英語訳
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Twenty-two
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Various Vehicles Chapter
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Twenty-two
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The five vehicles are each different. In order to guide one category of people, the one vehicle is taught. This does not mean there is only one vehicle without two, three, etc. However, teaching one and teaching two, etc., both have meanings of expedient means and ultimate reality.
Within teaching one, if two, etc. are concealed and only one is taught, this is expedient teaching, like the latter eight meanings among the ten causes. If two is not concealed while teaching one, this is ultimate reality teaching, like the first two meanings among the ten causes. Therefore the Mahāyāna-saṃgraha states: "The first two causal verses are taught with ultimate meaning; the latter eight causal verses are taught with esoteric meaning." The reason for this is that the first two discriminate spiritual capacity and do not conceal the two. The latter eight do not discriminate and extend to others. The first two discriminating capacity as ultimate teaching means: the spiritual capacity that is guided and the fruition it reaches is only the one Buddha vehicle, with no other two or three. Through this, the words teaching one vehicle are as they are taught, with no confusion in meaning. Therefore it says "the first two discriminate capacity as ultimate teaching." Teaching the teachings of two, etc., should also be known to be thus. Teaching one and teaching the teachings of two, etc., since there are already two paths, if one becomes attached to one side, all do not accord with principle. To reveal this meaning, it says "it is not that vehicles are only one without two, three, etc."
The Lotus Commentary states "授記するのは、他の二種ではない至る" (granting prophecy is not for the other two types). From here below, texts are cited to prove the above meaning. According to the Lotus Commentary, since Buddha does not grant prophecy to extinction-bound people, it is clearly known that it is not that vehicles are only one without two, three, etc. However, examining the commentary text, it says "determined śrāvakas," not "extinction-bound." To show that "determined" is another name for extinction-bound, one name is cited. The Compilation states: "The extinction-bound śrāvakas explained in the Yogācāra and the determined śrāvakas in the Lotus Commentary are completely different in nature."
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The reason for this is that there are two types of determination. First is ultimate determination - originally having only śrāvaka nature, and because it is śrāvaka nature, there is eternally no meaning of transcending to the Great Vehicle. This is what Yogācāra calls extinction-bound. Second is temporary determination - because within one teaching the spiritual capacity is immature, they cannot turn around, so they are called determined. This does not mean they ultimately will not turn around in later times. This is what the Lotus Commentary calls determined. Because the commentary explains that they generate great intention in later times, one should know that the meanings of extinction-bound and determined in the two commentaries are each distinct. Present interpretation disagrees. Since the commentary text already states "to transform those with retreating minds and emanation bodies, the World-Honored One grants prophecy, not to the other two types," the text is already clear. How can one arbitrarily determine this? Therefore both extinction-bound and determined are two vehicles without Buddha-nature.
"Emanation śrāvakas... this is it" - From here below explains that Buddha grants prophecy for the sake of emanation bodies and those with retreating minds. "What the sutra explains" refers to the text from the General Chapter of the tenth fascicle of the Laṅkāvatāra. The Compilation states: "The 'intoxicated samādhi' explained in Laṅkāvatāra is the same as the 'determined' explained in the Lotus Commentary. Because they cannot turn around from Buddha's one teaching, they head toward the thought of extinction, dwelling in cessation samādhi. Though not yet able to attain transformational birth and death, because they are sustained by the power of samādhi, their dependent bodies dwell in nirvāṇa for many eons. The explained 'stream-enterer reaching [Buddhahood] in eighty thousand eons' etc. should also be the same as these." This is incorrect. Regarding the intoxicated samādhi explained in Laṅkāvatāra, broadly observing the sutra text, it seems to explain actual bodies. However, examining that sutra, the Transformation Chapter of the eighth fascicle states: "Mahāmati, in this world and in other Buddha-lands there are various sentient beings who practice bodhisattva practices yet also delight in śrāvaka dharma practices."
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Twenty-three
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Various Vehicles Chapter
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To transform them to attain great awakening, emanation Buddhas grant prophecy to emanation śrāvakas. It is not reward-body Buddhas or dharma-body Buddhas who grant prophecy. Since it already states that emanation Buddhas grant prophecy to emanation śrāvakas, it is clearly known that those in intoxicated samādhi encompass both transformation and actual [bodies]. The present chapter master's intention, initially using the meaning of encompassing transformation, cites sutra texts and therefore does not contradict the sutra. Therefore "explaining one vehicle for emanation bodies" etc. below is the chapter master's text.
"Śāriputra etc... to five various seed-natures" - "Previously generated great intention" etc. means that at the place of twenty thousand million Buddhas in the past, they were made good friends and constantly taught the Great Vehicle. Śāriputra at that time also accordingly received teachings, therefore previously generated great intention. Examining the Upāsaka Precepts Sutra: "Śāriputra once for sixty eons practiced the bodhisattva path. There was a Brahmin who begged for his eye from him. Śāriputra gave it to him. After he obtained it and observed it, he threw it on the ground, trampled it with both feet, cursed and departed. Śāriputra regretted and resented, finally retreating from great intention." This explains that time, therefore due to giving the eye, he retreated to seek small fruition. Question: As the Sutra of Original Karma states: "Before the seventh stage is called the retreating portion. If they do not encounter good friends, in one eon up to ten eons, they retreat from bodhisattva intention. Like Pure-Eye Deva, Dharma-Talent King, Śāriputra, etc., wanting to enter the seventh stage, therein encountering evil friend conditions, they retreat into ordinary being unwholesome evil." Among these two types of explained Śāriputra, there are provisional and actual. The interpretation has two explanations. First: The Śāriputra explained in the two sutras is all actual, not provisional. However, the Original Karma stating "falling into unwholesome evil" clarifies the characteristic of retreat, not actual reality. Second: The Śāriputra in the Upāsaka Sutra is the same as the retreating bodhisattva mind in the Lotus Commentary. Since he already obtains prophecy, therefore it is actual. The Śāriputra explained in the Original Karma Sutra, since it states "retreating into unwholesome evil," therefore we know this is provisional. The category of Śāriputra etc. is not only one.
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"Also Nirvāṇa states... as explained in this" - The meaning of this text reveals that explaining one vehicle is not all ultimate meaning. Master Yuan states: "One vehicle means riding practice is one. One path means path dharma is one. One practice is the vehicle. One condition is the body of path dharma. Because dharma is the condition of practice, it is called having conditions. According to using the great to encompass the small, because it is only one, all should become Buddha. The ignorant hear but do not understand and then say they will definitely become Buddha. The Tathāgata later explains that stream-enterers etc. attain small nirvāṇa. Ignorant people do not understand and then say the two vehicles definitely do not become Buddha. Regarding becoming and not becoming, one should not be partial in attachment, because sentient being natures have distinctions." Master Bao states: "Below this reconciles the dispute between one vehicle and three vehicles. One vehicle is esoteric-intention one vehicle. One path is as explained in the Saṃdhinirmocana - the three vehicles equally depend on three non-natures having one path, etc. One practice and one condition are the same as the non-discriminating practice characteristics and non-discriminating characteristics in the Prakaraṇa. This follows the Lotus and Nirvāṇa. Because there was dispute in previous sutras, therefore this maintains the three while explaining the one. At different times it explains the same. It is not wanting to clarify that the three vehicles all attain Buddhahood. Like insects eating wood without understanding characters - though the same as later teachings, because it is not the intention of previous sutras, it becomes dispute." The present chapter master's intention is that the one vehicle explained in various sutras before and after is not wanting to clarify that the three vehicles all attain Buddhahood. Through the ten intentions, comprehensively