英語訳
【Right Page】
【Outside frame, upper right】
Sixty-four
【Outside frame, upper right horizontal】
Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Two Truths Chapter
【Outside frame, lower right horizontal】
Sixty-four
【Upper Section】
Included in the third [category]. The third inclusion means: the principles of Four Noble Truths characteristics that appear as transformations in the mind do not separate from phenomena and are included in dependent origination. Third, clarified conventional: when the contaminated dependent [nature] is eliminated, the imagined nature is non-existent, and using the two emptinesses as gates to reveal suchness is called perfect accomplishment. Among the four conventional [truths], this is the fourth conventional. Or this conventional also takes the third among the four. Because it is uncontaminated. They are matched to the three natures in sequence. The Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra also contains this text.
"Its meaning ultimate... because the treatise itself explains": The first meaning ultimate is an attributive compound. It is included in the fourth ultimate. The second attained ultimate, namely nirvāṇa, is a descriptive compound. It is included in the third ultimate. Because it is revealed through realization, it is discussed in terms of attainment. Suchness is originally accomplished, so it is not called attainment. Nirvāṇa manifests later. Therefore the name "attained" is established. The third activity ultimate is included in the second ultimate. Because the principle is somewhat superior. If following phenomena, it is also the first ultimate. Taking superior dharma as meaning is a possessive compound. The old Madhyāntavibhāga calls it "correct activity reality." If the Four Noble Truths of suffering, origin, cessation, path are explained as attained ultimate, etc., the four truths of suffering, etc., because they are established through realizing principles, are called attained ultimate. "Because the treatise itself explains" means: Yogācārabhūmi fascicle 64 and Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra fascicle 6, in explaining the four levels of conventional [truth], the Four Noble Truths are included in the third conventional. Vijñāpti-mātra-śāstra fascicle 9, in explaining the four levels of ultimate [truth], the Four Noble Truths are included in the second ultimate. These treatises all have authentic texts. Therefore it says "because the treatise itself explains."
"Yogācārabhūmi fascicle 4... included in the fourth ultimate": Truth establishment, etc. means: bodhisattvas generally have four types of establishment and construction. Namely dharma, truth, principle, and vehicle. Now the second, truth, is clarified. Therefore it says "truth establishment and construction." The remaining dharma, principle, and vehicle are as extensively explained in the treatise. Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra fascicle 8 also contains this text. Establishing one truth means the meaning of non-falseness. Having only one truth and no second, it is called one truth. Master Jing says: Without questioning ultimate and conventional, they equally have the meanings of non-falseness, reality, and non-inversion. Therefore they are collectively called one truth. Master Yu says: Truth means reality. Whether suffering, origin, cessation, or path, all are the verified reality meaning of cause and effect. Therefore one truth is collectively established. This interpretation is difficult to understand. If based on the one [meaning] of verified reality of cause and effect, explaining it as one truth, how does this text say "included in the fourth ultimate"? The fourth ultimate truth is not the gate of cause and effect. Now saying "one truth" means it is precisely the one truth explained in the Śrīmālā-sūtra. That sūtra says: False dharmas are neither truth, nor permanent, nor reliable. Therefore the three of suffering, origin, and path are not ultimate meaning truth. What is not false is truth, is permanent, is reliable. Therefore cessation truth is ultimate meaning. Now being the same as that, it says "non-false truth included in the fourth ultimate."
"Establishing two truths... included in the two truths": Saying "establishing two truths, etc." means: although the real meaning is the same, conventional truth is reality within the conventional, and ultimate truth is reality within the ultimate. Therefore two truths are established. Renwang Prajñā, etc. is text added by the chapter master, not Yogācārabhūmi text. Being included in the two truths according to names in sequence means: worldly truth is included in conventional truth; ultimate meaning truth is included in ultimate truth.
"Establishing three truths... included in the latter two": First, characteristic truth, etc. means: characteristic means essence. Namely
【Lower Section】
[Content continues...]
【Left Page】
【Outside frame, upper left】
Sixty-five
【Outside frame, upper left horizontal】
Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Two Truths Chapter
【Outside frame, lower left horizontal】
Sixty-five
【Upper Section】
The essence-characteristics of all dharmas being explained are called characteristic truth. The teaching dharmas that explain are called verbal truth. Therefore Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra calls it "explanatory truth." The functions of all dharmas are called functional truth. Like the function of eyes seeing forms and ears hearing sounds. These functions are called functional truth. The previous characteristic and verbal truths each have functions. Characteristics serve as what is explained; verbal serves as what explains. These two are essences. Separating them makes two. The third functional truth is the function of dharmas. Combining them makes one dharma. Therefore it says "because essence and function have distinctions in separation and combination."
"Establishing four truths... because causes and effects differ": The causes of saṃsāra's fruits are called suffering and origin. The causes of nirvāṇa's fruits are called cessation and path. This Four Noble Truths meaning is like the Nirvāṇa-sūtra fascicle 13 explanation quoted earlier. It says "as already explained before." Contamination means saṃsāra; purity means nirvāṇa. These each have causes and effects. Therefore it says "each having distinct causes and effects." Question: Why are fruit first and cause second called suffering-origin-cessation-path? If cause is first and effect second, wouldn't suffering-origin-cessation-path not be explained? Explanation: Nirvāṇa-sūtra fascicle 13 says: All Buddha World-Honored Ones explain them in sequence. Through this causation, immeasurable beings attain crossing over saṃsāra. Explanation: There are three [types of] sequence. First, arising sequence, like the nine sequential concentrations, etc. Second, explanation sequence, like the four right efforts, etc. Third, seeing sequence, like explaining the Four Noble Truths. If [following] cause-and-effect sequence, then first origin then suffering, first path then cessation. Now following seeing sequence, therefore first suffering then origin, first cessation then path. The reason for this is: becoming disgusted with effects and cutting off causes, delighting in effects and cultivating causes. Therefore, like first knowing the illness, then knowing the illness's cause, then seeking the illness's cure, then seeking good medicine. When all Buddha World-Honored Ones make this sequence and explain the Four Noble Truths, immeasurable beings attain crossing over saṃ-
【Lower Section】
sāra. Also, regarding explaining this sequence, various explanations differ. Extensively as in Abhidharmamahāvibhāṣā fascicle 78 and Master Zongfa's chapter in Satyasiddhi-śāstra.
"Establishing five truths... the latter one is suchness": First, causal truth, etc. means: regarding these five truths, there are two explanations. Origin and path are called causal truth. Suffering and cessation are called result truth. Wisdom and corresponding mental factors, etc. are called knowing truth. Namely Four Noble Truths wisdom, etc. Conditioned and unconditioned object realms, etc. are called known truth. Namely Four Noble Truths objects, etc. Able-to-have, etc. means: causes are called able-to-have; results are called what-is-had. Knowing truth is called mind. Though mental king and mental factors differ, mind is primary. Object truth is called object. Because it knows object realms. The mutual inclusion of the four levels can be understood. The fifth ultimate has two gates. If regarding established gates, it is included in the fourth conventional truth and third ultimate. If non-established gates, it is included in the fourth ultimate. Or the first four types, etc. is the second explanation. The two truths of origin and suffering are called cause-and-effect truth. The two truths of path and cessation are called wisdom-and-object truth. The fifth ultimate truth is precisely the above four natures. Fascicle 64 says: Non-established means the suchness true nature of all dharmas. Among these two explanations, the first is broad and the second narrow, so there are distinctions.
"Establishing six truths... included in the second ultimate": Among the six truths, the first two explain true and false phenomena. Also, good dharmas are called truth. Non-truth unwholesome dharmas, etc. are called false truth. Ultimate and conventional having two distinct categories, etc. means: truth-truth refers to ultimate; false truth refers to conventional. Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra says: First, true truth; second, false truth. Suffering and origin are called contaminated; cessation and path are called pure. These each have