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小野湖山翁小伝 - 翻刻

小野湖山翁小伝 - ページ 27

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                       二二 えて二十二日江戸よりいはゆる軍鶏駕籠(トウマルカゴ)(一に網乗物(あみのりもの)ともいひ恰も軍鶏(シャモ)の如く其顔のみを出す駕籠)を 以て護吏を附し、吉田に送られた。吁忽にして追放、忽にして拘禁、更に遠く藩地へ幽閉せたれたるも 翁一笑に附して問はず。只此時郷里の母堂已に七十歳を過ぎ、旧居に在りて翁を憶ふこと切なるの一事 は翁たる者豈愴然たらざるを得んや。           輿 中 口 占 (折二)   帖然拜命發都城。護送猶何比遂臣。不似從前遠遊日。旗亭例會舊交人。     《割書:      帖然命を拝して都城を発す。護送猶何ぞ遂臣に比す。似ず従前遠遊の日。旗亭旧交の人を例会するに。| 》   吾意雖勞吾脚閑。睡過鈴語馬聲間。何思湖海豪遊士。隔着發興看遠山。     《割書:      吾意労すと雖も吾脚閑なり。睡過す鈴語馬声の間。何ぞ思はん湖海豪遊の士。発興を隔着して遠山を見んとは。| 》 翁の護送に関して一挿話あり。翁は吉田幽閉の稍緩めるに際し、人生五十の一劃期に達したるを以て、 横山仙助を自ら小野侗之助に改むと云ふも。実は江戸より護送の乗輿に当時の慣例として木札を附し 「松平伊豆守預り罪人小野侗之助」と記したるが故に、皆その如何なる人なりやを解せず。勤王党も佐 幕派も軽々に看過した。其裏面には、藩主信古及藩の心ある有志が翁の無事に吉田に達せんことを考へ 態と変名せしめた周到の用意であつて、翁在世中此事は少しも語られなかつた。又一説によれば翁は吉 田へ送られたる後、幕命で「国元永押込」と云ふ処分を受たが、已に江戸では斬首せらるべき一人に数 へられてゐたを、藩主信古そこに機宜の方策を講じ、一は自藩より重罪人を出さゞる希望より、又一は、 師弟であり、藩儒として惜むべき士たる等事情を綜合し、乞ふて藩地に送つた事は、一に幽閉乃ち保護 を加へたのである。其一証は、後章(気骨徳性の項)に述るが如く、翁が息正弘に向ひ寿莚開く可らず と云ふ意志を述た中に「余は已に梟斬の刑にも処せらるゝ筈であるを僥倖にして然らざることを得たと は、藩主親しく余に語る所である」の一言がある。(翁の改名参照) 偖翻つて当時大検挙の模様を見るに、此事は多くの維新史其他に掲げられて已に周知の事実ゆゑ、詳記 する要もあるまじきが。幕府の決意を齎らして入洛した間部詮勝は、先づ妙満寺に館し、病気と称して 出でず。関白九條尚忠を介して是より先き徳川慶福を家茂将軍として立てた勅許を乞ひ。且つ水戸へ攘 夷の密勅を下された事に就ての抗議を提出したる後。疾風迅雷的に大検挙にとは着手した。苟くも幕政 を非議し、皇権の回復を謀り、水戸に党するの徒は容赦なく捉へて其多くを江戸に拉致し、惨刑極罰殆 と到らざるなく、総計実に一百数十名に及んでゐる、実に安政五年九月より起つた出来事で、乃ち之を 戊午の大獄と云ふ。今其重立た部分を記せば粟田口青蓮院宮は慎み永蟄居、鷹司右大臣父子、近衛忠凞 三條實萬は辞官、落飾、慎み、一條忠香、二條齊敬、近衛忠房、廣橋光成は各遠慮引籠、徳川齊昭は永 蟄居、一橋慶喜、尾張義恕は隠居慎み、水戸慶篤は差控へ、越前松平慶永、土佐山内豐信、宇和島伊達 宗城、老中堀田正睦、元老中太田資始は隠居慎み、を始とし水戸藩では家老安島帯刀は切腹、茅根伊豫 之助、鵜飼吉左衛門の死罪、同幸吉の獄門、鮎澤伊太夫の遠島、其他各宮家及諸藩に亘りては橋本左内 、賴三樹三郎、飯泉喜内、吉田松陰の各死罪より、遠島、重追放、中追放、所払、御役御免、永押込押                        二三

現代語訳

二十二 えて二十二日、江戸よりいわゆる軍鶏籠(とうまるかご)(一に網乗物(あみのりもの)ともいい、あたかも軍鶏(しゃも)のようにその顔のみを出す籠)を以て護送の役人を付けて、吉田に送られた。ああ忽然として追放、忽然として拘禁、さらに遠く藩地へ幽閉されたのであるが、翁は一笑に付して気に留めなかった。ただこの時郷里の母堂はすでに七十歳を過ぎ、旧居にあって翁を思うこと切なる一事は、翁たる者どうして愴然としないでいられようか。 輿中口占(その二) 帖然として命を拝し都城を発つ。護送されるのは何故遂臣に比すや。似ず従前遠遊の日に。旗亭で旧交の人と例会するに。 我が意は労するといえども我が脚は閑なり。睡り過ごす鈴語馬声の間を。何ぞ思わん湖海豪遊の士が。発興を隔着して遠山を見んとは。 翁の護送に関して一つの挿話がある。翁は吉田幽閉がやや緩められた際、人生五十の一画期に達したということで、横山仙助を自ら小野侗之助に改めるというが、実は江戸より護送の乗物に当時の慣例として木札を付け「松平伊豆守預かり罪人小野侗之助」と記したがゆえに、皆その如何なる人なりやを理解しなかった。勤王党も佐幕派も軽々に見過ごした。その裏面には、藩主信古及び藩の心ある有志が翁の無事に吉田に達することを考え、わざと変名させた周到な用意があって、翁在世中この事は少しも語られなかった。また一説によれば翁は吉田へ送られた後、幕命で「国元永押込」という処分を受けたが、すでに江戸では斬首されるべき一人に数えられていたのを、藩主信古がそこに機宜の方策を講じ、一つは自藩より重罪人を出さない希望より、また一つは、師弟であり、藩儒として惜しむべき士たる等の事情を総合し、請うて藩地に送ったことは、一つに幽閉すなわち保護を加えたのである。その一証は、後章(気骨徳性の項)に述べるごとく、翁が息子正弘に向かい寿宴を開くべからずという意志を述べた中に「余はすでに梟斬の刑にも処せらるる筈であったのを僥倖にしてそうならないことを得たとは、藩主親しく余に語る所である」の一言がある。(翁の改名参照) さて翻って当時大検挙の模様を見るに、この事は多くの維新史その他に掲げられてすでに周知の事実ゆえ、詳記する必要もあるまいが、幕府の決意を携えて入洛した間部詮勝は、まず妙満寺に館し、病気と称して出でず、関白九條尚忠を介してこれより先き徳川慶福を家茂将軍として立てた勅許を乞い、かつ水戸へ攘夷の密勅を下されたことについての抗議を提出した後、疾風迅雷的に大検挙には着手した。いやしくも幕政を非議し、皇権の回復を謀り、水戸に党する輩は容赦なく捉えてその多くを江戸に拉致し、惨刑極罰殆んど至らざるなく、総計実に一百数十名に及んでいる。実に安政五年九月より起った出来事で、すなわちこれを戊午の大獄という。今その重立った部分を記せば、粟田口青蓮院宮は慎み永蟄居、鷹司右大臣父子、近衛忠熙、三條実万は辞官、落飾、慎み、一條忠香、二條斉敬、近衛忠房、廣橋光成は各遠慮引籠、徳川斉昭は永蟄居、一橋慶喜、尾張義恕は隠居慎み、水戸慶篤は差控え、越前松平慶永、土佐山内豊信、宇和島伊達宗城、老中堀田正睦、元老中太田資始は隠居慎み、を始めとし水戸藩では家老安島帯刀は切腹、茅根伊予之助、鵜飼吉左衛門の死罪、同幸吉の獄門、鮎澤伊太夫の遠島、その他各宮家及び諸藩に亘っては橋本左内、頼三樹三郎、飯泉喜内、吉田松陰の各死罪より、遠島、重追放、中追放、所払、御役御免、永押込押 二十三

英語訳

Page 22 And on the 22nd day, he was sent from Edo to Yoshida in what was called a shamo-kago (fighting cock palanquin) (also called ami-norimono or net palanquin, a palanquin that exposed only the face like a fighting cock) with guard officials attached. Ah, suddenly banishment, suddenly confinement, and further imprisonment far away in the domain territory, but the old man dismissed it all with a laugh and paid it no mind. However, at this time his mother in his hometown was already past seventy years old and living in their old residence, thinking of the old man with great longing—how could the old man not feel deeply moved by this one matter? Impromptu Composition in the Palanquin (Part 2) Submissively receiving orders, I depart the capital. Why is being escorted comparable to being a exiled minister? Unlike the days of distant travel in the past, when I would meet regularly with old friends at inns. Though my mind is troubled, my legs are at leisure. I sleep through the sounds of bells and horses. How could I have thought that I, a man of lakes and seas who traveled boldly, would be looking at distant mountains through the barrier of captivity? There is an anecdote regarding the old man's escort. When the old man's confinement in Yoshida was somewhat relaxed, he said he changed from Yokoyama Sen'nosuke to Ono Tōnosuke himself, having reached the milestone of fifty years of life. In reality, according to the custom of the time, a wooden placard was attached to the transport vehicle from Edo reading "Prisoner Ono Tōnosuke in custody of Matsudaira Izu-no-kami," so everyone did not understand what kind of person this was. Both the pro-imperial faction and the pro-shogunate faction overlooked him carelessly. Behind this was the careful preparation of domain lord Nobutaka and thoughtful retainers of the domain who, hoping for the old man's safe arrival in Yoshida, deliberately had him use a false name. This matter was never spoken of during the old man's lifetime. According to another theory, after the old man was sent to Yoshida, he received the punishment of "permanent confinement in the home domain" by shogunal command, but he had already been counted among those who should be beheaded in Edo. Domain lord Nobutaka devised an opportune strategy there: partly from the hope of not producing a serious criminal from his own domain, and partly considering the circumstances that they were teacher and student and that he was a worthy man as a domain Confucian, he requested to send him to the domain territory. This was essentially protection through confinement. One proof of this, as described in a later chapter (the section on moral character and virtue), is found in the old man's statement to his son Masahiro about not holding birthday celebrations: "I should have already been subjected to execution and exposure, but by good fortune I was spared from such a fate—this is what the domain lord personally told me." (See reference to the old man's name change) Now, turning to look at the situation of the great arrests of that time, since this matter has already been recorded in many Restoration histories and is already well-known fact, there may be no need to record it in detail. However, Manabe Akikatsu, who entered Kyoto carrying the shogunate's determination, first lodged at Myōman-ji temple and did not emerge, claiming illness. Through the regent Kujō Hisatada, he sought imperial permission for establishing Tokugawa Yoshitomi (later Iemochi) as shogun, and after submitting a protest regarding the secret imperial edict for expelling foreigners that had been issued to Mito, he undertook the great arrests with lightning speed. Anyone who criticized shogunal government, plotted the restoration of imperial authority, or sided with Mito was mercilessly captured, with many dragged to Edo and subjected to cruel punishments and extreme penalties without exception, totaling indeed over one hundred and several tens of people. This was truly an event that began in the ninth month of Ansei 5 (1858), and is called the Ansei Great Purge. Recording the main parts now: Prince Shōren'in of Awadaguchi was given permanent house arrest; Right Minister Takatsukasa and his son, Konoe Tadahiro, and Sanjō Sanetomi were made to resign from office, take the tonsure, and confined; Ichijō Tadayoshi, Nijō Nariyuki, Konoe Tadafusa, and Hirohashi Mitsunari were each made to withdraw in self-restraint; Tokugawa Nariaki was given permanent house arrest; Hitotsubashi Yoshinobu and Owari Yoshikatsu were made to retire and confined; Mito Yoshiatsu was placed under restraint; Echizen Matsudaira Yoshinaga, Tosa Yamauchi Toyoshige, Uwajima Date Munenari, Senior Councilor Hotta Masayoshi, and former Senior Councilor Ōta Sukeharu were made to retire and confined. Beginning with these, in Mito domain, chief retainer Ajima Taito committed seppuku; Chinone Iyonosuke and Ukai Kichizaemon were sentenced to death; Ukai Kōkichi was subjected to crucifixion; Ayuzawa Itadayū was exiled to a remote island. Among the various imperial families and domains, Hashimoto Sanai, Rai Mikisaburō, Iizumi Kinai, and Yoshida Shōin were each sentenced to death, while others received punishments ranging from exile to remote islands, heavy banishment, medium banishment, expulsion from territories, dismissal from office, permanent confinement... Page 23