at Buddha's ultimate fruition. Based on what can there be distinctions of five vehicles? Then explaining one vehicle teaching - how can this exhaust principle? Generally questioning this intent, it therefore says "herein one vehicle principle should be only one, without remainder of two, three, etc."
The text "Answering with Mahāyāna-saṃgraha... no two, three, etc." - Revealing the answer's intent: Speaking according to reality,