琉球沿革志 下 - 翻刻

翻刻

【右丁】
　行ふと雖とも人情は古今同しければ尚貞襲封を請ふ
　時礼部議して貢使に封を領せしむへしとあれば貢使
　固く請といへども部議執して可かず然れども聖祖特
　に之を允されたり当時海道尤も靖ならざれども実は
　航海険危を怖れてなり貢使元来交易の為なる事は明
　代已に部議あり冊使の随従又交易事を許す《割書：伝信録￣ニ云。｜凡￣ソ兵-役随-》
　《割書：身￣ノ行-李貨-物。毎-人限￣ル＿レ帯￣ルニ＿二百觔￣ヲ＿一。按￣ルニ歴-来封-舟。過-海￣ノ兵-役等。皆有＿二｜壓-鈔貨-物帯￣ヒ-住￣テ市易￣スル旧例＿一。万暦七-年己-卯。冊-使長-楽￣ノ謝-行-人｜傑有＿二日東交市記＿一。後￣ニ有＿二恤-役＿一 一-條。言自￣リ＿二洪-武間＿一許￣ス＿下過海五百｜人行-李各【※】百觔。与＿二琉-人＿一貿-易￣スルコトヲ＿上著￣ノ為＿二條-令￣ト＿一。甲-午￣ノ之役得＿二万金￣ヲ＿一。五-｜百-人各【※】二-十-金。多￣キ者￣ノハ三-四-十-金。少￣キ者￣ノモ亦得＿二 十-金八-金￣ヲ＿一。辛-酉-之｜役僅￣ニ六-千-金五-百-人各【※】得＿二 十二金￣ヲ＿一。多￣キ者￣ハ二-十-金少￣キ者￣ノハ五-六-金。｜稍【※】失＿レ所＿レ望是-以己-卯-招募。僅￣ニ得＿二 中-材応￣ルコトヲ＿一レ役￣ニ不＿レ能＿二如＿レ前之精-工￣ナルコト＿一｜也所＿レ穫僅￣ニ三-千餘-金人-各【※】八-金多￣キ-者￣ハ十-五-六-金。少￣キ者￣ハ三-四-金》

【左丁】
　《割書：大￣ニ失＿レ所＿レ望。至￣ル＿下損＿レ廩￣ヲ助＿レ之￣ヲ。始￣テ得￣ニ＿中全￣テ＿レ礼￣ヲ而帰￣ルコトヲ＿上蓋甲-午￣ノ役。番-舶転-｜販￣スル-者無-慮十-餘-国其￣ノ利既￣ニ-多￣シ。故￣ニ我-衆￣ノ所￣モ＿レ穫￣ル亦豊￣ナリ辛酉之役番｜舶転-販￣スル者。僅￣ニ三-四-国。其￣ノ利既￣ニ少￣シ。故￣ニ我-衆￣ノ所＿レ穫￣ル亦-減￣ス己-卯￣ノ之役。｜通-番禁-弛￣フ番-舶不＿レ至￣ラ。其-利頓￣ニ絶￣ヌ。故我-衆所＿レ穫至￣テ-少￣シ。勢使＿レ然也。｜今康-煕二-十-二-年癸亥之役。是￣ノ時海-禁方￣ニ厳￣ナリ中-国￣ノ貨-物外邦｜争￣テ欲＿二購-致￣セント＿一。琉-球相-近￣キ諸-島。如￣キ＿二薩-摩-洲土-噶-喇七-島等￣ノ処￣ノ＿一皆聞￣テ｜＿レ風￣ヲ来-集￣ル。其貨易￣シ＿レ售￣ラレ。閩-人沿-説￣メ至￣ル＿レ今￣ニ。故￣ニ充￣ル＿レ役￣ニ者衆￣シ。昇-平日-久。琉-｜球歳-来￣テ貿＿二-易￣シ中-国￣ノ貨-物￣ヲ＿一外-邦多-有。此￣ノ-番封-舟到￣テ-後土-噶-喇等￣ノ｜番-舶。無＿二 一￣モ至￣ル-者＿一本-国素-貧-乏。貨多￣ク不＿レ售￣ラレ。人役並￣ニ-困￣ス法当禁＿二-絶￣ス｜商-売利-徒￣ノ之営求￣ヲ＿一充￣ル＿レ役￣ニ者損＿レ従￣ヲ減＿レ装￣ヲ。一￣ハ可＿三以紓＿二小-邦物-力￣ノ之｜難￣ヲ＿一 一￣ハ可＿三以￣テ絶＿二衆-役覬-覦￣ノ之｜想￣ヲ＿一庶幾￣クハ両-利倶￣ニ全￣カランカ矣乎》
　《割書：右万暦七年琉球王尚永を冊封せし副使行人謝杰が記｜に因て考るに甲午の役とは明世祖永楽十二年山南王｜他魯母を封せられし時にて　本朝応永二十一年に当｜る時に義満将軍斃して明国と通信を絶ければ当時唐｜山の貨物に乏しき故に琉球冊使齎来る貨物售易く万｜金を得しなるべし辛酉の役とは英宗正統六年尚忠を｜冊封せし時にて　本朝嘉禄元年義勝将軍嗣業の年に｜当る前将軍義教の時より又明国に聘使を遣はされし》

【※送り仮名に「々」】

現代語訳

【右丁】
行うといえども、人情は古今同じであるから、尚貞が襲封を請う時、礼部が議して貢使に封を領させるべしとあれば、貢使は固く請うといえども、部議は執して許可しない。然れども聖祖が特にこれを允許された。当時海道は尤も平穏でなかったけれども、実は航海の険危を恐れてのことである。貢使が元来交易のためであることは、明代已に部議がある。冊使の随従もまた交易事を許す（伝信録に云う。凡そ兵役が随身する行李貨物は、毎人二百觔を帯びることに限る。按ずるに歴来の封舟で過海する兵役等は、皆壓鈔貨物を帯び住んで市易する旧例がある。万暦七年己卯、冊使長楽の謝行人傑に日東交市記がある。後に恤役の一条がある。言うには洪武間より過海五百人の行李各々百觔、琉人と貿易することを許すことを条令と著す。甲午の役では万金を得た。五百人各々二十金、多い者は三四十金、少ない者も亦十金八金を得た。辛酉の役では僅かに六千金、五百人各々十二金を得た。多い者は二十金、少ない者は五六金。稍々所望を失う。是を以て己卯の招募では、僅かに中材が役に応ずることを得て、前の如き精工なることができない。所獲は僅かに三千餘金、人各々八金、多い者は十五六金、少ない者は三四金）

【左丁】
（大いに所望を失う。廩を損じて之を助けるに至って、始めて礼を全うして帰ることを得た。蓋し甲午の役では、番舶が転販する者は無慮十餘国、その利既に多し。故に我衆の所獲も亦豊かなり。辛酉の役では番舶転販する者は、僅かに三四国。その利既に少なし。故に我衆の所獲も亦減ず。己卯の役では、通番の禁が弛み、番舶至らず。その利頓に絶ゆ。故に我衆の所獲至って少なし。勢いして然らしむるなり。今康煕二十二年癸亥の役では、是の時海禁方に厳なり。中国の貨物を外邦争って購致せんと欲す。琉球相近き諸島、薩摩洲土噶喇七島等の処の如きは皆風を聞いて来集する。その貨易して售らる。閩人沿って説いて今に至る。故に役に充つる者衆し。昇平日久しく、琉球歳来中国の貨物を貿易し、外邦多く有り。此の番封舟到って後、土噶喇等の番舶、一も至る者無し。本国素より貧乏。貨多く售られず。人役並びに困す。法として当に商売利徒の営求を禁絶すべし。役に充つる者は従を損じ装を減ず。一は以て小邦物力の難を紓むべく、一は以て衆役覬覦の想を絶つべし。庶幾くは両利倶に全からんか）
（右は万暦七年琉球王尚永を冊封せし副使行人謝杰が記に因って考るに、甲午の役とは明世祖永楽十二年山南王他魯母を封せられし時にて、本朝応永二十一年に当たる。時に義満将軍斃して明国と通信を絶てば、当時唐山の貨物に乏しき故に、琉球冊使齎来る貨物售り易く万金を得しなるべし。辛酉の役とは英宗正統六年尚忠を冊封せし時にて、本朝嘉禄元年義勝将軍嗣業の年に当たる。前将軍義教の時より又明国に聘使を遣わされし）

英語訳

[Right Page]
was conducted. However, since human nature is the same in all ages, when Shō Tei requested succession investiture, the Ministry of Rites deliberated and said that tribute envoys should receive the investiture. Although the tribute envoys earnestly requested this, the ministerial council stubbornly refused. Nevertheless, the Sacred Ancestor [Kangxi Emperor] specially granted permission. At that time the sea routes were especially unsettled, but in reality this was due to fear of the perils of ocean navigation. That tribute envoys originally came for trade purposes was already discussed in ministerial councils during the Ming dynasty. The retinue of investiture envoys was also permitted to engage in trade (The Denshin-roku states: In general, soldiers and servants accompanying [the mission] are limited to carrying 200 jin of baggage and goods each. Upon examination, historically the soldiers and servants crossing the sea on investiture ships all had the old custom of carrying pressed notes and goods to reside and trade. In the 7th year of Wanli, jimao [1579], the investiture envoy Xie Jie, Herald of Changle, wrote the "Record of Eastern Trade." Later there is an article on "Relief for Service Personnel." It states that since the Hongwu period, it was established as regulation that five hundred people crossing the sea could each carry 100 jin of baggage to trade with the Ryukyu people. In the jiawu mission, ten thousand gold was obtained. Five hundred people each got twenty gold; those with more got thirty to forty gold, and even those with less got ten to eight gold. In the xinyou mission, only six thousand gold was obtained, with five hundred people each getting twelve gold. Those with more got twenty gold, those with less got five to six gold, somewhat failing expectations. Therefore in the jimao recruitment, only mediocre personnel could be obtained to serve in the mission, unable to achieve the skilled workmanship of before. The proceeds were only about three thousand gold, with each person getting eight gold, those with more getting fifteen to sixteen gold, those with less getting three to four gold.)

[Left Page]
(Greatly disappointing expectations. Only after depleting stores to assist them could they finally complete the ceremonies and return. In the jiawu mission, foreign ships engaging in resale trade came from probably more than ten countries, so profits were already substantial. Therefore what our people obtained was also abundant. In the xinyou mission, foreign ships engaging in resale trade came from only three to four countries. Since profits were already small, what our people obtained also decreased. In the jimao mission, restrictions on foreign trade relaxed and foreign ships did not arrive. Profits were suddenly cut off, so what our people obtained was extremely little. Circumstances made it so. Now in the 22nd year of Kangxi, guihai [1683], at this time maritime prohibitions were particularly strict. Foreign countries competed to purchase Chinese goods. Islands near Ryukyu, such as Satsuma Province, Tokara Seven Islands, and other places, all heard rumors and came gathering. Their goods were traded and sold. Fujian people have continued to speak of this until today, so many serve in these missions. With long-lasting peace, Ryukyu has come yearly to trade Chinese goods, and foreign countries have many. After this investiture ship arrived, not one foreign ship from Tokara and other places came. Our country is inherently poor, many goods cannot be sold, and both people and servants are in distress. By law, the profit-seeking activities of merchants should be prohibited. Those serving in missions should reduce their retinue and equipment. This would both relieve the material difficulties of our small country and eliminate the covetous thoughts of the various service personnel. Perhaps both benefits could be fully achieved.)
(The above is based on the record by Vice Envoy Herald Xie Jie who invested Ryukyu King Shō Ei in the 7th year of Wanli. Upon examination, the jiawu mission refers to when King Taromai of Sannan was invested in the 12th year of Yongle under Ming Chengzu, corresponding to the 21st year of Ōei in our court. At that time, since Shogun Yoshimitsu had died and communication with Ming China was severed, Chinese goods were scarce, so the goods brought by Ryukyu investiture envoys sold easily, probably obtaining ten thousand gold. The xinyou mission refers to when Shō Chū was invested in the 6th year of Zhengtong under Yingzong, corresponding to the 1st year of Kakitsu when Shogun Yoshikatsu succeeded. From the time of the previous shogun Yoshinori, envoys were again sent to Ming China.)