英語訳
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror — Eliminating Obstacles Chapter
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【Upper Section】
(Continued from the previous page) ...[wisdom] has already arisen, [but] buddhahood has not yet been attained. According to the latter master, at the position of the uninterrupted path (*無間道*), the ripened consciousness (*異熟識*) is still present, and the great mirror-wisdom (*大円鏡智*) has not yet arisen. Only at [the position of] the liberation path (*解脱道*) does the great mirror-wisdom first arise. The correct doctrine of Dharmapāla (*護法*) regards the latter [explanation] as superior.
Regarding "The text: The tenth question-and-answer, up to 'the explanations differ' ": Within this section there are eight rounds of question-and-answer. Among these, the second question comes from the *Mahāvibhāṣā* (*毘婆沙論*) [Note: fascicle sixty (folio fifteen right)]. The fourth question is the intention of the chapter's author (*章家*). The fifth question comes from the *Abhidharmasamuccaya* (*対法論*) [Note: appears in *Abhidharmasamuccaya* fascicle seven (folio ten left)] and others. The remaining six question-and-answers all come from the *Yogācārabhūmi* (*瑜伽論*). Among the six question-and-answers, the first and third come from fascicle fifty-eight of the *Yogācārabhūmi*. The remaining four question-and-answers come from fascicle fifty-nine. The text of that [fascicle] says: "Furthermore, how can one eliminate (*断*) afflictions (*煩悩*)? Up to what point should one say that afflictions have already been eliminated? Starting from which afflictions can one say that all afflictions have been eliminated? Is it sudden (*頓*) or gradual (*漸*)? How does one sequentially eliminate all afflictions? Are there several kinds of the elimination of afflictions? After afflictions have been eliminated, what characteristics are present? What excellent benefits are there in eliminating all afflictions?" Altogether there are eight questions. In the present text, only four questions are briefly raised. [The reader should] proceed to the text and make the appropriate correspondences. The present statement "among the three times (*三世*), regarding which [time] is elimination (*断*) spoken of?" is precisely the question from fascicle fifty-eight of the *Yogācārabhūmi*. Since this passage is entirely absent from fascicle fifty-nine, [we know] fascicle fifty-eight says: "Question: Is it [the afflictions of] the past that are eliminated? Is it [the afflictions of] the future? Is it [the afflictions of] the present?" The details are as that text explains. Regarding "[the schools of] Sarvāstivāda (*薩婆多*) and others explain it differently": According to the Sarvāstivāda [Note: *Abhidharmakośa* fascicles twenty-three (folio eleven left) and twenty-one (folio eleven left)], at the time of the uninterrupted path, the [karmic] acquisition (*得*) of afflictions is still present. If there were no present acquisition (*現得*), there would be nothing to be eliminated. For this reason, the uninterrupted path eliminates the present acquisition. According to the Sautrāntika (*経部*) school, at the time of the uninterrupted path, the seeds (*種子*) of the afflictions to be eliminated should [naturally] fail to arise when they are due to arise. This is called the elimination [of seeds]. [This is] broadly the same as the Mahāyāna. The intent of this present question is: within the Mahāyāna school, the two [non-present] times (*二世*, past and future) have no substantial existence, and the present does not co-exist with the path — so how can [elimination] be called "elimination"? Hence [the text] says "among the three times, regarding which [time] is elimination spoken of?"
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Regarding "The text: 'Now, depending on the Mahāyāna,' up to 'what further is there to eliminate?' ": This passage is entirely absent from fascicle fifty-nine [of the *Yogācārabhūmi*]. It is only found in fascicle fifty-eight. The text of that [fascicle] therefore says: "Question: Is it [the afflictions of] the past that are eliminated? Is it the future? Is it the present? Answer: It is not that the past, future, or present is eliminated. Yet [one can say that] the three times are eliminated." And so on, broadly explained. [This passage] is entirely the same as what is cited here. In the present text, from "it is not that the past, future, or present is eliminated" up to "therefore regarding all three times, elimination can be spoken of" — all of this is the text of the [*Yogācārabhūmi*] treatise. "It is not that the past, future, or present [is eliminated], etc." — the past has already ceased, the future has not yet arisen, and the present does not abide [even for a moment]. None of these can be eliminated. Hence [the text] says "it is not that the past, future, or present is eliminated." This [Note: the passage from "this, with respect to..." onward represents the full text of the *Yuishiki-ronki* (*唯識論倫記*), fascicle sixteen, lower (folio ten left)] is said with respect to dharmas that arise through dependent causation (*依他起*), which arise and cease rapidly like conjured illusions and hence cannot be eliminated. One should also say that "within the ultimate truth (*勝義諦*), all dharmas are like suchness (*真如*) and hence there is nothing to be eliminated." However, with respect to the continual succession within a single person's [mental] stream (*一身前後相続*), it is precisely the power of the noble path (*聖道力*) that enables the foundational consciousness (*本識*, i.e., the ālayavijñāna) in those three times to become free of latent tendencies (*随眠*, *anuśaya*) — hence [the text] again says "[one] eliminates [afflictions of] the three times." Therefore the *Daśabhūmika* [Sūtra] (*十地経*) says: "Not the first, not the middle and last — because [what is taken] is the past, present, and future." "Because the mind of the past that has latent tendencies ceases naturally" etc. — if the past has already ceased, it ceases naturally without waiting for causes and conditions. This is because it ceases naturally [on its own]. The future has not yet assembled the conditions for arising. The present dharmas do not abide even for a single moment. Taken to their ultimate conclusion, none of these can be eliminated. Hence [the text] says "what further is there to eliminate?"
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror — Eliminating Obstacles Chapter
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Regarding "The text: 'Moreover there are latent tendencies,' up to 'also not what is to be eliminated' ": This clarifies that the defiled mind (*染心*) and the pure mind (*浄心*) cannot combine (*和合*), and that [the defiled mind] is also not what is to be eliminated. In general, combination (*和合*) has two [kinds]. First: spatial combination (*方所和合*), like an axe cutting wood. Second: combination of actual [physical] things (*実物和合*). The causes (*因*) of dharmas are like the two minds of wisdom (*解*) and affliction (*惑*): [the first kind] is not applicable, and the second kind [requires that things be] substantially existent objects. [But] since [dharmas] arise through conditions [and are] like illusions and transformations, there is no combination of actual things. By virtue of this principle, [elimination] cannot be said to occur. Hence [the text] says "the present is also not what is to be eliminated."
Regarding "The text: 'However, following the words of others,' up to 'one should understand [this] according to the principle' ": The above [section], from the perspective of negation (*遮門*), [established] that [elimination] is not the elimination of the three times. The following [section], from the perspective of affirmation (*詮門*), [establishes] that it is possible to speak of eliminating the three times. "Words of others (*他言音*)" refers to the teaching of a good friend (*善友*). "Right attention (*正作意*)" means attention in accordance with principle (*如理作意*). "Right view (*正見*)" means the uncontaminated wisdom (*無漏慧*) free of conceptual construction (*無分別*). That is: within the continuum of the path [of practice], the antidotal path (*能治道*) arises, the mind to be counteracted (*所治心*) ceases, and in the present there are no latent tendencies. Extending over past and future, [the text] speaks of "eliminating [afflictions of] the three times." At the very moment when this antidotal mind (*能治心*) arises, the mind to be counteracted (*所治心*) ceases — [the two are] perfectly equal (*平等平等*), like the two pans of a scale going up and down simultaneously. That arising is simultaneous with ceasing: this is one kind of equality. That ceasing is simultaneous with arising: this is another kind of equality. Therefore "equal, equal (*平等平等*)" is said twice. Just as in the mundane world, when light arises darkness ceases — when wisdom (*解*) arises and affliction (*惑*) ceases, the principle is likewise. Hence [the text] says "one should understand [this] according to the principle of the antidote arising and [afflictions] ceasing."
Regarding "The text: '[When] right view is associated [with the mind],' up to 'regarding all [three times] elimination can be spoken of' ": The meaning of this [passage] is to say: "Because, with respect to the continual succession in a single person's [mental] stream, through the power of cultivating the noble path (*聖道*), the foundational consciousness (*本識*) and others are enabled to become free of latent tendencies (*随眠*) in all three times — [elimination] is called 'eliminating [afflictions of] the three times.'" However, based on this passage, there are two interpretations from the Western [Indian] masters. First [Note: see *Vijñaptimātratā-śāstra* fascicle three (folio nine right); Commentary (*疏*) fascicle three, main text (folio three left); fascicle three, end, folios five and six]: Nanda (*難陀*), Jinamitra (*勝軍*), and other masters say: "Within a single moment (*刹那*), two [sub-]moments [*二時*] are admitted" — namely the arising phase (*生相*) and
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the abiding phase (*住相*). According to that interpretation, when the seeds of what is to be counteracted (*所治種子*) are in the arising phase, the subsequent uninterrupted path is still in the future. When the seeds of the obstructing affliction to be counteracted have reached the abiding phase, the uninterrupted path is precisely in the arising phase. By this [reasoning], when the antidotal path is precisely present, it can eliminate the affliction seeds that exist in the present. When the uninterrupted path is in the abiding phase, the affliction seeds have already ceased and are in the ceasing phase — that is to say, [they have become] past. Second: Dharmapāla (*護法*) and others say: "Within a single moment, [the existence of] before and after [i.e., arising and abiding phases as distinct sub-moments] is not admitted." By this [reasoning], when the path is in the arising phase, the affliction seeds to be counteracted are already in the ceasing phase. Since arising and ceasing are equal [in time], [the text] says "like the two pans of a scale going up and down." "The wholesome and indeterminate (*無記*) minds and so on that are included within mundane [existence]": Question — the wisdom and so on possessed by the person who has eliminated latent tendencies is entirely uncontaminated (*無漏*). How then does [the text] now speak of "indeterminate (*無記*) minds"? Answer: When [one] is in meditative observation (*観*), the mind is solely uncontaminated (*無漏*). However, after emerging from meditative observation, [the mind] may be either wholesome or indeterminate. Since [the current text] is speaking with respect to the state after emerging from meditative observation, [the two statements] do not contradict each other.
Regarding "The text: 'Question: The afflictions to be eliminated,' up to 'one who has progressed [and] accomplished [the path] may fall back' ": This question arises based on [the issue of] afflictions (*煩悩*). Therefore that treatise [Note: *Mahāvibhāṣā* (*婆娑論*) fascicle sixty (folio fifteen right)], fascicle sixty, says: "If a person uses this path [of holiness] to eliminate the fetters (*結*) of the desire realm, and then falls back from this path, does [that person] again come to be bound by those fetters? And so on, elaborated at length." The meaning of [falling back and] not falling back is as that broad explanation [states]. "Abiding in the immovable (*不動*), etc." and "not falling back (*不退*), etc." — the establishment of six [spiritual] lineages (*六種姓*) differs between the Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna schools. According to the *Abhidharmasamuccaya* (*対法論*), only six types are established: namely, the [spiritual] lineage of falling back (*退法性*) through to the immovable [lineage] (*不動法性*). "The lineage of falling back (*退法性*)" refers to the most inferior among those of dull faculties (*鈍根*). Those who fall back when they encounter [certain] conditions [Note: "pas (過)" is probably a miswriting of "encounter (遇)"] are called the "lineage of falling back." That is, those of dull faculties, whether they are wandering and distracted, or whether they are contemplating, or whether they are not contemplating, will invariably lose the "dwelling in present-life bliss" (*現法楽住*) [i.e., the joy of meditative absorption]. This is [the loss of] the joy of worldly meditation (*世間静慮*), not falling back from the holy dharmas (*聖法*). Those of the "contemplating lineage (*思法性*)" fear the certain loss of "dwelling in present-life bliss" and constantly [...]