英語訳
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Ninety-two
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror — Eliminating Obstacles Chapter
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Ninety-two
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[The four paths] extend to three wisdoms. Above the eighth ground, although there is no preparatory wisdom (*kegyō-chi*), since there are the remaining two wisdoms, the four paths exist. Within these two wisdoms, one naturally and effortlessly (*jiunn*) advances. Therefore there is a preparatory [path]. That above the eighth ground the preparatory [path] operates naturally and effortlessly is recorded in various teachings. Therefore it says "distinguish as usual."
Regarding "Fifth, relying on contemplation, up to 'because [the contemplation] perceives coarseness'": According to the *Sarvāstivāda* school (as cited and discussed in *Abhidharmakośa* fascicle nineteen and its commentary *Guangji*), ordinary beings' elimination of afflictions is by means of contemplating the conventional — not the emptiness of persons and dharmas. Saints' elimination of afflictions only contemplates the emptiness of persons (*pudgala-śūnyatā*), not the emptiness of dharmas (*dharma-śūnyatā*). Therefore the *Miscellaneous Abhidharma-hṛdaya* says: "Empty because of separation from the person." According to the *Satyasiddhi* school, saints' elimination of afflictions contemplates both the emptiness of persons and the emptiness of dharmas in a comprehensive manner. The emptiness of persons can be understood readily. What is called "emptiness of dharmas" here refers to the emptiness that analyzes and breaks down the person (*zhé rén kōng*). In the Mahāyāna, the two obscurations are eliminated through contemplation of the two kinds of emptiness, as the text itself explains. The present statement "the contemplation of personal emptiness (*pudgala-śūnyatā*) only eliminates afflictions, and karmic results do not eliminate habitual tendencies (*vāsanā*)" is explained in terms of the two vehicles' personal emptiness. If a bodhisattva alone practices the contemplation of personal emptiness, it also extends to Consciousness-Only (*vijñaptimātratā*). Therefore habitual tendencies are simultaneously eliminated.
Regarding "Yet speaking of liberation, up to 'therefore said not eliminated'": Among the two explanations regarding the elimination of residual impressions (*dauṣṭhulya*), the second master says "that which is coarse can be removed, etc." This master's intention reveals that the two vehicles' three minds only eliminate attachment to a born self (*janagrāha*). That is, in the first mind one expels the self separate from the aggregates (*skandha*); in the second mind one expels the self identical with the aggregates; in the third mind one abandons residual impressions (*dauṣṭhulya*). Therefore the three minds are completed. Already in the third mind the two residual impressions are abandoned. Therefore it says "that which is coarse can be removed." "Therefore entering the second dhyāna is called eliminating the residual impressions of the suffering faculty" refers to *Yogācārabhūmi* fascicle eleven, where it explains that the second concentration eliminates the suffering faculty. Although the seed of the suffering faculty has already been eliminated in the first concentration, now it eliminates the residual impressions of that suffering
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faculty. Since it is said that the second dhyāna eliminates that suffering faculty, it says "entering the second dhyāna is called eliminating the residual impressions of the suffering faculty."
Question: If residual impressions (*dauṣṭhulya*) are eliminated, does one separately attain the unconditioned (*asaṃskṛta*) or not?
Answer: The *Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra* fascicle 360 explains: Subhūti asks: "If unconditioned dharmas have no distinction, why does the Buddha say that the continuity of habitual tendencies is permanently absent in the Tathāgata but still present in the two vehicles?" The World-Honored One answers: "The continuity of habitual tendencies is not in reality affliction. In the bodies of the two vehicles they cannot give rise to meaningless [actions]. In the bodies of bodhisattvas they can give rise to meaningless [actions]. In the Tathāgata they are permanently absent." Precisely from this it is revealed that eliminating habitual tendencies does not mean attaining the unconditioned. If it were otherwise, there should be distinctions in the unconditioned. For a full explanation, see *Weishi shu* (Treatise Commentary on Consciousness-Only) fascicle ten.
Regarding "The contemplation of dharma-emptiness exists, up to 'permanently eliminated according to suitability'": The "three times" refers to the ten grounds divided broadly into three stages: initial, middle, and final. Initial refers to the path of seeing (*darśana-mārga*); middle refers to the path of cultivation (*bhāvanā-mārga*); final refers to the vajra-like [samādhi] (*vajropama-samādhi*). In each of these three stages, the contemplation of dharma-emptiness arises. Therefore it says: "At the time of the initial dharma-contemplation of the three times, one is simultaneously capable of permanently eliminating both the bifurcated [adventitious] two obscurations, along with karma, results, and habitual tendencies. At the time of the final dharma-contemplation, one simultaneously permanently eliminates the innate (*sahaja*) two obscurations, along with karma, results, and habitual tendencies." Regarding "evil realms and humans and gods are permanently eliminated according to suitability": the karmic results of evil realms are permanently eliminated at the first ground. As for the karmic results of human and divine realms: if upon entering the first ground one receives transformation birth (*biànyì shēng*), then they are eliminated at the first ground; if they are not eliminated until the eighth ground, where one receives transformation birth, they are eliminated at the eighth ground. Therefore it says "permanently eliminated according to suitability."
Another interpretation: the karmic results of evil realms are eliminated at the initial dharma-contemplation, and the karmic results of humans and gods are eliminated at the middle dharma-contemplation. Therefore it is called "according to suitability." If following the Hīnayāna, it is as the *Abhidharmakośa* explains.
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror — Eliminating Obstacles Chapter
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Ninety-three
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Regarding "Middle dharma-emptiness contemplation, up to 'the reason for simultaneous elimination'": "Middle dharma-emptiness contemplation" refers to the path of cultivation (*bhāvanā-mārga*). In this stage, one eliminates only the manifest activity and seeds of the cognitive obscuration (*jñeyāvaraṇa*), along with the habitual tendencies of the two obscurations. In accordance with the coarse and subtle categories of the cognitive obscuration, one also eliminates them according to their respective residual impressions. Because the habitual tendencies of the two obscurations mutually perfume each other, when eliminating the cognitive obscuration, the habitual tendencies of the afflictive obscuration (*kleśāvaraṇa*) are also eliminated accordingly. When eliminating the afflictive obscuration, the habitual tendencies of the cognitive obscuration are also eliminated accordingly. Therefore it says "in accordance with the coarse and subtle categories of the cognitive obscuration, all of them can be eliminated." Regarding "That is, the subtle [aspect] of dharma-emptiness contemplation in the ten grounds' path of cultivation necessarily accompanies personal emptiness, etc.": this means that within the ten grounds, if dharma-emptiness (*dharma-śūnyatā*) arises, it necessarily accompanies and includes the personal [emptiness]. Therefore, the two kinds of residual impressions are simultaneously eliminated. However, dharma-emptiness wisdom, while illuminating personal emptiness (*pudgala-śūnyatā*), is called "accompanying personal emptiness." Because the deeper encompasses the shallower, within dharma-emptiness one provisionally establishes that name. Therefore it says "dharma-emptiness accompanies the personal."
Question: If when dharma-contemplation arises it necessarily accompanies the personal, then when eliminating dharma-attachment (*dharmāgrāha*) it should necessarily simultaneously eliminate personal attachment (*ātmagrāha*).
Answer: Seeing the principle (*lǐ*) and eliminating afflictions are each different in meaning. Seeing the principle relies only on understanding (*jiě*). Deeper understanding necessarily reaches the shallower. Eliminating afflictions relies on intentional attention (*manaskāra*). Eliminating the subtle does not necessarily [mean eliminating] the coarse.
Question: If eliminating afflictions relies on intentional attention, then just as understanding may arise but afflictions not be eliminated, so too it should be the case that even without understanding arising, afflictions could be eliminated through intentional attention.
Answer: There is no such doctrine.
Question: If so, then [the case where] understanding arises but afflictions are not eliminated — that too should have no [such] doctrine.
Answer: Because there is the support of compassionate vow (*karuṇā-praṇidhāna*), there is [the case where] understanding arises but [afflictions are] not eliminated. If understanding has completely ceased to arise, by whose support can one attain elimination? Merely using empty intentional attention to say "I eliminate afflictions" — (Note #2: below "afflictions" the three characters "while understanding does not arise" appear to be missing) — to say that afflictions are eliminated has no such logic.
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Regarding "The three wisdoms of the three [sections], up to 'being in the stage of hearing and reflection'": According to the *Sarvāstivāda* school (Abhidharmakośa fascicle twenty-one): among the three wisdoms, whether ordinary or saintly, one eliminates afflictions of the path of seeing and path of cultivation solely through contemplative wisdom (*bhāvanā-jñāna*). Hearing and reflection are scattered and cannot eliminate afflictions. According to the *Satyasiddhi* school, the three wisdoms of hearing and so on all eliminate afflictions. Therefore that treatise (Note #2: *Satyasiddhi-śāstra* fascicle thirteen) says: "The mind of conventional designations (*prajñapticitta*): sometimes eliminated through the condition of wisdom from extensive learning, sometimes through the condition of wisdom from contemplative reflection. The mind of real dharmas: in [the stages of] warmth (*uṣmagata*) and so forth, eliminated through wisdom of emptiness." Within the Mahāyāna school, suppression extends to all three wisdoms, while elimination is only through contemplative wisdom, as the text itself explains. "Suppression through the power of momentum extends to hearing and reflection, etc.": Suppression has two [types]. First, suppression through momentum and force. Second, suppression through preparatory practice (*prayoga*). Although hearing and reflection are scattered, since they are wholesome wisdoms, unwholesome afflictions do not naturally arise in relation to them. Therefore it is called "suppression through momentum and force." Since one abides in scattered mind, it is called "not suppression through correct contemplation." If one suppresses through correct contemplation, one must reside in meditative concentration, using the four paths to suppress. This is present only in cultivation. However (Note #2: one text reads "reflection" instead of "however"), in the desire realm, by means of sitting meditation and so forth restraining the mind, afflictions are also suppressed. But that is only through hearing and reflection, not through contemplative wisdom. Therefore this is not suppression of afflictions through cultivation in the desire realm.
Regarding "If [the path] capable of cutting eliminates, up to 'not the desire realm'": "Because the *Mahāyānasaṃgraha* explains it as the supramundane calm-abiding and insight wisdom (*śamatha-vipaśyanā-jñāna*)": This is cited as textual evidence that elimination is only through contemplative wisdom. That is, the old *Mahāyānasaṃgraha* (Liang dynasty translation, fascicle twelve) says: "The wisdom of śamatha and vipaśyanā takes the totality of dharmas as its object-domain, and moment by moment is capable of destroying the accumulations of all afflictions." Regarding "The *Daśabhūmika-sūtra* says that eighth-ground bodhisattvas are all capable of reflection and retention, etc.": This is the text on the *Dharmameghā* (Cloud of Dharma) ground in the *Daśabhūmika-sūtra* (Note #2: *Daśabhūmikasūtra-śāstra* fascicle twelve). It explains the three wisdoms in terms of their separate meanings. Therefore that text says: "The *Dharmameghā* bodhisattva, at the innumerable Buddhas throughout the ten directions, illuminates the great Dharma, radiates the great rain of Dharma, and in a single moment of thought, entirely