英語訳
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror — Eliminating Obstacles Chapter
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(Continued from the previous page) ...because [the bodhisattva] eliminates [them] gradually across the grounds — hence [this is called entirely gradual elimination]. Third is elimination of indeterminate sudden-or-gradual [type] (*頓漸不定*), referring to the innate afflictions (*俱生煩惱*, *sahaja-kleśa*) within the six consciousnesses. The present statement "the underlying tendencies (*随眠*, *anuśaya*), etc., broadly comprise four categories, etc." reveals precisely the meaning of this third type — indeterminate sudden-or-gradual elimination. This is the first of those categories. Namely, among the two vehicles, those who are gradual-departure practitioners (*漸出離者*) and ordinary beings (*異生*, *pṛthagjana*), etc., eliminate [afflictions] in eighty-one grades [sequentially]. However, the view of self (*身見*, *satkāyadṛṣṭi*), the view of extremes (*辺見*, *antagrāhadṛṣṭi*), etc., are each eliminated only at the ninth grade of each ground, while all others are eliminated in nine grades each. This is precisely what treatise [fascicle] ten refers to when it says: "One category of two-vehicle practitioners eliminates the nine grounds of the three realms, one by one, gradually, in nine grades each, distinctly." These views of self and so forth are subsumed solely under the ninth grade. Only the two vehicles are capable of eliminating these; the contaminated (*有漏*, *sāsrava*) wisdom and the like of worldly ordinary beings are unable to suppress them, and hence [they cannot do so].
Regarding "The text 'Second, in accordance with how much [those afflictions] were suppressed [during the ordinary stage],' up to 'they are then eliminated sequentially' ": This second category refers to the afflictions of the lower eight grounds. In accordance with how much [those afflictions] were suppressed during the ordinary stage (*凡位*), when one subsequently enters the seeing path (*見道*, *darśana-mārga*), [those suppressed afflictions] are eliminated simultaneously in a sudden stroke together with those to be eliminated by the seeing path (*見所断*). As for the remainder that has not yet been suppressed, they are gradually eliminated within the cultivation path (*修道*, *bhāvanā-mārga*). The expression "not suppressed, not eliminated" means: what remains unsuppressed is not eliminated upon entering the seeing path, but only gradually eliminated upon reaching the cultivation path. What is called "the remainder that was not suppressed"? In terms of the maximum amount [remaining], it would be the afflictions of the non-perception ground (*非想地*, *naivasaṃjñānāsaṃjñāyatana*). In terms of the minimum category, it is indeterminate. Among the afflictions of the various grades within the [three] empty [concentrations] (*三空*) and below, [the sequential order] is determined by dividing [them] into grades accordingly; "after entering the seeing [path] they are then eliminated sequentially" means [they are] eliminated on the cultivation path (*修道斷*).
Regarding "The text 'Third, the nine grounds,' up to 'because [the practitioner] makes a sudden leap and transcendence' ": This third category means: the nine grounds are combined into nine grades, and eliminated distinctly grade by grade — like the sudden-departure practitioner (*頓出離者*) of the stream-enterer (*預流果*, *srota-āpanna-phala*), who gathers all nine grounds together into a single set of nine grades and eliminates them gradually in order, leaping directly to the non-learner (*無学*, *aśaikṣa*, i.e., arhat). This is precisely what treatise [fascicle] ten says: "One category of two-vehicle practitioners combines the nine grounds of the three
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realms into a single cluster of nine grades and eliminates them distinctly." Furthermore, the *Abhidharmasamuccaya* (*対法論*) [Note: fascicle thirteen (folio twelve, left)] says: "There are two types of stream-enterers: first, gradual [departure]; second, sudden [departure]. The sudden-departure practitioner, having entered the direct perception of the truths (*諦現観*, *satyābhisamaya*, i.e., the seeing path), relying on the concentration approaching the first dhyāna (*未至定*, *anāgamya-samādhi*), arouses the supramundane path (*出世間道*, *lokottara-mārga*), suddenly eliminates all afflictions of the three realms, eliminating grade by grade distinctly. Only two fruits are established: the fruit of stream-entry (*預流果*, *srota-āpatti-phala*) and the fruit of arhatship (*阿羅漢果*, *arhat-phala*)." [Commentary:] Having obtained the first fruit, one gathers together all the afflictions to be eliminated by the cultivation path (*修断煩惱*) in the eighty-one grades of the nine grounds, and employing the nine uninterrupted paths (*無間道*, *ānantarya-mārga*) and liberation paths (*解脱道*, *vimukti-mārga*), one is able to exhaust all outflows (*漏*, *āsrava*). [The elimination proceeds] like felling bamboo [by cutting along the nodes]. [Note: "破" in one manuscript reads "刈" (to cut down).] The path that eliminates the highest grade of the desire [realm] (*欲界上品*) is precisely the holy path (*聖道*, *āryamārga*) that eliminates the highest grade belonging to the summit of existence (*有頂*, *bhavāgra*, i.e., the non-perception realm). And so forth — one should understand that the same applies to the lowest of the lowest grades (*下下品*). Having eliminated six [grades] of the desire realm, [one proceeds to] eliminate the six [grades] of the eight grounds of the upper realms, but this is not called "[the fruit of] once-returner (*一来*, *sakṛdāgāmin*)." Having eliminated the nine grades of desire [realm afflictions], and the nine grades of the eight grounds of the upper realms also being exhausted, this is still not called "non-returner (*不還*, *anāgāmin*)." [This is because the practitioner] leaps suddenly from stream-entry (*預流*) to arhatship (*阿羅漢*).
Regarding "The text 'Fourth, the three realms,' up to 'because [the bodhisattva] does not eliminate afflictions [before then]' ": This fourth category means: bodhisattvas (*諸菩薩*), in the diamond-like concentration (*金剛心*, *vajropama-samādhi*), eliminate all eighty-one grades of innate afflictions (*俱生惑*, *sahaja-kleśa*) of the nine grounds of the three realms. During the causal stage of the ten grounds (*十地*, *daśabhūmi*), [those afflictions] are retained and not eliminated. This is because they do not obstruct [the attainment of each] ground — they obstruct only the buddha-fruit (*佛果*). Later, upon reaching the diamond[-like concentration], they are all suddenly eliminated at one time. This is precisely what treatise [fascicle] ten says: "The bodhisattva must necessarily arouse the diamond-like concentration (*金剛喩定*, *vajropama-samādhi*) and, within a single moment, suddenly eliminate [the afflictions of] the three realms." The *Zuanyao* (*纂要*) says: Among these four categories, the second [sub-]category has the principle (*義*) but no textual basis (*文*). The other three categories have both text and principle. I now maintain that this is not so. The *Xuányáng* (*顕揚聖教論*, *Mahāyānasaṃgraha-vyākhyā*) fascicle three says: "As for those on the path to once-returning (*一来向*, *sakṛdāgāmin-pratipanna*), there are those who, by means of the mundane path (*世間道*, *laukika-mārga*), have already doubled their departure from the craving of the desire realm (*欲界貪*), and enter the determination of right nature (*正性決*
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror — Eliminating Obstacles Chapter
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*定*, the seeing path)." From this it is clearly known that the second [sub-]category also has a reliable textual basis (*誠文*).
Question: Among the innate [afflictions] of the six consciousnesses, when upon entering the seeing path [those that were] previously suppressed are eliminated simultaneously together with those to be eliminated by the seeing path — for those that were suppressed beforehand this may well be so. But the views of self (*身見*) and extremes (*辺見*), etc., were not yet suppressed before that time. How then, by eliminating those, can one transcend and directly realize the fruit of non-returning (*不還*, *anāgāmin*)?
The *Zuanyao* says: There are five interpretations here. First: The seeing path does not eliminate those [views of self, etc.]. In this case of transcendence (*超越*), even after transcending the fruit, they are still not immediately eliminated. [They are eliminated] upon reaching the diamond-like concentration, together with the grasping of the seventh consciousness (*第七識*, *manas*), at one simultaneous moment — hence [this is so]. Second: After transcendently obtaining the fruit (*超得果*), one separately arouses a path and eliminates [them]. Since [they] already do not obstruct the [attainment of that] ground, why would they be called "the afflictions of that ground"? Just like the grasping of the seventh consciousness — this too, how would it be in conflict [with what has been said]? Third: At the time of transcendently obtaining the fruit, after the resemblance seeing path (*相見道*, *pratirūpaka-darśana-mārga*), without yet withdrawing from contemplation, one separately arouses the path of meritorious advance and applied effort (*勝進加行等道*) and eliminates what has not yet been suppressed, obtaining the third fruit. When various texts say that [fruits are] established by the sixteen minds (*十六心*), they are explaining [the case of] the first fruit (*初果*) and not the case of transcendence. Fourth: At the time of transcendently obtaining the fruit, immediately from the resemblance seeing path one enters the cultivation path (*修道*), and through the uninterrupted path (*無間道*) and liberation path (*解脱道*) eliminates what has not yet been suppressed, and then obtains that fruit. [This is so] because there is no room to separately arouse the applied-effort path (*加行道*). Fifth: At the time of transcendently obtaining the fruit, [all those afflictions] are eliminated simultaneously together with those eliminated by the seeing path. Even though the secular path (*俗道*) previously did not suppress self-grasping (*我執*, *ātma-grāha*), because the aspirational mind (*意楽*, *āśaya*) is superior, when one enters the seeing path, both the suppressed and the unsuppressed [afflictions] are simultaneously eliminated all at once. Hence one transcendently obtains the third fruit. Although there are five interpretations, the fifth is superior.
Regarding "The text 'However, within the six consciousnesses,' up to 'because their grades and categories are the same' ": The above section explained the elimination of underlying tendencies (*随眠*, *anuśaya*); the below section explains the elimination of habitual impressions (*習気*, *vāsanā*). Regarding the elimination of afflictive habits (*煩惱習*, *kleśa-vāsanā*) during the cultivation path of the ten grounds, there are two views. First: because afflictive habitual impressions perfume (*薫*, *vāsanā*) [i.e., infuse] the cognitive [obstructions] (*所知*, *jñeyāvaraṇa*), at the time of eliminating the cognitive [obstructions], those [habitual impressions] are also eliminated accordingly. [This is so] because they equally obstruct each ground.
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[Second:] Even if afflictions do perfume the cognitive [obstructions], the afflictive habits (*煩惱習*) existing across the ten grounds are extremely subtle, and so they become equal in force to the cognitive obstructions, equally obstructing [the realization of] dharma-emptiness (*法空*, *dharmanairātmya*). Hence [the bodhisattva] eliminates them during the ten grounds. "Because their grades and categories are the same" means: the afflictive habitual impressions (*煩惱習気*) of the first grade and the cognitive obstructions (*所知障*) of the first grade are of the same grade; and so on up to the ninth-grade afflictive habitual impressions and the ninth-grade cognitive obstructions, which are also of the same grade. Their forces are equal (*斉等*), and they equally obstruct the ten grounds, hence [they are called] "of the same grade and category."
Regarding "The text 'Within the seventh consciousness,' up to 'habitual impressions are likewise [the same]' ": The above section explained the obstructions of the six consciousnesses; the below section clarifies the obstructions of the seventh consciousness (*第七識*, *manas-vijñāna*). For those masters who teach "nine grades": each of the nine grounds has nine grades each, amounting to eighty-one grades when divided finely. For those masters who teach "one grade": the nine grounds are the same as only the ninth-grade affliction of the non-perception ground (*非想地*). Both these masters alike say that [what] the force [of the seventh consciousness obstructions] obstructs is equally equivalent to the lowest of the lowest-grade affliction of the summit of existence (*有頂下下品惑*), and hence in the diamond-like concentration they are all eliminated suddenly at once. Since the body of the obstruction (*障体*) is already thus, the habitual impressions are likewise [the same], and hence all are eliminated in one grade (*一品斷*).
Regarding "The text 'As for the cognitive obstructions,' up to 'the same as the afflictive [obstructions]' ": The above section explained the elimination of afflictive [obstructions] (*煩惱障*, *kleśāvaraṇa*); the below section explains the elimination of cognitive [obstructions] (*所知障*, *jñeyāvaraṇa*). Within this there are two [parts]: first, clarifying the six consciousnesses; then, from "as for the seventh consciousness" onward, clarifying the seventh consciousness. Within the first [part] there are two [sub-parts]: first, clarifying [the elimination of] discriminative [cognitive obstructions]; then, below the [passage] that says "within the sixth consciousness," explaining the innate [cognitive obstructions] (*俱生所知障*). This is the first [of those two sub-parts]. "One mind, three minds, etc." — as explained above. "Two-grade elimination (*二品斷*)" means: [the afflictions] are eliminated during the two moments of mind — the second [mind] and the third [mind] — in which dharma-grasping (*法執*, *dharma-grāha*) is eliminated, hence they are called "two-grade elimination."
Question: Among the three minds, how many are uninterrupted paths (*無間道*, *ānantarya-mārga*) and how many are liberation paths (*解脱道*, *vimukti-mārga*)?
[Answer:] There are two views. First, an ancient scholar says: the first two [minds] are uninterrupted [paths], and the last one [mind] is