英語訳
【Right Page】
【Outside frame, upper right】
Four
【Outside frame, upper left horizontal】
Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Five Minds Chapter
【Outside frame, lower right horizontal】
Four
【Upper Section】
However, there is no defilement-purity. Because the power in the causal stage is weak, it is not like the fruition stage. If the text already permits sudden arising, then mentation arising together with the five consciousnesses is named sudden arising following the five consciousnesses. Why not permit the five consciousnesses arising together with seeking mentation to be named seeking following mentation? At that time, the five consciousnesses arising together with mentation have desire, etc. arising. Therefore decision is also thus. When seeking has already passed and defilement-purity has not yet arisen, the five consciousnesses turn following mentation. If it is not decision, what mind would this be named? Therefore it should be known that the five consciousnesses also have the two minds of seeking and decision.
The text "In the causal [stage] the five [consciousnesses] do not have [it]... because [their] power is superior" means that the power in the causal stage is weak, so they cannot by their own power lead to and accomplish defilement-purity. Therefore there are only four. Question: If the five consciousnesses arising together with seeking-decision mentation are named seeking-decision, then the five consciousnesses arising together with defilement-purity mentation should also be named defilement-purity mind. The Compilation answers: It should be said that in the defilement-purity stage there are no simultaneously arising five consciousnesses. Why? Among the middle three minds, if they arise after the five consciousnesses, they must first objectify the object-realm that was objectified by past sudden arising, and only then objectify present similar objects. The two minds of seeking and decision, whether objectifying the past or similar objects, can all be named seeking and decision. Defilement-purity is not like this. Only objectifying the past is named defilement-purity. If objectifying similar objects, it immediately belongs to equal-flow. Therefore in the defilement-purity stage, there are no simultaneously arising five consciousnesses. Because mentation at that time does not objectify the present. According to tradition, good-evil defilement-purity, because their power is weak, do not arise. Indeterminate defilement-purity, even if arising, also has no obstruction. What does not arise now refers only to good and evil. I think this is incorrect. If only objectifying the past is named defilement-purity, and if objectifying similar objects immediately belongs to equal-flow, then does the indeterminate defilement-purity of the five consciousnesses
【Lower Section】
objectify the past?
The text "According to one theory, from the eighth ground... the seventh and eighth each have four" - this is the second master's theory. This master's intention is that the five consciousnesses in the causal stage also have defilement-purity. From the eighth ground onwards, the five consciousnesses are autonomous and, without depending on the power of mentation or mutual引導 before and after, also accomplish defilement-purity. The seventh and eighth are analogous to this. This can be known as the text states.
The text "In this, according to one theory... because it permits irregular arising" - this is the third master's theory. According to tradition, this is Master Tai's theory. Master Xiao and others also make this explanation, as in the Golden Drum Commentary. This master's intention is that the Yogācāra already says "Among the first three minds, the first is the five consciousnesses. The second resides in mentation." It also says "At the time of equal-flow mind, then there are eye[-consciousness], etc." Therefore it is known that, as the text states, there are only two minds. "Because it permits irregular arising" means if sudden mind objectifies familiar objects, immediately following this mind, decision mind arises. As the treatise explains, it says "The mentation arising immediately after the five consciousnesses is either seeking or decision." Therefore it is known that seeking mind does not necessarily arise. Up to equal-flow should also be understood thus. This is named irregular arising. These irregularly arising minds are all previous equal-flow. Therefore the five consciousnesses only have sudden arising and equal-flow.
The text "Now this provisionally depends on... explains regarding easily cognizable objects" - this reconciles the passages cited by the third master. "Depending on manifest superior dharmas" refers to the gross characteristics approach. When the Yogācāra treatise says "The first is the five consciousnesses. The second resides in mentation," etc., it depends on the gross characteristics approach, regarding neutral objects without mixture that are easy to cognize. However, this does not exhaust the principle. Other passages should all be reconciled according to this precedent.
The text "Why not permit... is also superior in principle" - this criticizes the third master's theory. First it presents reasoning,
【Left Page】
【Outside frame, upper left】
Five
【Outside frame, upper left horizontal】
Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Five Minds Chapter
【Outside frame, lower left horizontal】
Five
【Upper Section】
then cites passages. "The Vijñaptimātratā states, etc." refers to passages from Volume 4. "Attaining the autonomous stage, etc." means from the eighth ground onwards and the Buddha's fruition stage - regarding objects they are autonomous and do not depend on discrimination. Therefore it is called spontaneous. There is no further doubt. Therefore it is called decision. Even without desire, all have nothing unknown. Therefore it says not depending on seeking. Why do those five consciousness-bodies not continue? The reason for citing this proof is that if in the autonomous stage, regarding already familiar objects, they do not necessarily seek first and then decide. Inferring from this in reverse, if in the non-autonomous stage regarding unfamiliar objects, within those five consciousnesses, it should not be that there is only sudden arising without seeking arising. Therefore it should be known that the five consciousnesses are complete with five minds.
The text "The fourth moment... there are not many sudden [arisings]" - this clarifies that the sudden arising of the five consciousnesses is one moment. If it is sudden arising of other consciousnesses, it should also be one moment. Because initially falling into objects is named sudden arising. "It is not that the five consciousness-bodies have two moments, etc." - namely depending on this passage, in Consciousness-Only Volume 4 there are briefly three explanations. First: The five consciousnesses are only one moment. In the same type before and after, definitely there are not two moments arising in succession. Therefore the sixth [consciousness] serves as the immediately preceding condition. Second: This depends on the non-autonomous stage. Mostly sudden arising is only one moment. Not equal-flow mind and the autonomous stage. Therefore it is known that among the five consciousnesses and the preceding six consciousnesses, depending on whichever consciousness, it serves as the immediately preceding condition. The third correct theory: Each takes its own type as the immediately preceding condition. It does not say the five consciousnesses are continuous moments. This is detailed in those explanations. "From this, immediately afterward mentation necessarily arises, etc." - by this passage it proves that after sudden mind, seeking definitely arises, as explained in the Yogācāra Commentary.
The text "Explaining the five consciousness-bodies... there are no subtle ones" - explaining that the five consciousness-bodies have applied and sustained thought, etc. Consciousness-Only
【Lower Section】
Volume 7 has two explanations. The first master says: Yogācāra Volume 56 asks: "In the second meditation and above, when eye[-consciousness], etc. with applied and sustained thought are present, how is this ground without applied and sustained thought?" Therefore it is known that the five consciousnesses have applied and sustained thought. The second master says: Yogācāra Volume 1 explains "seeking, investigating, and seventh discrimination" as exclusive to mentation, etc. Therefore it is known that applied and sustained thought exist only in mentation. The chapter-master judges that the first master's theory is not appropriate. Even extending to both Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna, this reasoning is also present. "Broad seeking" means deep and extensive characteristics. That is, the characteristics of seeking activity. "What is explained in various places, etc." - this reconciles discrepancies. According to tradition, Master Huiji, explaining Master Kuiji's intention, says: That the five consciousnesses have seeking refers to positional seeking, not substantial seeking. Because the five consciousness-bodies are only direct perception. I think this is incorrect. This passage already says "without deep and extensive characteristics, explaining this as non-existent, not without subtle ones." Clearly it should be known that subtle seeking is substantial seeking.
The text "If independently arising mentation... principle also does not obstruct" - above it clarified that sudden arising of the five consciousnesses is only one moment. From here onwards it clarifies that sudden arising of mentation is also one moment. In this, first it reconciles discrepant passages, then presents different explanations. This reconciles discrepancies. Yogācāra Volume 1 explains that the five consciousnesses have sudden arising but does not explain mentation. In Volume 3 it explains sudden arising of mentation. Since they are contradictory thus, now it reconciles them. If speaking completely, it should say "Initially it is the six consciousnesses. And the next two minds are necessarily mentation." In the initial one moment, it briefly does not explain that mentation also has sudden arising. That is, this explains according to one gross and manifest characteristic, not exhaustively explaining principle. Also, without the word "only," it does not obstruct that in the initial mind there is also mentation, and in the latter two minds there are also five consciousnesses. Therefore it says "principle also does not obstruct."