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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Two Truths Chapter
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pratyekabuddha-bodhi. Through superior wisdom observation, one attains unsurpassed bodhi." Explanation: That text first clarifies the three distinct meanings of the three vehicles in mutual comparison. Now the lesser two vehicles, compared to ordinary beings, constitute medium-grade wisdom. Since what is compared differs, there is no contradiction.
Regarding "Two of the śrāvaka vehicle... because of realizing suchness": "Śrāvakas mostly practice three-meaning observation" means that pāramitā śrāvakas do not only practice three-meaning observation but also concurrently practice causal observation, etc. Therefore called "mostly." *Abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā* Volume 108 says: "As explained regarding seven-place excellence and three-meaning observation, one can quickly exhaust all contaminations within this Dharma-Vinaya." Explanation: Three-meaning observation means sequentially observing aggregates, sense-fields, and elements. Seven-place excellence means observing the suffering of form, the origination of form, the cessation of form, the path of form, the gratification of form, the danger of form, and the escape from form. The first four types observe the four truths of form. "Form's gratification" means repeatedly observing form's origination. "Form's danger" means repeatedly observing form's suffering. "Form's escape" means repeatedly observing form's cessation truth. Observing origination first follows the explanatory sequence. Not mentioning path is because most capable observations are path. The same applies to sensation, perception, formations, and consciousness, each having seven. Should say thirty-five, but not exceeding seven, so only called "seven-place excellence." Question: Among the three vehicles, which vehicle observes three-meanings and seven-places? Explanation: Śrāvakas practice both three-meanings and seven-places. Buddha and pratyekabuddhas do not practice them. Question: In which stage does one generate this observation? Explanation: In the preparatory stage after mixed-condition dharma-mindfulness and before general mindfulness, one generates these two types. As explained in *Nyāyānusāra* 61. Question: Are three-meaning observation and seven-place excellence contaminated or uncontaminated? Question: If so, why does it say
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"Truly knowing form involves four wisdoms: namely dharma-wisdom, subsequent wisdom, and conventional suffering wisdom, etc." Since it already speaks of conventional wisdom, how can seven-place excellence be solely uncontaminated? Explanation: Though this conventional wisdom may also be included, it does not manifest. Therefore explained as uncontaminated. Regarding the mutual questioning and various categorical analyses of these two observations, see *Abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā* Volume 108, *Nyāyānusāra* Volume 61, Master Guang's *Abhidharmakośa Commentary*, etc.
Regarding "First mundane... explained regarding realms": "The second and third conventional truths are mostly explained regarding śrāvaka realms" means the three categories and four truths are mostly śrāvaka realms. If explained regarding pratyekabuddha realms, the second and third conventional would be: twelve limbs of dependent origination as the second conventional, seventy-seven wisdoms, etc. as the third conventional. If explained regarding bodhisattva realms, the second and third truths would be: ten skillful means, etc. as the second conventional, consciousness-only principles, etc. as the third conventional. However, in various treatises, they mostly explain regarding śrāvaka realms. Therefore only mention three categories and four truths as the second and third truths.
Regarding "Two of pratyekabuddha vehicle... because this is their object": "Superior and inferior faculties" means comparing the two vehicles: pratyekabuddha is superior, śrāvaka inferior. If compared to bodhisattvas, both are inferior grade. Because superior vehicles have distinctions. "Because not grasping dharmas, etc. does not obstruct fruition" - from this text we know the four levels of the two vehicles do not completely encompass dharmas. The reason is: discriminated real self belongs to the first level. Which level does discriminated real dharma belong to? "In the second reasonable conventional truth, twelve limbs of dependent origination" means beginning from ignorance and ending with old age-death - these constitute twelve. "Existence" means three realms of existence. "Limbs" means causal meaning and component meaning. Twelve
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Two Truths Chapter
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dharmas serve as causes for three realms of existence, thus called "twelve limbs of dependent origination." Also, anterior limbs create conditional causes for posterior limbs, thus the causal meaning. The twelve dharmas are separately distinct, thus the component meaning. Among the twelve limbs, ignorance takes only present and seed ignorance in the formation aggregate as its essence, not taking other dharmas. The second formation limb refers to the three karmas of merit, etc., also encompassing present and seed. The third consciousness limb takes only ālaya-vijñāna's proximate cause as essence. Being the master of karmic results, this is only seeds, not taking manifest activity. *Mahāśāstra* Volume 9 saying "six consciousnesses constitute consciousness limb" follows the accommodating theoretical approach. The fourth name-form limb has contaminated five aggregates as essence, encompassing both ripened and non-ripened. The fifth and sixth sense-field limbs are only morally neutral internal six sense-fields. This takes only their ripened seeds. The sixth contact limb excludes the seventh consciousness, taking the entirety of contact associated with the remaining eighth. If discussing stages, the contact factors occurring after the six sense-field stage constitute this essence. The seventh sensation limb has the same essence as the previous contact, existing only in the seed stage. The eighth craving limb refers to craving for the three realms, also encompassing present and seed. The ninth grasping limb encompasses all afflictions, also encompassing present and seed. The tenth existence limb takes the previous formations and five result seeds; when moistened by craving and grasping, their transformation is called existence. This is only seeds. The eleventh birth limb is the five results' manifest activity, having ripened five aggregates as essence. The twelfth old age-death limb is the same as the previous birth limb. As extensively explained in *Yogācāra* Volumes 9, 10, 93, *Abhidharmasamuccaya* Volume 4, *Daśabhūmika* Volume 8, Vasubandhu's *Twelve Causal Links Treatise*, etc. "Pratyekabuddhas mostly take this as condition" means rhinoceros-horn pratyekabuddhas do not only practice causal observation but also practice three-meaning observation. Therefore called "mostly."
Regarding "Third attainment... personal emptiness suchness": Regarding "contaminated reverse observation," etc., some texts say "contaminated forward-reverse." The meaning is also good. Forward-reverse has two types: First, contaminated forward-reverse: Observing according to the sequence of transmigration is called contaminated forward - ignorance conditions formations up to birth conditioning old age-death. Or observing by establishing the four truths is called contaminated reverse - old age-death's suffering, old age-death's origination, old age-death's cessation, practices leading to old age-death's cessation. Pure forward-reverse: Because ignorance ceases, formations cease, up to because birth ceases, old age-death ceases - called pure forward. Because of whose non-existence old age-death doesn't exist, because of whose cessation old age-death
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ceases - called pure reverse. As explained in *Abhidharmasamuccaya* Volume 4. Question: On what basis are the terms forward and reverse established? Explanation: There are three pairs: First, cause-effect correlation: first cause, then effect is called forward, according with the principle of generation-birth. Reversing this is called reverse. Second, subtle-gross correlation: first subtle, then gross is called forward, according with the principle of accumulation. Reversing this is called reverse. Third, near-far correlation: first near, then far is called forward, according with observation suiting principle. Reversing this is called reverse. Therefore *Vibhāṣā* 23 says: "Using cause to infer effect is called forward observation. Using effect to infer cause is called reverse observation. Furthermore, entering from subtle to gross is called forward observation. Entering from gross to subtle is called reverse observation. Furthermore, observing the far through the near is called forward observation. Observing the near through the far is called reverse observation." Question: In reverse observation, what does "retreating uniformly to consciousness" mean? Explanation: *Yogācāra* 93 says: "Knowing cause with consciousness arising from prior accumulation as boundary, there is suffering in present phenomena. Having already known it arises from prior accumulation, one should not again observe 'how does this exist?'" Explanation: Having previously inferred the three dharmas of existence, grasping, craving, etc. of the future limit, according to the present consciousness, etc. five arising from prior accumulation truth