小野湖山翁小伝 - 翻刻

翻刻

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　二八
を挙げ之れに死し。遺稿は曩年刈谷町有志者の手に於て刊行せられたが、翁その校閲を託されて為した
も一寄縁である。
　　　　　　　　　　六　任　官　及　致　仕
其後幕政は日に不振に陥り、井伊大老は水戸烈士のために萬延元年三月三日といふに、四十六歳を一期
に桜田門外の雪と散りたること、余りにも有名な史実である。依て幕政は老中安藤對馬守信正(奥州磐
城平城主)久世大和守廣周(下総国関宿城主)等代つて之れに当つた。信正(字は君脩、幼名鐵之進、
欽齊及蟠翠と号す、信由を父とし才気頴敏、武芸和歌絵画等に長じ、其母は吉田藩主松平伊豆守信明の
女である)幕議先づ桜田事変に考へ、喧嘩両成敗の故智に因り。水戸藩主徳川慶篤の登城を沮止すると
共に井伊直憲(直弼の子)を譴責し、それに従つて処置されたる藩主及其他の者二十余名に及んだ。
更に尾張越前土佐三藩主の謹慎(戊午大獄参照)を解き、倒幕党の気勢を緩和せんとし公武合体を高唱
した結果は、皇妹和の宮の降嫁と成つたが、時局は予期に反し、益々紛糾を加へ。安藤老中の要撃事件
を生み、島津久光の上奏と成り、次では大原勅使の東下、将軍家茂の上洛、生麦の英人殺傷、攘夷論の
熾烈、薩海の英艦砲撃、蛤門の変、長州藩の内訌より征長役、水戸齊昭の薨去、長州の仏国船砲撃、聯
合外国艦隊の下関砲撃、等々々々、前後幾多の問題、重畳たる波瀾は渤然としれ湧出したのである。斯
くて慶応二年冬徳川慶喜が将軍職を襲だが、天下の大勢は益々幕府のために不利と成り、倒瀾を回すの
術なく、翌三年十月十三日サシモ七百余年を経過した武臣の政権は、乃ち第十五代将軍慶喜に依り奉還
せられ、王政復古の大号令は四海に轟き渡つたのである。誠に幕府衰亡の跡を考ふれば、其内政の紊乱
より延ては士民遊惰に流れ、奢侈に耽り虚偽を重んじ、実力の減退、それに加ふる外国の刺撃、又其反
動としての皇漢学の復起と勤王主義の勃興とは蓋し、見逃すべからざるものあり。経世家の正に考ふべ
き所である。
翁五十四歳に達し友人等の劃策其宜しきを得て、朝廷より特に摂政二條齊敬の名を以て命を藩主信古に
伝へ「古書取調」の一員としてその上洛を促し来つた。爰に於てか始めて全く幕府の覊軛を脱し、先づ
母を湖北高畑村の旧居に省し次で入洛した。二條家では其別邸をその仮寓に充て款【欵】待すること十ヶ月。
同志の山中法橋(名は獻、字は子文、靜逸又は信天翁と号す、三河碧海郡の人、齊藤拙堂門下で始め本
願寺に仕へ、維新の際徴されて辨事と成り、石巻県知事に任じた。辞官後京都嵐山天龍寺村に住し明治
十八年五月年六十三で逝いた)膳所藩の岩谷修(一六居士と号す)等と共に「救荒時宜」の取調を命ぜ
られ、(実は他の機密にも参与したといふ説あり)精励能くその使命を果して帰藩した。藩主信古は直
に邸宅数百坪を与へ(今西八町南側七十九、八十番地の大松ある処)翁之れを「松聲幽居」と称し、一
時晏齊の号を用ゐた。(息正弘が双松の号を用ゐたも、此巨松と時習館趾(公会堂前)にある巨松とより
取つたと聞く)。此時尚ほ各藩は勤王佐幕の両党、その帰趨に惑ひ鏑を削ること一通りならず。顧みて
我吉田地方の状勢如何と見るに、要するに勤王主義を取つて動かざる人々多数を占めて居たが、尾三両
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　二九

現代語訳

二十八

を挙げこれに死す。遺稿は曩年刈谷町有志者の手において刊行されたが、翁がその校閲を託されて為したのも一つの奇縁である。

六　任官及び致仕

その後幕政は日に不振に陥り、井伊大老は水戸烈士のために万延元年三月三日というに、四十六歳を一期として桜田門外の雪と散ったことは、あまりにも有名な史実である。よって幕政は老中安藤対馬守信正（奥州磐城平城主）久世大和守広周（下総国関宿城主）等が代わってこれに当たった。信正（字は君修、幼名鉄之進、欽斎及び蟠翠と号す、信由を父とし才気穎敏、武芸和歌絵画等に長じ、その母は吉田藩主松平伊豆守信明の女である）は幕議まず桜田事変に鑑み、喧嘩両成敗の故智により、水戸藩主徳川慶篤の登城を阻止すると共に井伊直憲（直弼の子）を譴責し、それに従って処置された藩主及びその他の者二十余名に及んだ。

更に尾張・越前・土佐三藩主の謹慎（戊午大獄参照）を解き、倒幕党の気勢を緩和せんとし公武合体を高唱した結果は、皇妹和宮の降嫁となったが、時局は予期に反し、益々紛糾を加え、安藤老中の襲撃事件を生み、島津久光の上奏となり、次いては大原勅使の東下、将軍家茂の上洛、生麦の英人殺傷、攘夷論の熾烈、薩摩の英艦砲撃、蛤御門の変、長州藩の内訌より征長役、水戸斉昭の薨去、長州の仏国船砲撃、連合外国艦隊の下関砲撃、等々々々、前後幾多の問題、重畳たる波瀾が勃然として湧出したのである。かくて慶応二年冬徳川慶喜が将軍職を継いだが、天下の大勢は益々幕府のために不利となり、倒瀾を回すの術なく、翌三年十月十三日、さしも七百余年を経過した武臣の政権は、乃ち第十五代将軍慶喜により奉還され、王政復古の大号令は四海に轟き渡ったのである。誠に幕府衰亡の跡を考えれば、その内政の紊乱より延いては士民遊惰に流れ、奢侈に耽り虚偽を重んじ、実力の減退、それに加える外国の刺激、またその反動としての皇漢学の復起と勤王主義の勃興とは蓋し、見逃すべからざるものがある。経世家の正に考うべき所である。

翁五十四歳に達し友人等の画策その宜しきを得て、朝廷より特に摂政二条斉敬の名を以て命を藩主信古に伝え「古書取調」の一員としてその上洛を促して来た。ここにおいて初めて全く幕府の羈軛を脱し、まず母を湖北高畑村の旧居に省し次いで入洛した。二条家ではその別邸をその仮寓に充て款待すること十ヶ月。同志の山中法橋（名は献、字は子文、静逸又は信天翁と号す、三河碧海郡の人、斎藤拙堂門下で初め本願寺に仕え、維新の際徴されて弁事となり、石巻県知事に任じた。辞官後京都嵐山天龍寺村に住し明治十八年五月年六十三で逝いた）膳所藩の岩谷修（一六居士と号す）等と共に「救荒時宜」の取調を命ぜられ、（実は他の機密にも参与したという説あり）精励よくその使命を果たして帰藩した。藩主信古は直に邸宅数百坪を与え（今西八町南側七十九、八十番地の大松のある処）翁これを「松声幽居」と称し、一時晏斎の号を用いた。（息子正弘が双松の号を用いたのも、この巨松と時習館址（公会堂前）にある巨松とより取ったと聞く）。この時なお各藩は勤王佐幕の両党、その帰趨に惑い鏑を削ること一通りならず。顧みて我が吉田地方の状勢いかんと見るに、要するに勤王主義を取って動かざる人々多数を占めていたが、尾張・三河両

二十九

英語訳

Page 28

raised an incident and died in it. His posthumous writings were published in recent years by volunteers in Kariya town, and the fact that the old man was entrusted with their proofreading was also a curious connection.

6. Official Appointment and Retirement

Thereafter, the shogunal government fell into daily decline, and it is an all-too-famous historical fact that Senior Councilor Ii was killed by Mito loyalists on March 3rd of Man'en 1 (1860), scattering like snow outside Sakurada Gate at the age of forty-six. Consequently, the shogunal government was taken over by Senior Councilors Andō Tsushimakami Nobumasa (lord of Iwakitaira Castle in Ōshū) and Kuze Yamatokami Hirokane (lord of Sekiyado Castle in Shimōsa province). Nobumasa (styled Kunshu, childhood name Tetsunoshin, also called Kinsei and Bansui, son of Nobuyoshi, was gifted with brilliant talent and excelled in martial arts, waka poetry, painting, etc.; his mother was a daughter of Yoshida domain lord Matsudaira Izunokami Nobuaki). The shogunal council first reflected on the Sakurada Incident and, following the ancient wisdom of "punishing both parties in a quarrel," prevented Mito domain lord Tokugawa Yoshiatsu from attending court while also censuring Ii Naonori (son of Naosuke), and the measures extended to over twenty domain lords and others who were dealt with accordingly.

Furthermore, the house arrest of the three domain lords of Owari, Echizen, and Tosa (see the Purge of Ansei) was lifted, and attempts were made to moderate the momentum of the anti-shogunate party by loudly advocating union of court and military government. The result was the marriage of Imperial Princess Kazunomiya, but contrary to expectations, the situation became increasingly complicated, leading to the attack on Senior Councilor Andō, Shimazu Hisamitsu's memorial to the throne, then the eastward journey of Imperial Envoy Ōhara, Shogun Iemochi's journey to Kyoto, the killing of Englishmen at Namamugi, the intensity of expulsion-of-foreigners arguments, the bombardment of British ships at Satsuma, the Hamaguri Gate Incident, the Chōshū domain's internal strife leading to the Chōshū expedition, the death of Mito Nariaki, Chōshū's bombardment of French ships, the bombardment of Shimonoseki by the allied foreign fleet, and so on and so forth. These numerous problems before and after, these overlapping waves, erupted tumultuously. Thus in the winter of Keiō 2 (1866), Tokugawa Yoshinobu succeeded to the shogunal position, but the general trend of the realm became increasingly unfavorable to the shogunate. With no means to stem the tide, on October 13th of the following third year, the political power of the warrior class that had lasted some seven hundred years was finally returned by the fifteenth shogun Yoshinobu, and the great proclamation of imperial restoration thundered across the four seas. Truly, when one considers the traces of the shogunate's decline and fall—from the disorder of its internal administration extending to samurai and commoners falling into idleness, indulging in luxury, valuing falsehood, the decline of real strength, plus the stimulus from foreign countries, and as a reaction to this, the revival of imperial Sinology and the rise of loyalist ideology—there are indeed things that cannot be overlooked. This is precisely what political economists should consider.

When the old man reached fifty-four years of age, through the well-executed schemes of his friends, the court specially transmitted a command to domain lord Nobufuru through Regent Nijō Nariyuki, urging his journey to the capital as a member of the "Investigation of Ancient Books" committee. Here for the first time he completely escaped the yoke of the shogunate, first visiting his mother at the old residence in Takahata village in Kohoku, then entering the capital. The Nijō family provided their villa as his temporary residence and entertained him hospitably for ten months. Together with comrades like Yamanaka Hōkyō (named Ken, styled Shibun, called Seiitsu or Shinten'ō, a person from Hekikai district in Mikawa, a student of Saitō Setsudō who first served Honganji temple, was summoned during the Restoration to become a administrator, and was appointed governor of Ishinomaki prefecture; after resigning from office he lived in Tenryūji village, Arashiyama, Kyoto, and died in May of Meiji 18 at age sixty-three) and Iwatani Osamu of Zeze domain (called Ichiroku Koji), he was ordered to investigate "Emergency Famine Measures" (there are theories that he was actually involved in other confidential matters as well), and through diligent effort he fulfilled his mission well and returned to his domain. Domain lord Nobufuru immediately granted him a residence of several hundred tsubo (at what is now numbers 79 and 80 on the south side of West Eighth District, where large pine trees stand). The old man called this "Shōsei Yūkyo" (Pine Voice Secluded Dwelling) and for a time used the pen name Ansei. (It is said that his son Masahiro's use of the pen name Sōshō [Twin Pines] was taken from this giant pine and the giant pine at the Jishūkan site [in front of the assembly hall]). At this time, the various domains were still divided between loyalist and pro-shogunate factions, bewildered about which way to turn, and their conflicts were extraordinary. Looking back at the situation in our Yoshida region, in essence the majority were people who firmly maintained loyalist principles, but the two provinces of Owari and Mikawa...

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