英語訳
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**Mahāyāna Yogācāra Research and Investigation Chapter, Volume 5**
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Contemplating the non-existence of the grasped object, causing such contemplation to arise. Because one first attains the preceding characteristic of the sun of wisdom. That samādhi is solely bright-attainment. Having this attainment is the preceding sign of fire. That stage is solely warmth.
Question: What constitutes the peak? Answer: Because investigation reaches its extreme, it is called peak. To reveal the meaning: bodhisattvas of this stage attain the bright-increasing samādhi. Depending on this samādhi power, they arouse superior investigation and repeatedly contemplate the non-existence of grasped objects. Because it is the peak of investigation, the name peak is established. Because the bright characteristics intensify, that samādhi is called bright-increasing. Because the stage of investigation reaches its extreme, that stage is solely peak.
Question: What is called patience? Answer: Regarding the non-existence of grasped objects, one decisively seals and maintains this understanding, and regarding the non-existence of the grasping subject, one also accords with and joyfully endures. Therefore it is solely called patience. Depending on accurate cognition, one seals the former and delights in attaining the latter, therefore it is called patience.
Question: What constitutes the highest worldly dharma? Answer: Among the dharmas of the ordinary being stage, this is supreme, therefore it is called the highest worldly dharma. Bodhisattvas of this stage depend on the uninterrupted samādhi. Depending on this samādhi power, they arouse superior accurate cognition. They seal the emptiness of dual-grasping and jointly seal the emptiness characteristics, but because all still carry characteristics, they cannot yet realize the truth.
Question: Regarding attaining the four samādhis in these four wholesome root stages, the meaning is not yet clear—what are their characteristics? Answer: First, in the warmth stage, one attains the bright-attainment samādhi. Because one depends on samādhi power, one arouses inferior investigation. Depending on this investigation, one contemplates the non-existence of grasped objects—namely the four of name, meaning, self-nature, and distinction. These four dharmas are solely transformations of one's own mind, provisionally established as existent, but actually unobtainable. Therefore one contemplates their complete non-existence.
Question: Why is the attained samādhi called bright-attainment? Answer: Because one first attains the preceding characteristic of the sun of wisdom, it is called bright-attainment samādhi.
Question: Why is it called warmth? Answer: Because this has the preceding sign of fire, it is also called warmth.
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Question: Regarding the meaning of bright-increasing samādhi, what are its characteristics? Answer: Next, in the peak stage, one attains bright-increasing samādhi. Because one depends on samādhi power, one arouses superior investigation and contemplates the non-existence of grasped objects. Because investigation reaches its extreme, it is established as the peak stage. Because bright characteristics intensify, that samādhi is called bright-increasing.
Question: Regarding the meaning of seal-according samādhi, what are its characteristics? Answer: Next, in the patience stage, one attains seal-according samādhi. Because one depends on samādhi power, one arouses inferior accurate cognition. In the non-existence of grasped objects, one decisively seals and maintains this understanding. In the non-existence of grasping subjects, one also accords with and joyfully endures. Since there is already no real object, how could there be real consciousness separate from the grasping consciousness? Separate from grasped objects, grasped objects and grasping subjects are established through mutual dependence, so one seals the former and accords with the latter. Therefore it is called seal-according. Because one endures the emptiness of objects and consciousness, it is also called patience.
Question: Regarding the meaning of uninterrupted samādhi, what are its characteristics? Answer: In the highest worldly dharma stage, one attains uninterrupted samādhi. Because one depends on samādhi power, one arouses superior accurate cognition and seals the emptiness characteristics of dual-grasping. From this point without interruption, one necessarily enters the seeing path. Therefore it is called uninterrupted. Among ordinary being dharmas, this is supreme, therefore it is called highest worldly [dharma].
Question: In these four stages, when establishing small objects before oneself, what dharmas are called small objects? Answer: The mind's transformation of suchness is called small objects.
Question: How is this mind called characteristic-bearing? Answer: Because this is not without characteristics, it is called characteristic-bearing.
Question: What dharmas are characteristics? Answer: Characteristics means characteristic marks. When realizing truth, these characteristics are absent. When not yet realizing truth, these characteristics still exist as emptiness-existence characteristics. These are called small objects.
Question: Why are such characteristics of suchness called existent characteristics? Answer: Namely, seeing suchness yet speaking of seeing, seeing existence, speaking of this existence while
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**Upper Section:**
merely considering it truth.
Question: At that time when existent characteristics are present, how does one arouse the characteristicless? Answer: By cutting off discrimination obstacles, one becomes non-discriminating. Because one solely bears characteristics, non-discriminating wisdom arises.
Question: What are the characteristics of the first third penetration stage? Answer: The root verse of Consciousness-Only states: "When regarding objects of cognition, wisdom has absolutely no attainment, at that time one dwells in consciousness-only, because one is free from the characteristics of dual-grasping." When a bodhisattva, regarding the objects of cognition, through non-discriminating wisdom has absolutely no attainment and does not grasp various conceptual elaboration characteristics, at that time one is truly said to dwell in the consciousness-only true ultimate nature.
Question: Why is this stage called the penetration stage? Answer: When this wisdom arises uninterruptedly after the preparatory practices, experiencing and meeting suchness, it is called the penetration stage.
Question: Why is it sometimes called the seeing path stage? Answer: Because one first illuminates principle, it is also called the seeing path.
Question: The previous accumulation stage had thirty minds, the next preparatory stage had four wholesome roots. How many penetration stages does this current penetration stage have? Answer: However, this seeing path, briefly explained, has two types.
Question: What are these two? Answer: First is the true seeing path, namely non-discriminating wisdom.
Question: Why is it called true seeing path? Answer: This penetration stage truly realizes the true principle revealed by the two emptinesses and truly cuts off the discriminating latent afflictions of the two obstacles. Therefore it is called true seeing path. Second is the resembling seeing path. This again has two types: first is the three-mind resembling seeing path, second is the sixteen-mind resembling seeing path.
Question: What are called the three minds? Answer: First is the cognition that internally eliminates the designation of sentient beings, second is the cognition that internally eliminates the designation of dharmas, third is the cognition that universally eliminates the designations of all sentient beings and dharmas.
Question: Why is such three-mind seeing path called resembling seeing path? Answer: Taking the dual-emptiness seeing aspect of the true seeing path, its self-
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severed obstacles, uninterrupted liberation, and establishing them separately and comprehensively, it is called resembling seeing path.
Question: Regarding "taking the true seeing path," what is the meaning of "taking"? Answer: "Taking" means following the model. The meaning is to imitate and learn.
Question: What is called the sixteen-mind resembling seeing path? Answer: This again has two types: first is the sixteen minds of grasped-grasping, second is the sixteen minds of the upper-lower eight truths.
Question: What are called the sixteen types of grasped-grasping minds? Answer: Namely, regarding the truth of suffering, there are four types of mind: first is the forbearance of dharma-cognition of suffering, second is the dharma-cognition of suffering, third is the forbearance of inferential cognition of suffering, fourth is the inferential cognition of suffering. On each of the four truths, there are four types each, making four times four—sixteen types of mind.
Question: What are the sixteen minds of the upper-lower eight truths? Answer: These sixteen minds: eight contemplate suchness, eight contemplate correct wisdom. Two times eight makes sixteen, therefore it is called upper-lower eight truths, etc.
Question: Regarding upper-lower eight truths, the meaning is not yet clear. What is called upper-lower? Answer: The form realm and formless realm are called the upper two realms. The desire realm is called the lower realm.
Question: What are the eight in those [realms]? Answer: Contemplating the four truths of the desire realm, each having two minds: direct contemplation forbearance and direct contemplation wisdom. Contemplating one truth of suffering has two minds. Each of the four truths has two, combining to make eight minds. Combining the upper two realms as one truth, there are direct contemplation forbearance and direct contemplation wisdom, combining to make eight minds. Therefore it is called upper-lower, etc.
Question: Among the previous grasped-grasping sixteen minds, what is called grasped and what is called grasping? Answer: These sixteen minds: eight contemplate suchness, which is grasped contemplation. Eight contemplate correct wisdom, which is grasping contemplation. Therefore they are called the grasped-grasping sixteen minds.
Question: Among the sixteen minds, which eight contemplate suchness and which eight contemplate wisdom? Answer: The dharma category conditions suchness and exists