英語訳
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Twenty-six
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Various Vehicles Chapter
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Twenty-six
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This encompasses the meaning of what is near and correct. That is, now explaining that there are one vehicle fruits, etc. Saying "ultimate reality" is in relation to unfixed faculties, calling it true in reference to them. It does not mean that having no two at all and only one is called true.
"Therefore the Lotus states... because it does not say three" - "Secretly sending two people, etc." means there is actually no substance of two. Explaining that there is teaching of two vehicles, therefore it says "secretly sending." Expedient teaching only transforms two vehicles, therefore it says "two people." "Dim-eyed" means vision is not correct. The *Shuowen* [dictionary] says it means lacking one eye. When the eye socket is sunken and constricted, it is called dim. Dim means small. For two vehicles, the teaching of the established truth is explained, but since the ability to explain and reveal meaning is not complete, it is called "dim-eyed." Because the principle of personal emptiness that is explained is short, it is called "stunted." Because there are no dharma-body merits and it is ugly, it is called "crude." "Resting place" refers to nirvana with remainder. That is, it is the place where two vehicle people rest from suffering, therefore called "resting place." Therefore explaining that two is the conjured city.
"If speaking of indirect gathering... therefore what is appropriate to hear" - This breaks the defensive argument. "Sutras and treatises' one vehicle is actually for the unfixed, etc." - The *Ornament [Treatise]*, *Compendium [Treatise]*, *Disclosure [Treatise]*, etc., all explain one vehicle. And the one vehicle explained in the Lotus Sutra - these one vehicles are all for supporting unfixed śrāvakas and dull-rooted bodhisattvas. How could it necessarily be only through sharp-rooted direct progress? Because it is difficult to determine like this, it says "sutras and treatises' one vehicle is actually for the unfixed." Saying "what difference is there between the two practices and stages" means indirect gathering and direct progress are stages of causal practice, and since these two causal practices already have no distinction, therefore we know Great Vehicle and one vehicle also have no distinction.
"There are those who explain clinging to Buddha... the three are not so" - This breaks the doctrine of masters who cling to Buddha and explain one
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vehicle. "Thirty-four moments" means cutting off the nine grades of afflictions of the neither-perception-nor-non-perception realm and about to generate nine uninterrupted and nine liberation paths. This is eighteen moments. Adding the sixteen minds of the path of seeing makes thirty-four moments. Passing through these moments achieves the bodhi stage. Who generates this clinging? Like the Sarvāstivādins who cling to Buddha's transformation body as the true body, now explaining it as transformation, therefore breaking the clinging to three.
"This is after Buddha's passing... therefore only breaking two" - This is the refutation. "After Buddha's passing, the distorted views of small vehicle, etc." - This is the distorted views of Sarvāstivādins and other small vehicle [schools] at the end of two hundred years after Buddha's passing. How could it be that during Buddha's lifetime, due to making this Buddha-clinging, one explains one vehicle to break their substantial clinging? The *Profound Commentary* breaks [this view] saying: The Lotus only takes the one vehicle that one has cultivated and attained as its thesis, gathering and breaking their vehicles to make them enter one. It does not take the knowable one body as thesis, gathering and breaking that body to make them enter one body. Also, there is no clinging to that transformation body as ultimate, seeking to reach it and no longer seeking other bodies. Now breaking their clinging makes them seek one body, therefore only breaking clinging to two vehicles as ultimate, not breaking clinging to those two bodies as ultimate. If breaking completely, that principle would be reasonable. Now it only breaks briefly. Question: "If so, during Buddha's lifetime, was there no clinging to the Buddha under the tree as ultimate reality? If there was, what fault is there in breaking this and saying 'no three'?" Explanation: This breaks their clinging, not separately redirecting practice. Because there is no generating great practice based on the Buddha vehicle explained in the initial teaching.
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Twenty-seven
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Various Vehicles Chapter
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Twenty-seven
【Upper Section】
Question: "Why establish... vehicles and three vehicles the same" - The meaning of this question is: tentatively taking the extremely small and extremely many in contrast and comparison. If comparing completely, in vehicles there are already established one, three, four, etc. Why are the repositories not so, only establishing two, three, six, etc. repositories? Also, in repositories there are already established two, three, six, etc., why in vehicles is it not so, only establishing one, three, four, five, etc.?
Answer: "Vehicles are conveyance... therefore the reasons are not the same" - "Clarifying vehicles in terms of faculties and practices, etc." - The *Compilation* revises saying: Vehicle means the meaning of conveying and carrying. Using practice in relation to fruit to clarify differences is incorrect. Generally the meaning of conveying and carrying, based on causal practice, explains fruit. Without this meaning, why call it vehicle? Therefore the previous section says "If it is conveying meaning, then that fruit is not [vehicle]." The present chapter master's intention, due to this principle, only speaks of "faculties and practices," not raising that fruit. The meaning is already most excellent - why carelessly change the text? If saying "the previous section only bases itself on human and heavenly fruits as non-[vehicle]," this principle is also incorrect. Human and heavenly lineages are also called vehicles - how could their fruition also be called vehicle? If so, why does the previous [section] say "If conveying meaning, that fruit is not [vehicle]"? Therefore we know the original text considers [this] most excellent.
"What the sutras explain... yet the text is not seen" - "The two and three repositories, etc. explained in sutras" - the sutra texts of two repositories are not yet clear. However, based on half and complete [teachings], two repositories are distinguished. The *Nirvana Sutra* explains half and complete words. That is, pointing to that text to make two repositories. However, the numbers and names of repositories and vehicles, their opening and combining are not uniform. Sometimes repository and vehicle names and numbers each differ, like one vehicle three repositories, etc.
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Sometimes repository and vehicle names and numbers are uniformly the same, like two vehicles two repositories, etc. Sometimes repository and vehicle numbers are the same but names different, like three vehicles three repositories. The three repositories are the three of sūtra, vinaya, and abhidharma. Sometimes repository and vehicle names are the same but numbers different, like two repositories three vehicles, etc. Two repositories means śrāvaka and bodhisattva two repositories. In general, there are cases where they can be made the same without violating principle. Repository-vehicle correlation can also be made the same. As the Repository Chapter says: "Sometimes based on the gate of abandoning wrong and returning to correct, only one repository is explained - namely the correct dharma teaching repository. Sometimes two up to eighty-four thousand are explained." This repository is also thus - what is established follows appropriateness and should not be criticized. Now following that intention, therefore it says "not yet violating principle."
"Also according to bodhisattvas... should not uniformly criticize" - This cites examples to clarify that sameness and difference are unfixed. Ten evils are the obstacles treated by the ten perfections. Four wheels are what can treat. Eight difficulties are what is treated. Hell, animals, hungry ghosts, northern continent, long-lived gods, worldly intelligence and eloquence, incomplete faculties, before and after Buddha - these are the eight difficulties. "Four wheels" means: first, dwelling peacefully in good places - namely being born in the central land. Because it is where sagehood transforms, it is called a good place. Second, relying on good friends - namely being born in Buddha's time. Third, personally generating correct vows - namely right view. Fourth, previously planting good roots - namely maintaining precepts. Because precepts are the foundation of all good, they are called good roots. "Wheel" is a metaphor. Like a sage king's wheel has nothing among various enemies that cannot be crushed, these four dharmas can also crush the eight difficulties, therefore the metaphor is taken. Among the four wheels, the wheel of dwelling peacefully in good places can treat five difficulties - namely the three evil destinies, northern continent, and long life. The latter three wheels each treat one difficulty - namely relying on