英語訳
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror — Eliminating Obstacles Chapter
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Without ever having attained [it], on what basis can one attain the doctrine of the advancement path?
Answer: It is analogous to the stages of the two vehicles, bodhisattvas, etc., and is explained as advancement. Just as with the Buddha's cessation meditation (*nirodha-samāpatti*): within the Buddha stage, although there are no coarse and active mental factors (*citta-caitasika*), it can still be said that cessation meditation (*nirodha-samāpatti*) exists.
Regarding "Based on what is stated here, up to 'none are said to be capable'": If the two vehicles' holy path, whether contaminated or uncontaminated, all have four paths, then ordinary beings have only contaminated paths. Among these contaminated and uncontaminated four paths, only the uninterrupted path and liberation path are the paths capable of elimination, because they sever and suppress the various afflictions and their residual impressions (*dauṣṭhulya*). Preparatory and advancement [paths] do not correctly sever and suppress. However, among preparatory paths, there are distant and proximate ones. The proximate ones can also gradually suppress and eliminate. Advancement already has two approaches — general and specific: the specific does not constitute severing and suppressing, while the general also extends to capability, as explained above. This is explained regarding the two vehicles and ordinary beings. For the bodhisattva vehicle's preparatory and advancement [paths], they are also capable of severing and suppressing.
Regarding "Bodhisattvas have sharp faculties, yet there are differences": Because bodhisattvas possess the four paths moment by moment, each and every one is capable of either suppressing or eliminating. The statement "suppression applies only to the obstacle-body, while elimination also extends to karmic results" refers to the *Yogācārabhūmi* (Note #2: correctly found in the text of *Consciousness-Only* fascicle ten), which states: "Analytical cessation (*pratisaṃkhyānirodha*) has two [aspects]: first, the uninterrupted [path] that eliminates afflictions; second, the uninterrupted [path] that eliminates results." Calling karma "elimination" is said based on an improper (Note #1: "proper" in the original reads "arising") explanation. Regarding "Elimination necessarily realizes the true, etc.": elimination necessarily realizes the true; suppression sometimes takes the conventional as its object. Even when bodhisattvas suppress obstacles, they can also realize the true. Ordinary beings are necessarily incapable of this. Among the two vehicles, some are capable. The reason it is so is that ordinary beings have not yet attained the uncontaminated, while the two vehicles have already attained it. Regarding "Yet there are differences," there are two
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explanations. The first says: This text belongs to the above. As for "the reason it is so": the two vehicles and ordinary beings differ individually in severing and suppressing obstacles. There are roughly three categories. First, the eighty-one categories are severed separately — this relies on gradual severing, which includes both the two vehicles' severing and ordinary beings' severing. Second, according to one's ordinary stage, having already suppressed more or less [afflictions], after entering the path of seeing, one then severs in sequential order — such as those who have separated from desire doubly or those who have fully separated from desire, etc. Third, combining into nine grades for severance — all afflictions of the three realms and nine grounds are bundled together and generally severed in nine grades, such as those who instantly emerge [from cyclic existence]. These and similar distinctions exist. Therefore it says "yet there are differences." The second explanation says: This text belongs to the below. When the contaminated four paths are first arising, there are two masters' views on severing and suppressing afflictions, as explained below. Preserving that intention, it says "yet there are differences."
Regarding "Contaminated four paths, up to 'separated only then eliminates'": "Three wisdoms as preparatory" reveals the distant preparatory [path]. "Contemplative wisdom as proximate" reveals the proximate preparatory [path].
Question: If contemplative wisdom is proximate, one should say "two wisdoms as preparatory." Why now say "three wisdoms as preparatory"?
Answer: Contemplative wisdom has two [types]. First, that which has not yet entered continuity, which is the contemplative wisdom subsumed under the *liàoxiāng* (understanding characteristics) attention (*manaskāra*). Therefore the *Abhidharma Compendium* says "based on attention at the meditative level." Taking this text as evidence, one therefore knows: *liàoxiāng* attention is not essentially hearing and reflection [wisdoms]. Although it is contemplative wisdom, because it has not yet continuously and exclusively applied itself, it becomes scattered virtue, interspersed with hearing and reflection. Therefore in general it is said that "three wisdoms constitute preparatory [paths]." Second, that which has already entered continuity, which is the contemplative wisdom subsumed under resolute understanding (*adhimokṣa*) attention. Therefore the *Abhidharma Compendium* says: "From this point upward, it transcends hearing and reflection. That is, resolute-understanding attention is not interspersed with hearing and reflection. It is exclusively and wholly long-term contemplative wisdom." The present text's "contemplative wisdom as
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror — Eliminating Obstacles Chapter
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proximate" is stated based on this. This passage is somewhat subtle. Scholars should reflect on it. "Preparatory path also suppresses afflictions, etc." refers to the text of *Abhidharma Compendium* fascicle nine. "Preparatory path also suppresses afflictions" is the subsequent text. "Understanding characteristics and resolute understanding have not yet eliminated afflictions, etc." is the preceding text. Now combining the preceding and subsequent [passages] into one text: Regarding "understanding characteristics and resolute understanding": understanding that the faults of the desire realm are coarse characteristics, and that the merits of the first dhyāna are calm characteristics — therefore it is named "understanding characteristics" (*liàoxiāng*). Repeatedly cultivating the characteristics of calmness and so forth, not being interspersed by hearing and reflection, one gives rise to enhanced resolute understanding. Therefore it is named "resolute-understanding attention." Because one has long cultivated this resolute understanding, when its actual enhancement is at its highest, the inferior-grade ability-to-treat (*nénghì*) first attains arising and eliminates the superior-grade afflictions. The attention that accompanies that path capable of elimination is explained as "detachment attention" (*yuánlí manaskāra*). The remaining four attentions will be understood further below.
Regarding "Some say: beginning with [the first], up to 'based on reality, first suppression'": This master's intention is revealed. Preparatory [path] consists only of hearing and reflection wisdoms. If one enters contemplative wisdom, that is immediately the uninterrupted path. That the *Abhidharma Compendium* etc. explain that understanding characteristics and resolute understanding do not suppress afflictions is stated based on the fact that severing the first three grades has not yet been completed. Reaching the time of detachment, the three grades are then completed. At this time one attains the name of suppression. Based on reality, even the first two are capable. The *Compendium* (*Zhuǎn*) says: "Examining this later explanation carefully, while reasonable in principle, it contradicts the *Yogācārabhūmi*'s text assigning the seven attentions to the four paths. Therefore fascicle sixty-two says: understanding characteristics and resolute understanding are subsumed under the preparatory path (*upāya-mārga*); detachment and consummation are subsumed under the uninterrupted path (*ānantarya-mārga*); the attention of joyful engagement is subsumed under four kinds of paths; the attention of examination is subsumed under the advancement path. Since it already says 'subsumed under the preparatory path,' one therefore knows that understanding characteristics and resolute understanding have not yet suppressed afflictions." This master, in reconciliation, says: The *Yogācārabhūmi* fascicle thirty-
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three says: understanding characteristics and resolute understanding are named "opposition by aversion and destruction (*yàn huài duìzhì*)." Therefore it is known that they suppress afflictions.
Regarding "If for the sake of correct contemplation (*dìguān*), up to 'uncontaminated preparatory path'": If for the sake of correct contemplation (*satya-contemplation*) one enters the path of seeing, the preceding six-fold contemplation wisdom is not a suppression path. When suppressing afflictions of the path of seeing, there is no aspiration-aversion (*xīnyàn*). "Preparatory [path] capable of suppression, etc." means: preparatory [path] is precisely contemplating the four truths and sixteen aspects. Because one necessarily uses the sixteen aspects as the preceding preparatory [path], although contaminated, it can suppress. This is because the uninterrupted path can lead to the uncontaminated path. "Because there is no forceful suppression in the contaminated path" means: in the stage where preparatory wisdom arises, progressing toward the uncontaminated, although there is the power to suppress afflictions, one does not intentionally suppress them. Therefore, because there is no forceful suppression, it does not constitute the correct stage of suppression. "Subsequent time also extends to uncontaminated contemplative wisdom preparatory" means: it extends to both uncontaminated contemplative wisdom and preparatory [path]. Therefore when the uncontaminated path first arises, one necessarily uses contaminated cultivation as the preceding preparatory path. If the uncontaminated arises, it belongs to the uninterrupted path, since it then severs afflictions. Reaching the subsequent time of the cultivation path, one can also use the uncontaminated path as the preceding preparatory [path]. Even if the uncontaminated path arises, one does not yet say it immediately severs afflictions. Therefore, during the interval before severance, it is preparatory — hence saying "subsequent time also attains uncontaminated preparatory path."
Regarding "However, preparatory wisdom, up to 'distinguish as usual'": However, the preparatory path necessarily extends to three wisdoms. As for preparatory wisdom, it does not necessarily extend to all four paths. "Above the eighth ground there is no preparatory wisdom, etc." is a response to an objection.
Question: If preparatory wisdom necessarily extends to the four paths, and above the eighth ground there is no preparatory wisdom, how can there be four paths?
Therefore it now responds: Among the four paths, of itself [continued on next page]