千蟲譜 3巻. [1] - 翻刻

翻刻

【右丁】
棚ヘ上テ祝フコトアリ故ニ薬舗ニテ多ク得ルコトナリ難シ故ニ姦商別ニ此物ヲ造作セン
カ為ニ最初ヨリ蠶ヲ飼フモノアリ此蚕𫊱ヲ作ントスルマヘ惣身金黄色ニ
ナリ咽喉透明ニナリタルヲ候テ《見せ消ち：炒｜沙》鍋ニ入テ炒殺シ石灰ヲマブセテ日乾ス
ト云薬肆多クハ此偽造ノ白殭蚕ニテ利ヲ得ルト云白キハ自然ニ白ク黴
タル如く【ク】コレヲ折レハ堅硬透明琥珀ノ如クナルヲ真物トスベシ其白ニ過
テ粉ヲ撲カ如ク折レハ内ニ蚕沙ヲ含ミ黒色ナルハ極テ堅硬ナラズコレ真
物ニ非ト知ルベシ本艸彙言ニ蠶病風死其體直殭其色自白死且
不朽也今市肆多用中湿死蠶或用石灰末淹拌令白服之為害
最深不可不慎也ト云ヘリ又天工開物ニ若風則偏忌西南西南風大
𠡍則有合箔皆殭者ト云本経逢原ニ入薬惟取直者為雄去黒口及
絲炒用トアリ○烏爛蠶江州ニテタリコト呼黒ク腐リタルヲ云コレ
ヲ白殭蚕ニ雜入スルコト冝ク撰ヒ去ルベシ○蠶蛻カヒコノキヌ是蠶ノ
眠ル毎ニ蛻去処ノ𦾔皮ナリ佛退或馬明退等ノ名アリ唐山ニテ薬
用ニス和方用ユルコトナシ○原蠶和名ナツゴナリ一名晩蠶魏蠶夏蠶熱
蠶等ノ名アリ正字通ニ蝩ト名ク六月中旬ノ頃／春蠶（ハルゴ）ノウミ付ケタル種子
初ハ色白ク形圓ニ頭ニ微尖アリ三日許ヲ経テ色黄ニ変シテ形扁凹トナル

【左丁】
又四日許ヲ歷テ其色浅黒微紫ニ変ズ又日ヲ歷テ頭尖リ黒色ニ変シ漸ク
全ク黒色トナリ一日ヲ歷テ卵ヲ穿テ䖢出ルコレヨリ漸〻成長シ眠起スルコト四
度過テ繭ヲナシ蛾ニ化スルコト春蠶ト同シ只其日数早シ薬用ニ䖸ト沙トヲ
用ユ江戸ニテハ二度ガヘリヲコト云時珍云按ニ鄭玄注周礼云原ハ再也謂
再養ノ者ナリト云宗奭曰原者有原復敏速之義頌曰原蠶東南州郡多養
之此是重養者俗呼為晩蠶北人不甚養之ト云ヘリ予甞テ此物ヲ養フコトア
リ其蠶ギヤウギアシク箔上ニノミ在ルコトナシ屋角ナドニハイ上リ蔟ヲアテガウ
ヲ待タズシテ障子戸角等ニハヒテ繭ヲ作ルコト二蠶一繭ニ入リ三四蠶一𫊱
ニ入ル其マユ柔ニシテ薄ク扁ナリ其性アシヽ強キ絲ニハナラズ皆綿ニ作ルト虽
トモ性弱シ烏𡱝圓方中晩蚕䖸アリ一粒金丹ニモ入ル其早ク再ヒカヘル
コトヲ其功ニトレルナリ雄ナル䖸ヲ撰テ薬用《見せ消ち：ユル｜ニス》トアレ共雄者許リ得ガタシ
雌雄共ニ用ユベキナリ其新鮮ナルモノヲ撰フベシ凡蠶䖸ハ雌ナルモノハ
最初ヨリ種子腹ニ滿ツ其交合ヲ待テ能ク産シ其種子能生育ス○蠶
沙和名鈔ニコクソト称ス原蚕沙ハナツゴノクソナリ古今醫統ニ一名馬鳴
肝ト云程齊医抄撮要ニ夏金沙ノ名アリ本艸彙言ニ蠶沙ハ即
蠶屎也以晩蠶者良ト云本経逢原ニ微炒用惟晩者為良早蚕者
不堪入薬以飼火烘故ニ有毒也コヽニ予用ヲボヘノ奇方アリコヽニ挙ク蚕

現代語訳

【右丁】
棚へ上げて祝うことがある。故に薬舗で多く得ることができ難い。故に悪徳商人が別にこの物を偽造するために、最初から蚕を飼う者がある。この蚕僵を作ろうとする前に、全身が金黄色になり、咽喉が透明になったのを見計らって、鍋に入れて炒り殺し、石灰をまぶして日干しすると言う。薬店の多くはこの偽造の白殭蚕で利益を得ると言う。白いのは自然に白く黴びたようで、これを折れば堅硬で透明、琥珀のようになるのを真物とすべきである。その白さが過ぎて粉を叩いたようで、折れば内に蚕沙を含み黒色なのは極めて堅硬でない。これは真物でないと知るべきである。『本草彙言』に「蚕病風死、其体直殭、其色自白、死且不朽也。今市肆多用中湿死蚕、或用石灰末淹拌令白、服之為害最深、不可不慎也」と言っている。また『天工開物』に「若風則偏忌西南、西南風大作則有合箔皆殭者」と言う。『本経逢原』に「入薬惟取直者為雄、去黒口及絲炒用」とある。○烏爛蚕は江州でタリコと呼び、黒く腐ったものを言う。これを白殭蚕に混入することがあるので、よく選んで取り去るべきである。○蚕蛻はカイコノキヌで、これは蚕の眠るたびに蛻ぎ去った皮である。蛇退或いは馬明退等の名がある。唐山で薬用にする。和方では用いることがない。○原蚕の和名はナツゴである。一名晩蚕、魏蚕、夏蚕、熱蚕等の名がある。『正字通』に蝩と名付ける。六月中旬の頃、春蚕（ハルゴ）の産み付けた種子は、初めは色が白く形が円で、頭に微かな尖りがあり、三日ほどを経て色が黄に変じて形が扁平で凹となる。

【左丁】
また四日ほどを経てその色が浅黒微紫に変ずる。また日を経て頭が尖り黒色に変じ、漸く全く黒色となり、一日を経て卵を穿って虫が出る。これより漸々成長し、眠起することが四度過ぎて繭を作し蛾に化すことは春蚕と同じである。ただその日数が早い。薬用には虫と沙とを用いる。江戸では二度ガエリと言う。時珍が言うには「按ずるに鄭玄注周礼に云う、原は再也、謂再養之者なりと言う。宗奭曰く、原者有原復敏速之義、頌曰く、原蚕東南州郡多養之、此是重養者、俗呼為晩蚕、北人不甚養之」と言っている。予はかつてこの物を養ったことがある。その蚕は行儀が悪く、箔上にのみいることがない。屋角などに這い上がり、蔟を当てがうのを待たずして障子戸角等に這って繭を作る。二蚕が一繭に入り、三四蚕が一繭に入る。その繭は柔らかくて薄く扁である。その性質が悪く、強い糸にはならず、皆綿に作ると雖も、性が弱い。烏鴉圓や方中晩蚕虫があり、一粒金丹にも入る。その早く再び孵化することをその功用とするのである。雄なる虫を選んで薬用にするとあるが、雄のものばかり得難い。雌雄共に用いるべきである。その新鮮なものを選ぶべきである。およそ蚕虫は雌なるものは最初より種子が腹に満つ。その交合を待って能く産し、その種子は能く生育する。○蚕沙は『和名抄』にコクソと称す。原蚕沙はナツゴノクソである。『古今医統』に一名馬鳴肝と言う。『程斉医抄撮要』に夏金沙の名がある。『本草彙言』に「蚕沙は即蚕屎也、以晩蚕者良」と言う。『本経逢原』に「微炒用、惟晩者為良、早蚕者不堪入薬、以飼火烘故に有毒也」。ここに予が覚えの奇方がある。ここに挙げる。蚕

英語訳

[Right folio]
They are placed on shelves and celebrated. Therefore, it is difficult for pharmacies to obtain them in large quantities. Consequently, unscrupulous merchants specifically raise silkworms from the beginning to counterfeit this substance. Before making these stiff silkworms, when the entire body turns golden yellow and the throat becomes transparent, they put them in pots, roast them to death, dust them with lime, and sun-dry them. Most pharmacies are said to profit from these counterfeit white stiff silkworms. The genuine ones are naturally white as if moldy, and when broken, they are hard and transparent like amber - these should be considered authentic. Those that are excessively white like beaten powder, and when broken contain silkworm droppings and are black in color, are not extremely hard - these should be known as not genuine. The Bencao Huiyan states: "When silkworms fall ill from wind and die, their bodies become directly stiff, their color naturally white, dead yet incorruptible. Today's markets mostly use silkworms that died from dampness, or use lime powder mixed to make them white - consuming these causes the deepest harm and one cannot be too cautious." Also, the Tiangong Kaiwu says: "If there is wind, they particularly fear the southwest; when southwest winds blow strongly, there are cases where entire trays become stiff." The Benjing Fengyuan states: "For medicinal use, only select the straight ones as superior, remove black mouths and silk, and use roasted." ○ Black rotten silkworms are called "tariko" in Ōmi Province, referring to those that have turned black and rotten. These are sometimes mixed into white stiff silkworms, so they should be carefully selected and removed. ○ Silkworm molts are called "kaiko no kinu" - these are the skins shed each time silkworms sleep. They have names like snake molt or horse bright molt. They are used medicinally in Tang China. Japanese medicine does not use them. ○ The Japanese name for wild silkworms is natsugo. They also have names like late silkworm, Wei silkworm, summer silkworm, hot silkworm, etc. The Zhengzi Tong names them 蝩. Around mid-June, the eggs laid by spring silkworms (harugo) are initially white in color and round in shape with a slight point on the head. After about three days, the color changes to yellow and the shape becomes flat and concave.

[Left folio]
After about four more days, the color changes to light black with a slight purple tinge. After more days pass, the head becomes pointed and changes to black, gradually becoming completely black. After one day, they pierce the egg and the larvae emerge. From this point they gradually grow, sleeping and waking four times before making cocoons and transforming into moths, same as spring silkworms. Only their development is faster. For medicinal use, both the larvae and their droppings are used. In Edo they are called "nido-gaeri" (second return). Shizhen says: "According to Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Zhouli, 'yuan' means 'again,' referring to those raised twice. Zongshi said: 'Yuan has the meaning of restoration and swiftness.' Song said: 'Wild silkworms are raised extensively in southeastern prefectures; these are those raised repeatedly, commonly called late silkworms. Northern people do not raise them much.'" I once raised these creatures. These silkworms are poorly behaved and do not stay only on the trays. They crawl up to house corners and, without waiting for frames to be provided, crawl onto sliding doors and corners to make cocoons. Two silkworms enter one cocoon, or three to four silkworms enter one cocoon. Their cocoons are soft, thin, and flat. Their nature is poor and they do not make strong silk; though all are made into cotton, their nature is weak. There are black crow pills and square medium late silkworm larvae, which also enter golden elixir pills. Their ability to quickly re-emerge is taken as their virtue. Though it says to select male larvae for medicinal use, it is difficult to obtain only males. Both male and female should be used. Fresh ones should be selected. Generally, female silkworm larvae have their abdomens full of eggs from the beginning. After mating they can lay eggs, and these eggs can grow well. ○ Silkworm droppings are called "kokusu" in the Wamyōshō. Wild silkworm droppings are natsugo no kuso. The Gujin Yitong calls them by the alternate name "horse neigh liver." The Chengzhai Yichao Cuoyao has the name "summer golden sand." The Bencao Huiyan says "Silkworm droppings are silkworm excrement; those from late silkworms are good." The Benjing Fengyuan states: "Use lightly roasted; only late ones are good. Early silkworms are not suitable for medicine because they are fed with fire-dried [leaves] and thus are toxic." Here I have a remarkable formula from my notes. I present it here: Silkworm...