英語訳
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One hundred and sixty-eight
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Great Elements and Derived Matter Chapter
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One hundred and sixty-eight
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[they are] named "equal activity." Mutually assisting each other, each able to serve as cause, hence named "equal activity cause." Great [elements] are not mind etc., hence facing derived [matter] there is no corresponding cause. Various defilements of seeing and cultivation universally pervade defiled realms, able to increase their power, named "universal cause." Great [elements] are not afflictions, hence lacking this cause.
From "derived matter facing greats" to "able to attract greats": Below there are two explanations. This is the first explanation. First, productive causes etc. - it's not only that greats facing derived matter have this productive [cause], but also derived [matter] facing greats is not without this cause. The reason for this is that this productive cause is broad and non-obstructing. Second, simultaneous causes etc. - following their clusters, whether one productive great [element] or one derived matter also necessarily co-operate. Mutually assisting, not obtaining separation. Depending on this majority [principle], it explains that great elements and derived [matter] mutually do not separate, not obtaining colors that are not created by greats. Productive and produced mutually become causes and mutually become results. [This is] not the meaning of obtaining the same result. Hence having this cause. The reason for this is that productive and produced uniformly do not separate. Third, retribution causes etc. - causes extend to wholesome and unwholesome, results are only neutral. This is named retribution cause. That is, depending on bodily and verbal wholesome-unwholesome karmic seeds, able to sense retribution's four great elements. The reason for this is that these retribution causes are conditioned wholesome-unwholesome seeds. If neutral-natured nominal seeds producing retribution are similar-type causes, not retribution causes. Derived matter facing great elements becoming retribution causes is to manifest this meaning. Hence saying "disciplinary non-disciplinary meaning" - able to attract great elements. And concentration-accompanied precepts - taking only concentration precepts and
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not indicating no-outflow precepts is because no-outflow does not sense retribution results. By this one should know that now saying "concentration-accompanied precepts" takes only conditioned concentration-accompanied precepts, not taking no-outflow concentration-accompanied precepts. No-outflow does not sense retribution results.
From "or becoming four causes" to "the rest can be known": This is the second explanation. The reason for adding similar-type causes is that similar-type causes have two [types]: First, causal-condition inclusion, like seeds facing manifestations, seeds facing seeds, etc. Second, non-causal-condition inclusion, like manifestations facing manifestations, etc. Derived matter facing great elements having similar-type causes means manifestations mutually facing become similar-type causes. Saying "like引发" means using similar-type causes to obtain equal-flow results has two types. First, similar-types included in arising causes equally obtain equal-flow results. As Yogācāra treatise sixty-six says: "Arising causes having equal-flow results are named result-having dharmas." Using this text to prove both simultaneous and successive [relations] are all similar-type causes. Second, similar-type causes included in引发causes obtain equal-flow results. As the treatise says: "Using previous seed-produced results facing later seed-attracted results, named引发causes obtaining equal-flow results." Hence knowing: manifestations' successive mutual-facing are also similar-type causes. Now indicating similar-type causes obtaining equal-flow results in later引发causes, hence saying "like引发causes." "The rest can be known" means those derived matters are not mind and mental factors, hence lacking corresponding causes. Not being affliction-natured, hence lacking universal causes. These distinctions are as explained in the previous [section on] greats facing derived [matter]. Hence not further distinguishing. Hence saying "the rest can be known."
From "this explains same-world" to "not different worlds": From here below explains great-derived meaning regarding worlds. Within this are two [parts]: first indicating one's own school, later from "hence should only be like what's explained here" below, generally concluding one's own school while
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Great Elements and Derived Matter Chapter
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One hundred and sixty-nine
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simultaneously distinguishing Hīnayāna. In initially indicating one's own school are two [parts]: first clarifying same-world creation meaning, later from "only disciplinary [precepts]" below clarifying different-world creation meaning. This is the initial [part]. In Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna both explain same-world different-world creation meaning. The two schools explain similarly but meanings differ. Hīnayāna's explained same-world creation and different-world creation meanings are as extensively explained in *Vibhāṣā* one hundred thirty-two. Now in this chapter only Mahāyāna meaning is explained. All resistant derived matters etc. are necessarily same-world created, not different-world created. All non-resistant non-manifest matters etc. are also different-world created, not necessarily same-world. As previously explained, greats facing derived matter have only three causes, derived matter facing greats also becoming three causes - this only refers to resistant derived matters in various cluster-locations and present-world non-resistant non-manifest matters etc., explaining having three causes. Hence saying "this explains same-world, not separate-world creation." Saying "depending on locations and existing etc." - "locations" means cluster-locations like stones, gems, etc. Hence *Abhidharma* treatise volume four says: "Like four great elements and derived matters, following what's appropriate, not all clusters definitely having four greats and matter-derived [elements]. If at that location having such quantity, these necessarily arise simultaneously, mutually inseparable." Already saying "if at that location having such quantity," clearly knowing locations are cluster-locations.
From "only disciplinary matters" to "great-derived both wholesome": This second [part] clarifies different-world creation meaning. "Only disciplinary matters" - "only" means distinguishing-maintaining meaning. Distinguishing away resistant matters etc. in same-world creation, maintaining non-resistant matters etc. in different-world creation. Hence indicating the word "only." Non-manifest dharmas - depending on precept-wholesome power, seven non-[virtues] do not arise. Prevented non-[virtues] are named "non-manifest." Already following what's prevented, provisionally named matter.
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Hence following their prevented great-derived [elements]. Those prevented non-[virtues] exist in past worlds; these preventing precepts exist in present worlds. Hence past greats immediately create present matters, thus also extending to different-world creation. Conditioned form-sounds being only neutral-natured etc. - this temporarily regarding retribution causes manifests different-world creation meaning. Now saying "conditioned form-sounds being only neutral-natured" follows above, fully stating "conditioned form-sounds being only neutral-natured, provisional natures extending to three [natures]." Hence above in the essence-determination section says "conditioned derived matters being only neutral-natured, provisional natures extending to three." Hence knowing the text is abbreviated. Wholesome-unwholesome derived matters facing neutral greats immediately become retribution causes. Previous-world created karma later senses those results. Commentary volume one says: Retribution has many meanings. First, transforming and ripening - essentially when causes transform, results then ripen. This meaning extends to others; when seeds produce results, all transform. Second, different-time ripening - different time from causes, results then ripen. Present Mahāyāna regarding creation time, not regarding seed-essence, permits same-world. Third, different-type ripening - different nature from causes, results recompense causes. Now in this chapter, derived matter facing greats becoming retribution causes explains according to the second different-time ripening named retribution. Non-manifest matters also different-world created. Other resistant matters should be known by analogy. This meaning is profound and subtle; scholars should contemplate.
From "hence should only be like" to "past-future being non-existent": From here below is the second [part], generally concluding one's own meaning while distinguishing Hīnayāna. According to Sarvāstivāda, three-world various matters each same-world created, and following what's appropriate also different-world created. *Vibhāṣā* one hundred thirty-two says: "Also wanting to prevent those saying great elements and derived matter are necessarily same-world," manifesting different-worlds exist. Due to these causes and conditions, this treatise is composed. Various existents