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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Two Truths Chapter
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The commentary says: "Equal phenomena" - the old chapter says "three Buddha-riti," translated as "equal collection." Also called "equal accumulated collection-gathering." Generally, what exists when assembled and is absent when scattered is called "equal collection." When distinguishing a jar into form, smell, taste, and touch, one abandons the name "jar." Also, it's not that abandoning form, smell, taste, and touch leaves a separate jar-name. Therefore it's called "equal phenomena." "When distinguishing, there's nothing to abandon - this is precisely ultimate meaning" - like calling the five aggregates of grasping the truth of suffering. When distinguishing the five, one also doesn't abandon the name "suffering." Because form is suffering. The same applies up to consciousness. Details are as explained there.
Regarding "Third, principle-phenomena division... making it ultimate meaning": This third section depends on Vibhāṣā text. The phenomenal characteristics and distinctions of aggregates, realms, and sense-fields, etc. are explained as conventional truth. The principle of the common characteristics of the sixteen noble practices is made true truth. This corresponds precisely to the fourth master's doctrine in Vibhāṣā - namely the evaluator's explanation. Therefore that text says: "All four truths have conventional and ultimate. The phenomena of the four truths are called conventional. The principles of the four truths are called ultimate. Furthermore, conventional and ultimate both encompass the eighteen realms, twelve sense-fields, and five aggregates. Space and non-analytical cessation are also encompassed by the two truths." Therefore, explaining: the phenomena of suffering truth are phenomena like men, women, jars, clothing, etc. The principle of suffering truth is the principle of suffering, impermanence, emptiness, and non-self. Up to the phenomena of path truth - the Buddha explaining the path like boats and rafts, like flowers, like water - these are precisely phenomena. The principle of path truth is the principle of path, suchness, practice, and emergence. Details are as explained in that treatise's seventy-seventh section.
Regarding "Fourth, bondage-liberation division... cessation-path as first": This fourth section depends on Vibhāṣā text. Suffering and origination are dharmas of bondage, explained as conventional truth. Cessation and path are dharmas of liberation, called true truth. This is precisely
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the first master's doctrine in Vibhāṣā. Therefore that text says: "Among the four truths, the first two truths are conventional truths. Men and women's movement and dwelling, and jars, clothing, etc. that the world currently sees - all worldly conventional matters enter into the two truths of suffering and origination. The latter two truths are ultimate truths. All transcendent real skillful virtues enter into the two truths of cessation and path."
Regarding "Fifth, inferior-superior division... explaining as first": This fifth section depends on Vibhāṣā text. Saying "inferior-superior distinction" - Master Yuan's chapter calls it "conditioned-unconditioned distinction." That master's commentary says "inferior-superior distinction meaning" - all are the same. The three truths of suffering, origination, and path, being conditioned, are judged as conventional truth. The superior dharma of the unconditioned tranquil cessation of cessation truth is explained as true truth. This corresponds precisely to the second master's doctrine in Vibhāṣā. Therefore that text says: "Among the four truths, the first three truths are conventional truths. That there are worldly conventional matters in suffering and origination truths has meaning as previously explained. The Buddha explaining cessation truth as like a city, like a palace, or like the other shore - all such worldly conventional establishments exist within cessation truth. Therefore cessation truth is also called conventional. Only the single path truth is ultimate truth. Because there are no worldly conventional establishments within this."
Regarding "Sixth, emptiness-existence distinction... explaining as first": This sixth section depends on Vibhāṣā text. Emptiness and non-self among the sixteen practices, being superior within principle, are explained as true truth. The remainder are called conventional truth. This corresponds precisely to the third master's doctrine in Vibhāṣā. Therefore that text says: "All four truths are encompassed by conventional truth. That there are worldly conventional matters in the first three truths has meaning as previously explained. Path truth also has various worldly
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Two Truths Chapter
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matters. Because the Buddha explains path truth using the names śramaṇa and brāhmaṇa. Only the principle of emptiness and non-self of all dharmas is ultimate truth. Because within emptiness and non-self, various worldly conventional matters are not conventionally established." Details are as explained there.
Regarding "Seventh, practice-teaching division... called ultimate meaning": This seventh section depends on Saṃyuktahṛdaya text. Therefore Saṃyuktahṛdaya Treatise volume ten says: Question: What is true dharma? Answer: Sūtra, Vinaya, and Abhidharma - these are called conventional true dharma. The thirty-seven factors of enlightenment - this explains ultimate meaning. That treatise's explanation says: "Sūtra, Vinaya, and Abhidharma are called conventional true dharma" - sūtra scriptures, vinaya, and abhidharma are verbal true dharma. Because they arise depending on name-places. The Buddha's words previously explained are the intrinsic nature of speech. Speech is precisely dependent transformation. Because it transforms in other places, it's called conventional. Therefore, because it manifests ultimate meaning, it's called true dharma. Because names manifest meaning. "The thirty-seven factors of enlightenment explain the first" - the thirty-seven factors of enlightenment are ultimate meaning. True dharma arises apart from names. Though contaminated cultivated wisdom transforms apart from names, because it has defilements, it's not explained as ultimate meaning true dharma. Master Huizan says: Regarding within this verse, the upper half is conventional true dharma. Namely, Āgama sūtras, depending on others, are conventional. The lower half is true dharma. The so-called factors of enlightenment, being the uncontaminated causes and effects of the three vehicles, are true. Details are as explained in that commentary's tenth volume. Master Yuan says: Within the initial school, these seven types are complete. Though there are seven types, the two truths of phenomena and principle are precisely what the school归向s to. This corresponds to the Vibhāṣā evaluators' doctrine. Question: Vibhāṣā seventy-seven says: "Venerable Vasumitra made such an explanation: Manifesting names are conventional. Manifested dharmas are
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ultimate. The Great Virtue explained: Proclaiming sentient beings, jars, clothing, etc. - speech arising from non-false, non-erroneous mind is conventional truth. Proclaiming conditional nature, dependent origination, etc. - speech arising from non-erroneous mind is ultimate truth. Venerable Dharmatrāta explained: The intrinsic nature of names is conventional. The intrinsic nature of meaning is ultimate." Among these seven sections, which section encompasses these three doctrines? Explanation: The doctrines of the two masters Vasumitra and Dharmatrāta are encompassed by the seventh section. Because they make the able-to-designate conventional and the designated true. The Great Virtue's doctrine is encompassed by the second section. Because it makes provisional dharmas conventional and real dharmas true. Another explanation: The Great Virtue's doctrine is encompassed by one part of teaching within the seventh section. Because it only explains the two truths regarding teaching. Since it says "speech arising from non-erroneous mind," we know it's encompassed by teaching.
Regarding "Now this merely manifests... called ultimate meaning": Above, based on establishment-nature, the seven sections were clarified. Below, the two truths of the four schools are标举d and correspond to the two truths explained in Nirvana. This initially标s the establishment-nature school doctrine and matches it with the sūtra's two truths. Though there are seven sections, this present Nirvana sūtra text merely manifests the initial three approaches. The remaining four sectional approaches are omitted and not distinguished. This标s the first section and corresponds to the sūtra text's first part. "First dividing into two regarding emotion-principle"标s the first section. Saying "dividing into two" means conventional and ultimate. "Five aggregates combination, etc." corresponds to the sūtra text. Namely, the previously cited Nirvana thirteenth says: "Good son, calling the combination of five aggregates 'so-and-so.' Ordinary sentient beings follow their appellations. This is called worldly truth. Understanding that aggregates have no 'so-and-so' name-words, and separated from aggregates there's also