翻刻
【クリ】
壬午年五月五日
薬梅雨請真写
和漢三才図会五果類 ̄ニ曰
栗 ̄ノ花 ̄ハ
五月梅雨中落 ̄ツ故俗書_二
隋栗花 ̄ト_一為_二梅雨 ̄ノ訓 ̄ヲ_一
和名類聚抄 ̄ニ云
栗子(クリ)
兼名苑 ̄ニ云
栗 ̄ハ力質 ̄ノ友 一名撰子
和名 久利
増補多識編五果類 ̄ニ曰
栗(リツ)《割書:和|名》 《割書:久|利》○茅栗(バウリツ)《割書:和|名》 《割書:今按 ̄ニ志|波久利》
《割書:増補|異名》栭栗(ユリツ) 栵栗(レツリツ)
板(ハン)栗○山栗(サンリツ)○錐(スイ)栗○莘(シン)栗
山家集
山風ニ峰ノサヽ栗ハラ〳〵ト
庭ニ落シク大原ノ里
或書云
景行天皇四年 淡海(アフミ) ̄ノ国 ̄ニ有_二
一 ̄ノ枯木_一殖_レ梢 穿(ウカ) ̄ツ_レ空 ̄ヲ入 ̄ル_レ雲 ̄ニ問 ̄ヘハ_二由 ̄ヲ
於国老 ̄ニ_一云 ̄ク神代 ̄ノ栗 ̄ノ木 ̄ナリ昔此木 ̄ノ
枝並 ̄フ_二山岳 ̄ニ_一故 ̄ニ云_二並枝(ヒヱ)山 ̄ト_一又並-_二
連 ̄ル高峰 ̄ニ_一故 ̄ニ云_二並聯(ヒラ)山 ̄ト_一毎年葉
落成 ̄ル_レ土 ̄ト土中悉《送り仮名:々ク》栗葉也云々
栗本郡 ̄ノ名亦起 ̄ル_レ此 ̄ヨリ乎
【印】木類
一種沢栗アリ国俗ノ名ツケル所木曽山中
沢辺ニ多シ実葉常ノ栗ト異ナルコトナシ
本理ハ常ノ栗ヨリ美シ器材トス其実
小ニシテ大木多シ棒ノルイ也
栭栗《割書:サヽ|クリ》トハ小ナルヲ云小栗ナリ柴栗ト
云爾雅註ニ江東呼 ̄テ_二小栗 ̄ヲ_一為_二栭栗 ̄ト_一
崔禹錫食経ニハ杭子ト云リ
柴栗ハ大実栗ノ如ク売鬻コト少クシテ
多ク○カチ栗トシテ正月ノ節物ニ多ク用ユ
搗( |カチ)栗ノ製法実譜ニ詳
現代語訳
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**【クリ(栗)】**
壬午年五月五日
梅雨を請けて真写す
---
和漢三才図会・五果類に曰く:
栗の花は、
五月梅雨の中に散る。ゆえに俗に書して
「隋栗花(ずいりつか)」とし、「梅雨(つゆ)」の訓(よみ)とする。
和名類聚抄に云う:
栗子(クリ)
兼名苑に云う:
栗は「力質の友」 一名「撰子(せんし)」
和名 久利(くり)
---
増補多識編・五果類に曰く:
栗(リツ) 和名:久利(くり)
○ 茅栗(バウリツ) 和名:今按ずるに「志波久利(しばくり)」
増補異名:栭栗(ユリツ) 栵栗(レツリツ)
板栗(ハンリツ) ○山栗(サンリツ) ○錐栗(スイリツ) ○莘栗(シンリツ)
---
**山家集より:**
山風に 峰のさざ栗 はらはらと
庭に落しく 大原の里
---
**或る書に云う:**
景行天皇四年、淡海(近江)の国に一本の枯木があり、梢は穿ちて空を突き、雲に入るほどであった。その由(いわれ)を国の老人に問えば、「神代の栗の木なり。昔、この木の枝は山岳に並ぶほどであったゆえ、"並枝山(ひえやま)"と云い、また高峰に並び連なるゆえに"並聯山(ひらやま)"と云う。毎年葉が落ちて土となり、土の中ことごとくが栗の葉である」と云々。
栗本郡(くりもとのこおり)の名もまたここより起こるものか。
【印】 木類
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一種、「沢栗(さわぐり)」あり。国俗の名づけるところで、木曽山中の沢辺に多い。実・葉ともに普通の栗と異なることはない。木理(もくり)は普通の栗よりも美しく、器材(器具の材料)とする。その実は小さく、大木が多い。棒(ぼう)の類である。
「栭栗(ささぐり)」とは小さいものを言い、小栗のことである。「柴栗(しばぐり)」とも云う。爾雅の註に、「江東では小栗を"栭栗(ゆりつ)"と呼ぶ」とある。崔禹錫の食経には「杭子(こうし)」と云っている。
柴栗は大実の栗のように売り鬻(ひさ)ぐことは少なく、多くは「搗栗(かちぐり)」として正月の節物(せつもの)に多く用いる。搗栗の製法は実譜(じつふ)に詳しい。
英語訳
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**【CHESTNUT (栗, Kuri)】**
5th day of the 5th month, Mizunoe-uma year (1822)
Painted faithfully while sheltered from the early summer rains
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From the *Wakan Sansai Zue* (Japanese-Chinese Illustrated Encyclopedia), Fruits section:
The flowers of the chestnut
fall during the early summer rains (梅雨) of the 5th month. For this reason, it is popularly written
as "Zuiritsu-ka" (隋栗花), and this is used as a gloss for the reading "tsuyu" (梅雨, rainy season).
The *Wamyō Ruijushō* states:
Kurishiko (栗子) — chestnut
The *Kenmyōen* states:
The chestnut is "a companion of the strength" (力質の友); alternate name: Senshi (撰子)
Japanese reading: Kuri (久利)
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From the Enlarged *Tashikihen*, Fruits section:
Chestnut (栗, Ritsu) Japanese name: Kuri (久利)
○ Bō-ritsu (茅栗, thicket chestnut) Japanese name: upon consideration, "Shibakuri" (志波久利)
Supplementary alternative names: Yuritsu (栭栗) Retsuritsu (栵栗)
Han-ritsu (板栗) ○ Mountain chestnut (山栗) ○ Awl chestnut (錐栗) ○ Shin-ritsu (莘栗)
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**From the *Sankashū* (Mountain Hermit's Collection):**
"In the mountain wind, the tiny chestnuts of the peak
scatter scattering down,
falling across the garden at Ōhara village."
---
**A certain book states:**
In the 4th year of Emperor Keikō's reign, in the province of Ōmi (近江), there was a single withered tree whose treetop pierced the sky and entered the clouds. When the elders of the province were asked about its origins, they said: "This is a chestnut tree from the age of the gods. Long ago, the branches of this tree rivaled the mountain peaks, and so it was called 'Hie-yama' (並枝山, 'Mountain of Rivaling Branches'). And because it stood connected in parallel with the high peaks, it was also called 'Hira-yama' (並聯山, 'Mountain of Parallel Peaks'). Every year the fallen leaves decompose into soil, and throughout the soil there is nothing but chestnut leaves," and so forth.
The name of Kurimoto District (栗本郡) may also have arisen from this.
【Seal】 Tree Category (木類)
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There is a variety called "Sawa-guri" (沢栗, marsh chestnut), a name given in local custom. It grows abundantly along the stream banks in the mountains of Kiso. Its fruit and leaves are no different from those of the ordinary chestnut. The grain of its wood is finer and more beautiful than ordinary chestnut and is used as a material for utensils and implements. Its fruit is small but the trees grow large. It belongs to the pole/rod (棒) category of trees.
"Sasa-guri" (栭栗) refers to the smaller variety — it is a small chestnut, also called "Shiba-guri" (柴栗). The commentary to the *Erya* (爾雅) states: "In the Jiangdong region, the small chestnut is called 'Yuritsu' (栭栗)." In Cui Yushi's (崔禹錫) *Shokukyō* (食経), it is called "Kōshi" (杭子).
The shiba-guri is rarely sold commercially in the same way as large-fruited chestnuts; rather, it is most often prepared as *kachiguri* (搗栗, dried and pounded chestnut) and widely used as a traditional food offering for the New Year season. The preparation method for *kachiguri* is described in detail in the *Jitsupū* (実譜).