翻刻
雅ノ人ニ乏シ故ニ珍介奇品モ愛玩スル者ナシよって因テ方言モ無キモノ
多シ本草綱目介部第四十六巻ニ蚌蛤ノ属二十有種ヲ載タリ
○石壽按ニ本草ニ所載ノモノニシテ主治気ミ味ノミヲ専
トシテ形象文理班文ノコト甚粗漏ニシテ委シカラス
○又蛤螺無對貝蛎ノ属諸書中ニ散見スト雖モ其正象不詳異同
尤多シ唯名ノミヲ挙テ文彩文理ハ略テ不載モノアリ故彼ニ充是ニ充
的セサル事多シ
○又適不＿二見／馴（ナレ）＿一介殻ヲ得レハ変生変化ト云テ穿鑿粗漏ニシテ猥ニ名ヲ
施テ形状文彩ハイハサルモノ間多シ又諸書中ニ所引用モ原本ノ
訛ヲ不辨因り循シテ訛ヲ傳タルモノアリ見者能可考
○又本草綱目蚌ノ條ニ時珍之長者通蚌トイフ圎者通テ蛤トイフ石壽按
蚌蛤ノ別何長短ヲ以テイハンヤ何則竪ニ長キ者アリ横ニ長キモノ
アリ長短ヲ以テ蚌蛤ヲ別ツハ不可也蚌蛤ハ相介ノコトニシテ螺蠃トイフニ
同カルベシ時珍ノ所謂長キ者蚌トイフ短キ者ヲ蛤トイフハ諸ノ相介ヲ
指テイフタル者ニハ有ヘカラス土負介ノ属種ノ内ニテ長短ヲ別チタル
者ナルベシ馬刀或黒サギ鴛鴦等ハ形長シ松葉翡翠介等ハ形短シ
如此類ヲ説ケル者カ未詳又文蛤ノ如ク斤袖圎ク斤袖長キヲ短キ
者トシテ蛤トイフタルカ短圎トイフ時ハ月日介海鏡ノ類短ドモ圎ドモイフナ
ルベシ可考
○又介貝ノ古説ハ城州住蒹葭堂石居著タル渚ノ玉トイフ書ニ委シ此書ハ
介殻ノ名義古實ヲ眼目トシテカキタルモノ也故ニ右實ノ事ハ此書ニ譲
テ爰ニ省ク
現代語訳
雅な人に乏しい。故に珍しい貝や奇品も愛玩する者がない。よって方言もない物が多い。『本草綱目』介部第四十六巻に蚌・蛤の属二十有種を載せている。
○石寿が考えるに、『本草』に所載の物は主治・気味のみを専らとして、形象・文理・斑文のことは甚だ粗漏で詳しくない。
○また蛤・螺・無対・貝・牡蠣の属は諸書中に散見するといえども、その正しい象が不詳で異同が尤も多い。ただ名のみを挙げて文彩・文理は略して載せない物がある。故に彼に充て是に充てて的確でない事が多い。
○また偶々見慣れない介殻を得れば、変生・変化と云って穿鑿が粗漏で、猥りに名を施して形状・文彩は言わない者が間々多い。また諸書中に引用するところも原本の訛りを弁えず、因り循って訛りを伝えた物がある。見る者はよく考えるべきである。
○また『本草綱目』蚌の条に時珍これを「長い者を通じて蚌という。円い者を通じて蛤という」と石寿が考えるに、蚌・蛤の別をなぜ長短を以って言おうか。何故かといえば、縦に長い者があり、横に長い物がある。長短を以って蚌・蛤を別つのは不可である。蚌・蛤は二枚貝のことで、螺・蠃というのと同じであろう。時珍の所謂「長い者を蚌という、短い者を蛤という」は諸々の二枚貝を指して言ったものではあるまい。土負貝の属種の内で長短を別ったものであろう。馬刀或いは黒鷺・鴛鴦等は形が長い。松葉・翡翠貝等は形が短い。このような類を説いたものか、未だ詳らかでない。また文蛤のように殻の袖が円く殻の袖が長いのを短い者として蛤といったのか。短円というときは月日貝・海鏡の類は短くとも円くとも言うべきである。考えるべきである。
○また介貝の古説は、城州住の蒹葭堂石居が著した『渚の玉』という書に委しい。この書は介殻の名義・古実を眼目として書いたものである。故に古実のことはこの書に譲ってここに省く。
英語訳
there are few refined people. Therefore, there are no connoisseurs who appreciate rare shells and curiosities. Consequently, many specimens lack even local dialect names. The *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica), Shellfish Section, Volume 46, lists over twenty species of mussels and clams.
○In Sekiju's opinion, the specimens recorded in the *Bencao* focus solely on therapeutic properties and flavors, while descriptions of form, surface patterns, and markings are extremely crude and incomplete.
○Although clams, snails, univalves, shells, and oysters are scattered throughout various texts, their true forms remain unclear and discrepancies are most numerous. Some texts merely list names while omitting descriptions of coloration and surface patterns. Therefore, attempts to match specimens to different sources often prove inaccurate.
○Moreover, when one occasionally obtains an unfamiliar shell, calling it a "mutation" or "transformation" often involves crude speculation, carelessly assigning names without describing form or coloration - such cases are frequently encountered. Additionally, citations in various texts fail to distinguish errors from original sources, perpetuating corruptions through successive copying. Readers should carefully consider these issues.
○In the *Bencao Gangmu*, under the section on mussels, [Li] Shizhen states: "Long ones are generally called 'bang' (mussels), round ones are generally called 'ge' (clams)." In Sekiju's opinion, why should mussels and clams be distinguished by length? Some are long vertically, others long horizontally. Distinguishing mussels from clams by length is inappropriate. Mussels and clams refer to bivalves, similar to how "luo" and "lei" both refer to snails. Shizhen's assertion that "long ones are called mussels, short ones are called clams" probably does not refer to bivalves in general, but rather distinguishes between long and short forms within the genus of freshwater mussels. Horse-tooth shells, black herons, and mandarin ducks are long in form; pine-needle shells and kingfisher shells are short in form. Perhaps he was explaining such categories, though this remains unclear. Or perhaps he called those with round wing-shells and long wing-shells like venus clams the shorter type, calling them "clams." When speaking of "short and round," moon-date shells and sea-mirror types should be called both short and round. This requires consideration.
○Regarding ancient theories about shells, they are detailed in a book called *Nagisa no Tama* (Jewels of the Shore) written by Kenkado Sekikyo, a resident of Yamashiro Province. This book was written with focus on the nomenclature and historical facts of shells. Therefore, I defer to that work regarding historical matters and omit them here.