英語訳
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Ninety-four
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror — Eliminating Obstacles Chapter
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Ninety-four
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All are capable of receiving, bearing, reflecting, and retaining. Vasubandhu's commentary says: "Because faith arises within it, one says 'receiving.' Because one receives the words and phrases taught, one says 'bearing.' Because one is capable of grasping the meaning, one says 'reflecting.' Because one retains both of these without losing them, one says 'retaining.'" The *Zuan* (*Weishi yi zhang*, Commentary on Consciousness-Only) says: "Receiving, bearing, reflecting, and retaining correspond in order to faith and the three wisdoms. The correspondence of the latter three (bearing, reflecting, retaining) is not in the treatise text, yet if one judges by principle, there is no error in the reasoning either. This is because in both text and meaning they all share the qualities of bearing, reflecting, and retaining." The sūtra, discussing the great stage (*Dharmameghā* ground) as a whole, explains the *Dharmameghā* ground, but in actual principle, even in the eighth and ninth grounds, one can do so accordingly in proportion. The present author's intention in citing the text by reasoning is why he says "eighth-ground bodhisattvas": by raising the beginning to reveal the end. The statement "because of explanation by principle one says 'capable'" means: although the substance of a single wisdom exists within a single moment, that which is capable of grasping the understanding of a teaching and seeking its meaning is called "wisdom from hearing (*śrutamayī-prajñā*)." That which deeply deliberates and weighs, placing principle first and text second, is called "wisdom from reflection (*cintāmayī-prajñā*)." That which, within these two, is capable of realization and is brilliantly manifest is called "wisdom from cultivation (*bhāvanāmayī-prajñā*)." Since the wisdom of a saint is swift, and in the wisdom of a single moment it is distinguished into three by way of meaning, in reality there is no separate substance. Therefore it says "because of explanation by meaning one says 'capable.'" This is precisely the intention of the commentary-treatise (Vasubandhu's commentary). "What would prevent hearing and reflection from also being capable of suppressing and eliminating?" — this is the author's own view.
Regarding "Fourth, the three wisdoms, up to 'as already discussed earlier'": The "three wisdoms" refers to the three wisdoms of preparatory wisdom (*prayoga-jñāna*), fundamental wisdom (*mūla-jñāna*), and subsequently-attained wisdom (*pṛṣṭha-labdha-jñāna*). The old master Kuiji says: "In the *Sarvāstivāda* school and in the *Satyasiddhi* school, regarding the wisdom that eliminates fetters (*saṃyojana*), although they do not speak of the name 'preparatory wisdom,' the remedying wisdom corresponds precisely to the preparatory wisdom among the three wisdoms, and not to fundamental wisdom or subsequently-attained wisdom. In the present Mahāyāna school, suppression is common to all three wisdoms, while elimination is not [the function] of preparatory wisdom."
Question: If preparatory wisdom only suppresses and does not eliminate, why does the *Abhidharmasamuccaya* say "preparatory practice is the antidote of elimination (*prahāṇa-pratipakṣa*), etc."?
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Answer: Because in accordance with cultivating the path of elimination (*prahāṇa-mārga*), afflictions are gradually suppressed, it is therefore called "elimination." This does not mean actual direct elimination (*sammukhī-prahāṇa*). Therefore there is no contradiction.
Question: If that is so, then the preparatory path (*prayoga-mārga*) above the eighth ground and so forth consists of the two wisdoms; therefore it is not the path of elimination.
Answer: Above the eighth ground, with regard to the two wisdoms, one speaks of preparatory practice in terms of meaning. In the present discussion by way of separate substance, since it is not the path of elimination, there is also no contradiction.
Regarding "The *Buddha-nature Treatise* says, up to 'called wisdom of no-arising'": This is a passage from the *Uttaratantra* (*Buddhagotra-śāstra*) fascicle three by Vasubandhu, the *Zong She Pin* (Chapter on Comprehensive Summation). Therefore that text, discussing the removal of the ālaya-vijñāna, says: "Since all samsāric karmic results take the ālaya-vijñāna as their root, as long as one has not separated from this consciousness, karmic results are not cut off. Within the dharma-body, because of two paths, the two temporal [existences] are completely extinguished — therefore it speaks of 'extraction and removal.'" Explanation: "Two paths" means: First, the wisdom of non-discrimination (*nirvikalpa-jñāna*) is capable of extracting and removing present delusion, and making the dharma-body pure — this is called "exhaustion-wisdom (*kṣayajñāna*)." Second, the wisdom subsequent to the wisdom of non-discrimination (*pṛṣṭha-labdha-jñāna*) is capable of causing future delusion to permanently never arise, and perfecting the dharma-body — this is the "wisdom of no-arising (*anutpādajñāna*)." "Extraction" means purifying by extinguishing present afflictions; "removal" means perfecting by cutting off future afflictions. Therefore it is called "extraction and removal." The present [discussion] takes the gist, so the passage is abbreviated. The *Zuan* explains: "According to the correct doctrine of Consciousness-Only (*vijñaptimātratā*), abandoning and cutting off karmic results occurs on the path of liberation (*vimuktimārga*). Therefore the extraction and removal of the fundamental consciousness here relies on exhaustion-wisdom and no-arising wisdom. Although the exhaustion-wisdom and no-arising wisdom in *Yogācārabhūmi* (Note #1: Yoga fascicle sixty-nine) (*Yang* fascicle twenty-six; *Duifa* fascicle ten) and so forth are common to mundane and supramundane [levels], here from the perspective of a single aspect: the exhaustion-wisdom that arises first is called 'non-discriminative,' and the no-arising wisdom that arises afterward is called 'subsequently-attained wisdom.' This does not contradict the various texts. Why go to the trouble of reconciling them?"
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Ninety-five
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror — Eliminating Obstacles Chapter
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Ninety-five
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Reconciliation.
Regarding "This is based on eliminating delusion, up to 'reconciliation is unnecessary'": This is precisely the text of the chapter's author. "This is based on the time of eliminating delusion about principle and phenomena (*mili-shi*), judging these two wisdoms at the initial and final great stages" means: relying on the wisdom attained when the cause of accumulation (*samudaya-hetu*) is exhausted, all are called "exhaustion-wisdom." Because it is the wisdom attained where the future fruit of suffering (*duḥkha-phala*) does not arise, it is called "no-arising wisdom." Because the cause of accumulation is cut off, the fruit of suffering does not arise. The stage of true seeing-path (*satya-darśana-mārga*) is present in nature; therefore when true wisdom arises, the cause of accumulation is immediately cut off. The stage of conceptual seeing-path (*sañjñā-darśana-mārga*) is future in nature; therefore when conventional wisdom arises, the fruit of suffering does not arise. Based on these two stages, one provisionally distinguishes two wisdoms. To discuss the truth, both wisdoms are both exhaustion-wisdom and no-arising wisdom.
"Furthermore, it is not an authoritative basis, etc.": Although this passage exists in the *Buddhagotra-śāstra*, upon examining the Sanskrit original, this explanation is absent. Therefore it is known that this was inserted by Paramārtha (*Zhendi*), and since it is not the actual treatise text, reconciliation is unnecessary. The old master Kuiji says: "The *Buddhagotra-śāstra*'s statement that 'subsequently-attained wisdom can eliminate future afflictions' is presumably about emerging from meditative contemplation and, in the path of superior progress (*viśeṣa-mārga*), contemplating from afar and blocking future afflictions — described as 'eliminating the future.' It is not uninterrupted elimination (*ānantarya-prahāṇa*). For a full account, see that master's commentary on the *Mahāyānasaṃgraha*."
Regarding "Fifth, the four foundations of mindfulness (*catvāri smṛtyupasthānāni*), up to 'not the individual aspect'": The four foundations of mindfulness refer to body (*kāya*), feeling (*vedanā*), mind (*citta*), and dharmas (*dharma*). All have wisdom as their substance. To contemplate the body as impure, to contemplate feeling as devoid of pleasure, to contemplate mind as impermanent, to contemplate dharmas as without self — these constitute the mode of cultivation. According to the *Sarvāstivāda* school, among the four foundations of mindfulness, it is the mindfulness of dharmas (*dharma-smṛtyupasthāna*) that eliminates all fetters (*saṃyojana*), and not the other three. The *Miscellaneous Abhidharma-hṛdaya* (Hīnayāna *Za xin*, fascicle five) says: "In cultivating wisdom one is complete with the four foundations of mindfulness. The mindfulness of dharmas therein can eliminate afflictions, because [dharmas] are a total domain (*sāmānya-viṣaya*). The other [foundations of] mindfulness are not so, because [body, feeling, mind] are particular domains (*viśeṣa-viṣaya*)."
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The *Mahāvibhāṣā* (*Boposa*, fascicle 185) and the *Abhidharmakośa* (*Jushe*, fascicle 23) are also in agreement with this explanation. According to the *Satyasiddhi* school: although the treatise does not specify that each individual foundation of mindfulness cures such-and-such afflictions, that treatise says "mindfulness cuts off the afflictions of the mind of conventional designations (*prajñapticitta*)." One should know that the four foundations of mindfulness together eliminate afflictions. Within the Mahāyāna school (Note #1: In the Mahāyāna, this is in *Abhidharmasamuccaya* fascicle ten; also *Yogācārabhūmi* fascicles ninety-eight and twenty-eight, etc., differ), only the single mindfulness of dharmas can eliminate afflictions — not the three [other] foundations of mindfulness. Within the mindfulness of dharmas there is the general and there is the specific. "General" refers to general-object attention (*sāmānyālambana-manaskāra*), which takes dharmas in general as its domain. "Specific" refers to specific-object attention (*viśeṣālambana-manaskāra*), which takes specific dharmas as its domain. The general-object mindfulness within the present mindfulness of dharmas can eliminate afflictions.
Regarding "General-object dharma-contemplation, up to 'constitutes contradiction'": "Empty-selflessness contemplation already has general-object [aspects], etc.": The wisdom of emptiness-selflessness (*śūnyatā-anātman-jñāna*) does not merely contemplate the truth of suffering (*duḥkha-satya*) and eliminate the afflictions associated with it below; it also extends to contemplating all dharmas in common, and is capable of eliminating all afflictions. The reason it is so is that the wisdom of emptiness-selflessness has two [types]: general-object and specific-object. "General-object" means taking all dharmas in general as object and making both selves empty (*dvayātman-śūnyatā*). "Specific-object" means taking only the truth of suffering as object and making the self upon it empty. The various treatises such as the *Abhidharmasamuccaya* all say: "Only general-object contemplation can eliminate all afflictions." The specific emptiness-not-self pertains to the truth of suffering. If one does not explain it this way — if one says that only the specific emptiness-not-self above the truth of suffering can eliminate afflictions — then this would contradict the various treatises. Therefore it says "if not so, [basing it] only on suffering would constitute a contradiction."
Question: If the wisdom of emptiness-selflessness eliminates afflictions, why does the *Abhidharmasamuccaya* say "only not-self wisdom alone can eliminate afflictions, etc."?
Answer: That [text] makes this statement based on eliminating delusion about principle and on eliminating [afflictions] as a whole through both [types].