英語訳
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Sixteen
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Various Vehicles Chapter
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Sixteen
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The text already explains "causing all śrāvakas of indeterminate seed-nature to generate this mind." Clearly it can be known that the chapter master also has distinctions.
The text "After hundreds of thousands of kalpas... because of that nirvāṇa" - This is where the chapter master quotes other scriptural passages to further explain the characteristics of responsive transformation. The second version of the Compendium completely lacks this passage. The tenth volume of the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, ninth fascicle, general chapter verse says: "Attaining the samādhi of cessation, not awakening for immeasurable kalpas. This is the concentration of śrāvakas, not of my bodhisattvas. Like departing from various subsidiary afflictions, depending on the bondage of habitual afflictions and intoxication with the pleasant realm of samādhi, dwelling in that uncontaminated realm. Like worldly intoxication with wine - after it dissipates, one awakens. That person is also thus, later attaining my Buddha-dharma and Buddha-body." This is explained in detail there. Now this excerpt and the text explaining responsive transformation characteristics seem somewhat different, but their meanings are largely the same. Scholars should collate [the texts].
The text "Ten: because of ultimacy... because it is most supreme" - This is the eighth ultimate intent. Vasubandhu's commentary says: "Only this one vehicle is most ultimate. Beyond this there is no other superior vehicle. In the śrāvaka vehicle, etc., there are other superior vehicles - namely the Buddha vehicle. Through this intent, all Buddha-bhagavats proclaim the one vehicle." The Ornament treatise says: "Because of ultimacy means reaching the Buddha-essence with no further place to go, therefore explaining one vehicle." Thus, in various scriptures, through these eight intents, Buddha explains one vehicle. This also does not mean there are no three vehicles. The explanation says: These eight intents generally show that explaining one vehicle in various places has distinct intents. Not all are as the text [literally states], therefore this is implicit meaning. The first two intents separately show the eight intents
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are for encompassing two categories, distinguishing the objects of transformation, therefore the one vehicle is not implicit. Therefore the old commentary says: "The former verse explains one vehicle through definitive meaning; the latter verse explains one vehicle through implicit meaning."
The text "In the Lotus commentary... being called one with becoming Buddha" - This is the chapter master's text. Saying "the first, second, and small portion of the eighth" means: within the eighth intent, taking the indeterminate śrāvakas who properly receive prophecy, not taking the bodhisattvas who receive prophecy with the same name, therefore called "small portion." "The remaining six types of small portions explain one vehicle through distinct meanings" - some texts say "remaining eight types." Following that statement, it could specifically say "remaining seven types, eighth small portion." The Compilation says: The chapter master's explanation says "the remaining are the first two among ten, and the eighth small portion." But the sūtra commentary says "responsive transformation is the ninth meaning and remaining small portions." That is, taking all of the ninth and small portions from the remaining seven. This explanation has no problems. If saying "remaining eight," since the ninth is already taken entirely, the remainder would only be seven. How could one say eight? Therefore, following this explanation, the principle seems incorrect. Now rescuing this, it says: Collating various chapter texts, most texts all say "responsive transformation is the ninth," not saying "remaining eight small portions." Why add extra text and create false difficulties? He also objects, saying: "Also the sixth intent is precisely indeterminate yet not taken. Why not the indeterminate sixth, etc." He correctly states himself: The explanation of eight intents is one, all for two categories - namely indeterminate-nature śrāvakas and bodhisattvas. The first two show their objects of transformation; the latter eight show their intents. Therefore the Ornament says: "For the two indeterminate, buddhas explain one vehicle." Therefore we know the eight intents each pervade for two categories. Now rescuing this, it says: The reason for not taking the sixth despite being indeterminate is precisely
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Seventeen
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Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror - Various Vehicles Chapter
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Seventeen
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because it concerns prophecy, therefore not taking it. If so, one should also not take the second, because this assembly does not explain bodhisattva prophecy. The explanation says: There are two [types of] indeterminate. First: those who have already practiced great practices but wish to retreat from them. Second: those who have great nature but have never practiced the great [vehicle]. The first is the second [intent]; the latter is the sixth. The fundamental intent of the Lotus is precisely for the second, therefore excluding the sixth. Now only taking the first two and eight uses the remaining ones through distinct meanings to clarify one vehicle. Because it does not juxtapose the indeterminate, it does not take them.
The text "Xiāngyáng twenty... no need for separate explanation" - Some texts lack this passage. This can be known through collation. The mutual inclusion and correspondence of six causes and ten meanings are as before. The first increase-decrease gate.
The text "However, the Lotus Sūtra... the vehicle as real" - Below this, briefly following six pairs, it shows the distinctions of the two sūtras explaining one vehicle. This is the first pair of other-speech and self-speech. Within this, first briefly quoting text to clarify the expedient and real, then properly contrasting with bodhisattvas to distinguish their differences. This first quotes Lotus text. Examining Lotus Sūtra volume four, it says: "All bodhisattvas' anuttara-bodhi all belong to this sūtra," etc. "Opening the gate of expedients, revealing the real characteristic," etc. The explanation says: In the great bodhi dharma, there are causes and effects, near direct causes and distant indirect causes. "Opening the gate of expedients" encompasses the distant and indirect - formerly explaining the teachings, principles, practices, and fruits of the two vehicles. "Revealing real characteristics" encompasses the near and direct - now explaining the teachings, principles, practices, and fruits of one vehicle. Whether distant or near, the teachings, principles, practices, fruits, cognitive characteristics, cognitive nature, and five types of wisdom all belong to this sūtra. These causes and effects cannot be overcome except by Buddha. Now for bodhisattvas,
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opening and showing their source, therefore saying "opening the gate of expedients, revealing real characteristics." "Taking the two vehicles as expedient," etc. - this is the chapter master's text, explaining and completing the sūtra text. In the Lotus assembly, to attract the indeterminate, contrasting with distant indirect causes, taking one vehicle as real. If investigating principle thoroughly, the Lotus one vehicle is expedient, not real. The reason for this is that in the Śrīmālā assembly, pointing to the Lotus intent, it says "expediently explaining there is one vehicle." If so, why is it included in the third period? Within this meaning, effort should be applied.
The text "According to the Śrīmālā Sūtra... because of not becoming Buddha" - This later quotes Śrīmālā text to prove the Lotus one vehicle is expedient. That sūtra's explanation of "entering one vehicle" is the chapter's text. Following that intent and desire, explaining one without two, like the Lotus, etc. Following the indeterminate intent, explaining one without two. Śrīmālā reconciles this saying "because of expedient explanation," saying "following that intent and desire, expediently explaining, etc." Now the intent of quoting text is: the Lotus Sūtra, etc. explaining one vehicle is other-dependent speech - because it is appropriate for them to hear, this is expedient explanation, not for the real. The reason for this is that determinate-nature two vehicles and those without [Buddha-]nature do not achieve Buddhahood.
The text "The Lotus assembly... also not contradictory" - This properly contrasts to explain distinctions. The Lotus mostly aims to attract and gather the indeterminate, showing one as real and explaining two as expedient. Śrīmālā's principle comprehensively provides for all spiritual capacities, distinguishing four as real and clarifying one as expedient. The reason for this is: only explaining one vehicle, not establishing other vehicles - this is Buddha's expedient explanation, naming it