英語訳
【Right Page】
【Outside frame, upper right】192
【Outside frame, upper right horizontal】Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror — Great Elements and Derived Forms Chapter
【Outside frame, lower right horizontal】192
【Upper Section】
All of these eleven forms interpenetrate each other and combine to form a single location, with no separate locations [for each]. This is the meaning of "same-location non-separation" (*tóng chù bù xiāng lí*, 同処不相離). As for the statement "within a single *āṇa*-form there are eight" — this refers to the four great elements and the four primary sense-qualities (*sì chén*, 四塵; i.e., form, fragrance, flavor, and tangibility). As for "adding sound to make nine" — if within a single *wēi* (微, atom/*aṇu*) there is sound, that sound is precisely what is heard by those with the divine ear (*divyaśrotra*, 天耳), by wheel-turning kings (*cakravartin*, 輪王), and by last-body bodhisattvas (*zuìhòu shēn púsà*, 後身菩薩).
From the text "Or [the seven items:] eye, body, earth [etc.]..." to "...combined to form an *āṇa*" — This section, based on the seven items, clarifies the meaning of non-separation while at the same time excluding (*jiǎn*, 簡) the positions of other schools. The seven items — eye, body, earth-element, and so forth — mutually regard each other, interpenetrate each other, and dwell in one identical location. This is the meaning of "same-location non-separation." As for the statement "one cause and one effect dwelling together in one location" — using this textual passage as evidence: since among those seven items there are six produced forms (*suǒ zào*, 所造), there are correspondingly also six earth-[great-elements] within the producing earth great-element (*nénɡ zào dì dà*, 能造地大). Yet [the text] speaks of them collectively as "earth" because the meaning [expressed by each instance of] earth is equivalent. If this were not so, there would be one cause and six effects — how then could one speak of "one cause and one effect"? Because when the six producing [earth-elements] are set in relation to the six produced [forms], each [pair] forms a one-to-one cause-and-effect relationship, [the text] establishes [the principle of] "one cause and one effect dwelling together in one location." "Unlike the Sarvāstivāda school (*sǎpódùzōng*, 薩婆多宗) and similar [schools]" — In the Sarvāstivāda school, ultimate atoms (*paramāṇu*) are each separately [distinct] yet form a single aggregate (*saṃcaya*, 聚) together; ultimate atoms with mutually differing substances (*tǐ*, 体) aggregate to form color-aggregates (*rūpa-saṃcaya*, 色聚) and so forth. Moreover, Sautrāntika masters (*jīng bù shī*, 経部師) [hold that] small [particles] accumulate to form larger [wholes]. If the system were as [these] schools [hold], the ultimate atoms of the various forms would dwell in two separate locations. [In that case,] the three kinds of non-separation — same-location and so forth — would all have no distinction from each other. Now [this text] excludes such positions, hence the phrase "unlike [these schools], etc."
From the text "In the present Mahāyāna..." to "...non-separation" — If one follows the Hīnayāna and similar [positions], ultimate atoms (*paramāṇu*) are held to exist [as discrete entities] from the outset, their substance being real and constantly dwelling together in a single location, and yet each distinct in substance. In the present Mahāyāna [position] [cf. Annotation 1: *Yogācārabhūmi* fascicle three, initial [folio] verso],
【Lower Section】
ultimate atoms never arise [in isolation]. The treatise [states that] if [form] arises from its own seeds (*sva-bīja*, 自種), it necessarily arises in an aggregated (*jùjí*, 聚集) [form]. Whether fine, medium, or coarse — according to its size — it is precisely a single entity (*yī tǐ*, 一体), not a collection of distinct entities. For all of the great elements and derived forms, whether of the same class or different classes, there are no separate ultimate atoms; in accordance with whatever aggregate (*saṃcaya*, 聚) exists, all [elements] interpenetrate each other — this is what is called "non-separation." [To take the] example [of] when forms (*rūpa*, 色) and other [sense-qualities as] fine as an *āṇa* [are considered]: if [we consider things] in accordance with a faculties-free location (*anendriya*, 無根処), among the faculties-free forms there are eight *āṇa*-[units]; adding sound makes nine. If to these faculties-free forms one adds forms with [sense-]faculties, adding the body-faculty makes ten, and in accordance with the remaining faculties [it becomes] eleven. These various forms, in accordance with what is appropriate for each, dwell together in one location in greater or lesser number, mutually interpenetrating, with no difference in location. The reason why one can know that a single dust-particle location contains so many forms is that the sense-faculties can each extensively engage (*shòu yòng*, 受用) [their respective objects] in that [single location]: the eye sees form, the nose smells [and thus] fragrance [is found to] exist, the tongue tastes [and thus] flavor [is found to] exist, the body senses tangibility [and thus] tangibility [is found to] exist. Hence it is known that at the location of a single earth-element, all the [primary sense-]qualities are fully present; and depending upon the arising of faculty and consciousness (*indriya* and *vijñāna*), each cognizes its respective object (*viṣaya*, 境). Hence [the text] says "because the mind knows objects, it is thus, etc." This constitutes "same-location non-separation."
From the text "Harmoniously-mixed non-separation (*hé zá bù xiāng lí*, 和雑不相離)..." to "...intermixed non-separation (*zá bù xiāng lí*, 雑不相離)" — Regarding "harmoniously-mixed non-separation": the meaning of dwelling together in one location and interpenetrating each other is the same as the preceding "same-location non-separation." The chapter author's (*Kuiji's*) *Ga-shō* [fascicle two, folio 3] says: "Furthermore, 'same-location non-separation' (*tóng chù bù xiāng lí*) means that: in accordance with all the great-element ultimate atoms, whether with or without faculties, there exist corresponding ultimate atoms of all derived forms as appropriate, further interpenetrating each other and combining to form a single thing, with no separate ultimate atoms dwelling in two [separate] locations. 'Harmoniously-mixed non-separation' (*hé zá bù xiāng lí*) means that: this single great-element ultimate atom, together with all the remaining great elements and the [atoms of] derived [forms],
【Left Page】
【Outside frame, upper left】193
【Outside frame, upper left horizontal】Dharma Garden Meaning Mirror — Great Elements and Derived Forms Chapter
【Outside frame, lower left horizontal】193
【Upper Section】
— although [dwelling] together in one location — do not constitute a single entity (*yī tǐ*, 一体), because [their] natures (*xìng*, 性) are each separately [distinct], and because [their] functions (*yòng*, 用) are each different, from which it is known [they are] not a single nature. Because the sense-faculties can extensively engage [their respective objects] among them, and because [they] do not obstruct each other, it is known [they are] in one identical location — this is called 'same-location non-separation.' Because [their] natures are each separately [distinct], and because [their] functions are each different — [this is] called 'mixed' (*zá*, 雑). Because [they are in] one identical location — [this is] called 'harmonious' (*hé*, 和). There being no two [distinct] locations, [they] all depend [on dwelling in] one single place, though [their] substance (*tǐ*, 体) is nevertheless each separately [distinct]. (End of *shō* text.)"
*Question*: What is the distinction between these two [i.e., same-location non-separation and harmoniously-mixed non-separation]?
*Answer*: The meaning that the sense-faculties extensively function [in their respective domains] without mutual obstruction — this is the meaning of same-location non-separation. The meaning that [each element's] nature and function are each separately [distinct] while [their] location has no duality — this is the meaning of harmoniously-mixed non-separation. It does not mean the same as [the situation of] separating objects like sesame and beans, placing them together in one location, and calling their mutual intermingling "harmoniously-mixed non-separation." Hence [the text] says "however, one cannot say [such-and-such], etc."
From the text "Furthermore, explaining great elements and derived forms..." to "...not in one identical location" — This is the second explanation (*shuō*, 説). Now, among the four [primary sense-]qualities (*sì chén*, 四塵), the form-quality (*rūpa*, 色塵) along with the great elements and derived forms is called "of the same class (*tóng lèi*, 同類)," while the remaining [primary sense-]qualities in relation to this are called "of a different class (*yì lèi*, 異類)." The present [text] explains the meaning of harmoniously-mixed non-separation based on [the relationship between] great elements and derived forms of the same class, hence there are two distinctions [from the first explanation]. In the Hīnayāna and other schools, the ultimate atoms within same-class great elements and derived forms likewise dwell in two [separate] locations, and different-class [elements] are likewise [so conceived]. The present [text] excludes those [positions], hence it says: "Unlike those other schools [which hold that] same-class and different-class ultimate atoms are each separately [distinct] and not in one identical location."
From the text "Question: When the *vipāka* (*yì shú*, 異熟) [body] has..." to "...hence it is not identical to that [*vipāka*]" — This is the fifth question (*dì wǔ wèn*, 第五問). Both this question and its answer are texts from *Yogācārabhūmi* fascicle fifty-four [folio 17 verso]. Hence that text says: "Question: The *vipāka*-continuum (*vipāka-santāna*, 異熟相続) sometimes can be observed to also have growth and expansion (*zēnɡ zhǎnɡ guǎnɡ dà*, 増長広大). Why, then, is what the *vipāka*摂flow [i.e., the continuum of forms governed by karmic fruition] not identical to nutritional growth (*āhāra-ja*, 長養)? Answer: Because there separately exists a nutritional-growth continuum (*āhāra-santāna*, 長養相続) capable of subsuming (*shè*, 摂) and sustaining (*chí*, 持) the *vipāka-*等流's flow (*děng liú*, 等流);
【Lower Section】
hence in the present [existence] there is growth (*zēnɡ zhǎnɡ*, 増長). (End of treatise text.)"
*Explanation*: The chapter author's (*Kuiji's*) *Ga-shō* [fascicle fourteen, folio 26] says: "It is because the nutritional-growth flow (*cháng yǎng liú*, 長養流) nourishes and supports (*zī yǎng*, 資養) the *vipāka*-flow (*yì shú liú*, 異熟流) [that we can say:] there separately exists nutritional growth, and [this] nutritional growth is not identical to *vipāka*. (End of *shō* text.)"
Master Jing's (*Yuanjing's*, 景師) commentary says: "The intent of the question is as follows: The physical substance of *vipāka* (*yì shú*, 異熟) continuously carries on from before, and from the time of infancy (*yīng hái*, 嬰孩) through to the time of [full] growth, throughout [that period] sometimes one is fat in infancy and thin in childhood, or fat in childhood and thin in adolescence. Thus the *vipāka* substance also has growth. Why, then, does [the text] merely subsume [this under] *vipāka* [and say it] is not [therefore] immediately [identical to] nutritional growth? As for the statement 'because there separately exists a nutritional-growth continuum, etc.' — the intent of the answer is as follows: The form of *vipāka* [develops] from small to large — from the form of infancy through to the forms of childhood and so forth. When the *vipāka*-form of infancy [arises, it is] recompensing (*chóu*, 酬) [its] cause [i.e., the karmic deed that produced this rebirth], and therefore it is definitively not the case that [the *vipāka*-form itself,] borrowing from conditions (*yuán*, 縁), [causes one to be] fat or thin. [Rather,] simultaneously there separately exists a nutritional-growth [great-element's] faculty (*āhāra-ja indriya*, 長養根大), which, depending on present conditions, [causes one to be] either fat or thin. The *vipāka*-form of childhood, owing to the force of prior karma, is greatly different from before. The form in adolescence is yet larger than before — also owing to past karma (*sù yè*, 宿業). Nevertheless, within each individual stage (*wèi*, 位) there separately exists nutritional growth, which increases or decreases according to conditions. Moment by moment (*niàn niàn*, 念念, *kṣaṇa* by *kṣaṇa*) [the form] recompenses [its] cause: the smaller karmic fruition subsides of itself while the larger fruition-form increases. However, within each individual moment of the *vipāka*-continuum, there is a nutritional-growth form (*cháng yǎng sè*, 長養色) that accompanies and sustains (*fú chí*, 符持) the *vipāka* [form]. This nutritional-growth form, since at that time it depends upon conditions, has features (*xiāng*, 相) of being fat or thin, of increasing or decreasing. Hence it is not the case that *vipāka* itself [directly] has this nutritional growth [within it]. (End of *shō* text.)"
"Just as an outer wall (*wài guō*, 外墎) protects and reinforces an inner citadel (*nèi chéng*, 内城)" — This is a passage from the *Abhidharmakośa*. Hence that treatise's second fascicle [folio 9 verso] says: "The nutritional-growth continuum (*āhāra-santāna*, 長養相続) constantly protects and sustains the *vipāka*-continuum (*vipāka-santāna*, 異熟相続). It is just like an outer wall protecting and reinforcing an inner citadel." The present [text] quotes that passage to confirm (*zhèng*, 証) the intent of the *Yogācārabhūmi*.
From the text "Question: Is it [the case that] one [great element produces] four [primary sense-qualities]..." to "...or [does one great element] produce one [alone]?" — This is the sixth question (*dì liù wèn*, 第六問). The question is based on the *Mahāvibhāṣā* (*Pípó Shā lùn*, 婆沙論), and [continues on the following page].